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Author(s): Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Studying within-person variation and within-person couplings in intensive longitudinal data. Lessons learned and to be learned
In: Gerontology, 66 (2020) 4, S. 332-339
DOI: 10.1159/000507993
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-252201
URL: https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2022/25220/pdf/Gerontology_66_4_2020_Neubauer_et_al_Studying_within-person_variation_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Altersforschung; Psychologische Forschung; Altern; Wohlbefinden; Messung; Messverfahren; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Reliabilität; Heterogenität; Kausalität; Zeitpunkt; Diskussion
Abstract (english): Intensive longitudinal designs (e.g., experience sampling methods, daily diary studies, or ambulatory assessments) continue to gain importance in sychological aging research. Empirical research using these designs has greatly facilitated our understanding of short-term within-person processes and has started to approach the question how these processes shape long-term development across the life span. The aim of this viewpoint article is to point out four key issues in intensive longitudinal designs that in our opinion require more attention than they are currently given: (a) improvement in measurement reliability, (b) the necessity to investigate inter-individual differences in short-term dynamics, (c) considerations of the time scale across which dynamic effects unfold, and (d) targeting causality by incorporating experimental methods in intensive longitudinal designs. We illustrate these four key issues by referring to a prominent example of within-person dynamics in prior empirical research: the within-person coupling of stressor occurrence and well-being stress reactivity).
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; Varikuti, Deepthi P.; Plachti, Anna; Lösche, Patrick; Hoffstaedter, Felix; Kalenscher, Tobias; Langner, Robert; Eickhoff, Simon B.
Title: Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity
In: Cortex, 132 (2020) , S. 441-459
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.012
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Gehirn; Vernetzung; Altern; Lebensalter; Unterschied; Ruhe; Zustand; Magnetresonanzverfahren; Bildgebendes Verfahren; Maschine; Lernen; Leistung; Vorhersage; Explorative Studie; Deutschland
Abstract: Deterioration in working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with normal aging, but it remains unknown how age affects the relationship between WMC and connectivity within functional brain networks. We therefore examined the predictability of WMC from fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within eight meta-analytically defined functional brain networks and the connectome in young and old adults using relevance vector machine in a robust cross-validation scheme. Particular brain networks have been associated with mental functions linked to WMC to a varying degree and are associated with age-related differences in performance. Comparing prediction performance between the young and old sample revealed age-specific effects: In young adults, we found a general unpredictability of WMC from RSFC in networks subserving WM, cognitive action control, vigilant attention, theory-of-mind cognition, and semantic memory, whereas in older adults each network significantly predicted WMC. Moreover, both WM-related and WM-unrelated networks were differently predictive in older adults with low versus high WMC. These results indicate that the within-network functional coupling during task-free states is specifically related to individual task performance in advanced age, suggesting neural-level reorganization. In particular, our findings support the notion of a decreased segregation of functional brain networks, deterioration of network integrity within different networks and/or compensation by reorganization as factors driving associations between individual WMC and within-network RSFC in older adults. Thus, using multivariate pattern regression provided novel insights into age-related brain reorganization by linking cognitive capacity to brain network integrity. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Dirk, Judith; Kratzsch, Gesa Katharina; Prindle, John P.; Kröhne, Ulf; Goldhammer, Frank; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Paper-based assessment of the effects of aging on response time in processing speed. A diffusion model analysis
In: Journal of Intelligence, 5 (2017) 2, S. 1-16
DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence5020012
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-191786
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/19178/pdf/jintelligence_2017_2_Dirk_et_al_Paper-based_assessment_of_the_effects_of_aging_on_response_time_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Alter Mensch; Altern; Antwort; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitionspsychologie; Leistung; Messung; Modell; Vergleichsuntersuchung; Zeit
Abstract: The effects of aging on response time were examined in a paper-based lexical-decision experiment with younger (age 18-36) and older (age 64-75) adults, applying Ratcliff's diffusion model. Using digital pens allowed the paper-based assessment of response times for single items. Age differences previously reported by Ratcliff and colleagues in computer-based experiments were partly replicated: older adults responded more conservatively than younger adults and showed a slowing of their nondecision components of RT by 53 ms. The rates of evidence accumulation (drift rate) showed no age-related differences. Participants with a higher score in a vocabulary test also had higher drift rates. The experiment demonstrates the possibility to use formal processing models with paper-based tests. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung; Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Author(s): Tetzner, Julia; Schuth, Morten
Title: Anxiety in late adulthood. Associations with gender, education, and physical and cognitive functioning
In: Psychology and Aging, 31 (2016) 5, S. 532-544
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000108
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-165921
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-165921
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Alter Mensch; Altern; Angst; Bildungsniveau; Empirische Untersuchung; Erwachsener; Europa; Frau; Geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschied; Interview; Kognitive Entwicklung; Körperliche Entwicklung; Krankheit; Mann; Selbstbestimmung; Strukturgleichungsmodell
Abstract (english): Anxiety is common in late adulthood and can complicate adjustment in several areas. This study used data from 2 measurement points of a representative European longitudinal study (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) with a large sample size (N 28,326) and a broad age range (45-90) to examine age effects on cross-sectional mean levels of anxiety as well as longitudinal mean-level changes over 2 years with respect to gender, education, and changes in physical and cognitive functioning. Furthermore, we analyzed generalizability of the findings for different European countries. Latent change models and locally weighted smoothing curves revealed 3 main findings: (1) Mean levels of anxiety were relatively stable over the course of middle adulthood and increased during late adulthood, (2) women and individuals with less education were more anxious than men and individuals with more education, and (3) increases in anxiety in late adulthood were associated with age-associated losses in physical and cognitive functioning. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
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Author(s): Tilgner, Renate
Title: Linkempfehlungen zur Rubrik Online: Intergeneratives Lernen: Hintergründe und Konzepte
In: Weiterbildung, 26 (2015) 4, S. 45-46
URL: http://www.bildungsserver.de/Zeitschrift-Weiterbildung-4-2015-Linkempfehlungen-zum-Schwerpunkt-Intergeneratives-lernen-Gewinn-fuer-Alt-und-Jung--11430.html
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Bibliografien/Rezensionen u.ä. (z.B. Linktipps)
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitswelt; Austausch; Betrieb; Bildung; Deutschland; Digitale Medien; Erfahrung; Generationenbeziehung; Hilfe; Junger Erwachsener; Kooperatives Lernen; Kreativität; Studium; Wissenstransfer; Wohnen
Abstract: Vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels gewinnen Bildungsprozesse und gesellschaftliche Beteiligung Älterer an Bedeutung, auch spielen der Austausch zwischen den Generationen und das gemeinsame Lernen Älterer und Jüngerer eine größere Rolle. Es wird über verschiedene Beiträge informiert, die intergeneratives Lernen aus einer allgemeineren Perspektive betrachten oder den Schwerpunkt auf die Arbeitswelt legen. Außerdem werden Praxisbeispiele vorgestellt, die Aspekte wie das Seniorenstudium, mediale Bildung, Mentoring oder gemeinschaftliches Wohnen berücksichtigen. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Author(s): Kaspar, Roman; Oswald, Frank; Hebsaker, Jakob
Title: Perceived social capital in self-defined urban neighborhoods as a resource for healthy aging
In: Nyqvist, Fredrica; Forsman, Anna K. (Hrsg.): Social capital as a health resource in later life: The relevance of context, New York; NY: Springer, 2015 (International Perspectives on Aging, 11), S. 109-126
Publication Type: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Alter Mensch; Altern; Befragung; Deutschland; Frankfurt a.M.; Gerontologie; Gesundheit; Nachbarschaft; Raum; Sozialkapital; Stadt; Umwelteinfluss; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Environmental gerontology has adopted a social cohesion perspective on social capital, defining social capital as a neighborhood-level characteristic rather than a property of the individual. This chapter will discuss the macro-micro relationship between social capital and healthy ageing by focusing on the role of mediating concepts indicating both the relevance of the perceived socio-physical environment for the person (e.g., urban-related identity) and processes of engagement in the community (e.g., social participation). We consider individuals' subjective definitions of neighborhood boundaries in geographical space in our attempt to assure a valid mapping of person-environment references. Based on both a phenomenological approach and a comprehensive survey with 595 community-dwelling urban citizens (Frankfurt/Main, Germany) stratified by age (70-79 vs. 80-89 years) and household composition (living alone vs. with partner), a variety of constituents of perceived neighborhood in old age are identified that clearly challenge some of the common (census tract-oriented) notions of what defines a neighborhood and point to potential mechanisms of neighboring that have been neglected in most current studies of social capital. On a descriptive level, disparities with respect to aspects of healthy ageing and social participation are described across shared perceived neighborhoods using a multi-level approach. Finally, we test the hypothesis that neighborhood-level social capital moderates the effects of social participation on healthy ageing. The consequences of perceived social capital in the neighborhood for agency and belonging components of ageing in place (i.e., place identity, social participation), and, ultimately, for healthy ageing in urban neighborhoods are revisited. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Author(s): Miche, Martina; Wahl, Hans-Werner; Diehl, Manfred; Oswald, Frank; Kaspar, Roman; Kolb, Maren
Title: Natural occurrence of subjective aging experiences in community dwelling older adults
In: Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69 (2014) 2, S. 174-187
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs164
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-193070
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/19307/pdf/J_geron_B_2016_2_Miche_et_al_Natural_Occurrence_of_Subjective_Aging_Experiences_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Alter; Altern; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Frankfurt a.M.; Gesundheit; Interview; Lebensbewältigung; Senior; Subjektivität; Tagebuch; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden; Zufriedenheit
Abstract (english): The subjective experience of aging is a relevant correlate of developmental outcomes. However, traditional approaches fall short of capturing the inherent multidimensionality of subjective aging experiences (SAEs). […] This study provides a description of SAEs that is facet rich, and based on their natural occurrence, analyzes interindividual differences and associations with well-being. Data came from 225 participants (70-88 years) of the ongoing BEWOHNT study. Open-ended diary entries about age-related experiences were collected for more than 14 days and coded according to AARC domains and subdomains. Seventy percent of all participants had SAEs about physical functioning. About half of the sample reported experiences in the domains interpersonal relations, social-emotional and social-cognitive functioning (COGN-EMOT), and lifestyle. Thirty percent experienced aging in terms of changes in cognitive functioning. Contents of SAEs varied by gender, age group, and functional status. SAEs about COGN-EMOT were most consistently related to affective components of subjective well-being. Our results demonstrate the benefits of an open-ended approach to a multidimensional understanding of SAEs. Content-related, social-cognitive and social-emotional changes more than functional age-related changes were most important for well-being.
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Author(s): Brose, Annette; Scheibe, Susanne; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Life contexts make a difference. Emotional stability in younger and older adults
In: Psychology and Aging, 28 (2013) 1, S. 148-159
DOI: 10.1037/a0030047
URL: http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/a0030047
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Affektive Entwicklung; Altern; Einflussfaktor; Emotionale Entwicklung; Emotionaler Zustand; Empirische Untersuchung; Junger Erwachsener; Reaktion; Regressionsanalyse; Senior; Stress; Umwelteinfluss; Vergleich; Wohlbefinden
Abstract (english): Emotional stability, as indicated by low affect variability and low affective reactivity to daily events, for example, tends to increase across the adult life span. This study investigated a contextual explanation for such age differences, relating affect variability and affective reactivity to age-group-specific life contexts. A sample of 101 younger and 103 older adults reported daily stressors and negative affect across 100 days. Compared with younger adults, older adults (a) experienced fewer stressors overall, (b) had less heterogeneous stressor profiles, and (c) reported that stressors had less impact on daily routines. As expected, these contextual factors were relevant for interindividual differences in emotional stability. Multiple regression analyses revealed that reduced affect variability and affective reactivity in older adults were associated with these age-group specific life contexts. Moreover, matching younger and older adults on the contextual factors to explore the effects of context on age-group differences further provided support for the (partially) contextual explanation of age differences in emotional stability. Matched subgroups of younger and older adults that were comparable on contextual variables were identified. Affective variability, but not affective reactivity, was more similar in the matched subsamples than in the total samples of younger and older adults. We conclude that contexts in which affective experiences emerge require more attention when aiming to explain interindividual and age group differences in emotional stability. Moreover, future studies need to disentangle the extent to which contexts interact with active self-regulatory processes to shape affective experiences across adulthood.
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Author(s): Kolling, Thorsten; Haberstroh, Julia; Kaspar, Roman; Pantel, Johannes; Oswald, Frank; Knopf, Monika
Title: Evidence and deployment-based research into care for the elderly using emotional robots. Psychological, methodological and cross-cultural facets
In: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 26 (2013) 2, S. 83-88
DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000084
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1024/1662-9647/a000084
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Altenpflege; Altern; Emotion; Empirische Forschung; Forschungsstand; Gerontologie; Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation; Roboter; Senior; Therapie
Abstract: Global aging, particularly in Japan and Europe, an associated shortage of qualified healthcare personnel, and a general preference for living at home, have all sparked an interest in the possibilities offered by robot therapy in improving quality of life. To date, however, both evidence-based research and psychological theory building on whether, and if so how and why, robots can influence the life of the elderly are rather sparse and scattered across many scientific disciplines and countries. The present paper argues in favor of a psychological, cross-cultural framework for evidence-based analyses of emotional robots. Against the background of this framework, we present building blocks for an evidence-based approach to the assessment of emotional robots and discuss interactions between evidence- and deployment-based research.
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Author(s): Noack, Hannes; Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian; Lindenberger, Ulman
Title: Age-related differences in temporal and spatial dimensions of episodic memory performance before and after hundred days of practice
In: Psychology and Aging, 28 (2013) 2, S. 467-480
DOI: 10.1037/a0031489
URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-05949-001
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Altern; Altersgruppe; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Erwachsener; Gedächtnis; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistung; Messung; Training; Unterschied; Wirkung
Abstract: Normal aging impairs the representation and integration (binding) of spatial and temporal context in
episodic memory. We directly compare age differences in episodic memory in relation to processing
spatial and temporal context. As part of the COGITO study, 101 younger and 103 older participants
trained an object-location serial recall task for 100 sessions. Training exacerbated the recall deficit of
older relative to younger adults. Younger adults improved in recall performance on both spatial and
temporal dimensions. In contrast, older adults improved on the spatial dimension only. Individual
differences in pretest performance and change were positively correlated across dimensions among
younger adults but negatively related among older adults. We conclude that older adults are impaired at
simultaneously processing spatial and temporal context and preferentially process spatial at the expense
of temporal context.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung