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Author(s): Neubauer, Andreas B.; Kramer, Andrea C.; Schmidt, Andrea; Könen, Tanja; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Reciprocal relations of subjective sleep quality and affective well-being in late childhood
In: Developmental Psychology, 57 (2021) 8, S. 1372-1386
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001209
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-252136
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-252136
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Deutschland; Kind; Grundschulalter; Schlaf; Qualität; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden; Negativität; Subjektivität; Affekt; Tagesablauf; Emotionaler Zustand; Messverfahren; Test; Mehrebenenanalyse; Strukturgleichungsmodell
Abstract: High sleep quality has been associated with beneficial outcomes across the life span. Intensive longitudinal studies suggest that these beneficial effects can also be observed on a day-to-day level. However, the dynamic interplay between subjective sleep quality and affective well-being in children's daily life has only rarely been investigated. The aims of the present work were (a) to replicate findings from a prior ambulatory assessment study in this area (Könen et al., 2016), (b) to explore the effect of subjective sleep quality on well-being throughout the day, and (c) to examine the reciprocal relation between subjective sleep quality and well-being in more detail. Data from two ambulatory assessment studies with children between 8 and 11 years (N = 108/84, with assessments over 28/21 consecutive days) consistently showed that positive affect was higher and negative affect was lower after nights with better sleep quality, and that the effects of subjective sleep quality were stronger on well-being assessed in the morning compared with later in the day. Results from dynamic structural equation models revealed reciprocal effects of subjective sleep quality and positive affect. Negative affect was not consistently related to worse subsequent sleep quality after controlling for positive affect and prior night's sleep quality. Results suggest a close relation of sleep quality and positive affect, which strengthens the idea behind interventions targeting both, children's sleep and well-being. Differences between children in the dynamic interplay between sleep and affect may be important predictors of long-term outcomes. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Kramer, Andrea C.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Stoffel, Martin; Voss, Andreas; Ditzen, Beate
Title: Tomorrow's gonna suck. Today's stress anticipation predicts tomorrow's post-awakening cortisol increase
In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, 106 (2019) , S. 38-46
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.024
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-174748
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/17474/pdf/Kramer_2019_tomorrows_gonna_suck_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Stress; Psychophysiologie; Prognose; Wirkung; Tagesablauf; Bewältigung; Psychische Vorgänge; Junger Erwachsener; Messung; Schlaf; Dauer; Neuropsychologie
Abstract (english): The cortisol awakening response (a rapid rise in cortisol concentration shortly after awakening) is hypothesized to prepare the organism to cope with upcoming demands, suggesting a key role for anticipatory stress in its regulation. Yet, no thorough test of this hypothesis incorporating temporal dynamics of the underlying processes has been conducted so far. To address this gap in the literature, the present study investigated the effects of anticipated stress for the next day (assessed in the evening) on an estimate of the cortisol awakening response (assessed in the following morning). In an ambulatory assessment paradigm, 42 participants (69% female; mean age = 22.8, range = 18-30 years) completed 5 consecutive days of assessments in their daily lives, collecting saliva samples at awakening and 30 minutes later. Using hierarchical linear modeling, associations with anticipatory stress were examined separately on the within- and between-person level. In line with our expectations, anticipatory stress predicted the post-awakening cortisol increase on the within-person level, implying an elevated cortisol rise on days for which more stress than usual had been anticipated. In contrast, on the between-person level higher average anticipatory stress did not predict an increased cortisol rise. Taken together, the findings confirm a key role of anticipatory stress in the regulation of the cortisol awakening response on the within-person level. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Lydon-Staley, David M.; Ram, Nilam; Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Reduced impact of alcohol use on next-day tiredness in older relative to younger adults. A role for sleep duration
In: Psychology and Aging, 32 (2017) 7, S. 642-653
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000198
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Schlaf; Dauer; Qualität; Alter Mensch; Junger Erwachsener; Alkoholkonsum; Wirkung; Einflussfaktor; Leistungsfähigkeit; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Empirische Untersuchung; Vergleich
Abstract: Recent work has suggested that older adults may be less susceptible to the next-day effects of alcohol relative to younger adults. The effects of alcohol in younger adults may be mediated by sleep duration, but due to age differences in the contexts of alcohol use, this mediation process may not generalize to older adults. The present study examined age-group (younger vs. older adults) differences in how alcohol use influenced next-day tiredness during daily life. Reports of alcohol use, sleep duration, and next-day tiredness obtained on ∼101 days from 91 younger adults (ages 20-31 years) and 75 older adults (ages 65-80 years) were modeled using a multilevel, moderated mediation framework. Findings indicated that (a) greater-than-usual alcohol use was associated with greater-than-usual tiredness in younger adults only, (b) greater-than-usual alcohol use was associated with shorter-than-usual sleep duration in younger adults only, and (c) shorter-than-usual sleep duration was associated with greater tiredness in both younger and older adults. For the prototypical younger adult, a significant portion (43%) of the association between alcohol use and next-day tiredness could be explained assuming mediation through sleep duration, whereas there was no evidence of mediation for the prototypical older adult. Findings of age differences in the mediation process underlying associations among alcohol use, sleep, and tiredness provide insight into the mechanisms driving recent observations of reduced next-day effects of alcohol in older relative to younger adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Tägliche Schwankungen kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit
In: Hartmann, Ulrike;Hasselhorn, Marcus;Gold, Andreas (Hrsg.): Entwicklungsverläufe verstehen - Kinder mit Bildungsrisiken wirksam fördern: Forschungsergebnisse des Frankfurter IDeA-Zentrums, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2017 , S. 175-189
Publication Type: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Forschungsprojekt; Faktorenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland; Kind; Grundschulalter; Leistungsfähigkeit; Veränderung; Tagesablauf; Leistungsschwäche; Leistungssteigerung; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Kognitive Kompetenz; Aufgabe; Schuljahr 03; Schuljahr 04; Informationsverarbeitung; Einflussfaktor; Stimmung; Motivation; Schlaf; Dauer
Abstract: Dass Kinder bessere und schlechtere Tage in Bezug auf ihre kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit erleben, ist vielen Eltern und Lehrkräften aus dem Alltag bekannt. Trotzdem gibt es bis heute kaum Studien, die dieses Phänomen empirisch betrachten und das Ausmaß von Leistungsschwankungen, diesbezügliche individuelle Unterschiede sowie mögliche Einflussfaktoren im Schulkontext untersuchen. Dieses Ziel hat das IDeA-Projekt FLUX verfolgt, in dem tagtägliche Schwankungen der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit und potenzielle Einflussfaktoren, wie zum Beispiel Stimmung, Schlaf, Motivation und körperliche Aktivität, über vier Wochen im Alltag von Grundschülern mittels Smartphones und Bewegungsmessern untersucht wurden. Ausgewählte Befunde des Projekts werden in diesem Kapitel vorgestellt. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Könen, Tanja; Dirk, Judith; Leonhardt, Anja; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: The interplay between sleep behavior and affect in elementary school children's daily life
In: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 150 (2016) , S. 1-15
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.04.003
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Alltag; Dauer; Deutschland; Emotionaler Zustand; Grundschulalter; Kind; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Mehrebenenanalyse; Qualität; Schlaf; Schlafstörung; Schuljahr 03; Schuljahr 04; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Recent reviews raised the idea of a bidirectional relation between sleep behavior and affect in adults, but little is known about this interplay in general and especially regarding children. In this micro-longitudinal study, the interplay of sleep and affect was captured directly in children's daily life context in and out of school through ambulatory assessment. For 31 consecutive days, 110 elementary school children (8-11 years old) provided information about their last night's sleep and reported their current affect at four daily occasions in school and at home on smartphones. A multilevel approach was used to analyze the relation between sleep and affect the next day (morning, noon, and afternoon) and the relation between evening affect and subsequent sleep. At the withinperson level, sleep quality was related to all observed facets of affect the next day and the strongest effects were found in the morning. The effect of sleep quality on positive affect was particularly pronounced for children who on average went to bed early and slept long. There were, however, no direct within-person effects of sleep quantity on affect. Furthermore, evening affect was related to subsequent sleep. The findings support the idea of a bidirectional relation between affect and sleep in children's daily life (including school). They suggest that good sleep provides a basis and resource for children's affective well-being the next day and demonstrate the importance of analyzing within-person variations of children's sleep. Micro-longitudinal findings can contribute to explain how macro-longitudinal relations between sleep and affect develop over time. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Könen, Tanja; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Cognitive benefits of last night's sleep. Daily variations in children's sleep behavior are related to working memory fluctuations
In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56 (2015) 2, S. 171-182
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12296
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12296/abstract
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Empirische Untersuchung; Forschungsprojekt; Grundschulalter; Kind; Kognitive Kompetenz; Kognitive Prozesse; Qualität; Schlaf
Abstract (english): Recent studies have suggested substantial fluctuations of cognitive performance in adults both across and within days, but very little is known about such fluctuations in children. Children's sleep behavior might have an important influence on their daily cognitive resources, but so far this has not been investigated in terms of naturally occurring within-person variations in children's everyday lives. Methods: In an ambulatory assessment study, 110 elementary school children (8-11 years old) completed sleep items and working memory tasks on smartphones several times per day in school and at home for 4 weeks. Parents provided general information about the children and their sleep habits. Results: We identified substantial fluctuations in the children's daily cognitive performance, self-reported nightly sleep quality, time in bed, and daytime tiredness. All three facets were predictive of performance fluctuations in children's school and daily life. Sleep quality and time in bed were predictive of performance in the morning, and afternoon performance was related to current tiredness. The children with a lower average performance level showed a higher within-person coupling between morning performance and sleep quality. Conclusions: Our findings contribute important insights regarding a potential source of performance fluctuations in children. The effect of varying cognitive resources should be investigated further because it might impact children's daily social, emotional, and learning-related functioning. Theories about children's cognitive and educational development should consider fluctuations on micro-longitudinal scales (e.g., day-to-day) to identify possible mechanisms behind long-term changes. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Wolgast, Anett; Neuf, Hartmut
Title: Das Arbeitsgedächtnis nach zu langem Schlaf. Eine transversale, psychometrische Studie
In: Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, 10 (2015) 2, S. 147-152
DOI: 10.1007/s11553-015-0490-5
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-153621
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2018/15362/pdf/Wolgast_das_Arbeitsgedaechtnis_nach_15_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Dauer; Einflussfaktor; Informationsverarbeitung; Kognitive Prozesse; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Psychometrie; Qualität; Schlaf; Test
Abstract: Das Arbeitsgedächtnis spielt nach den Erkenntnissen der kognitiven Psychologie eine zentrale Rolle für die menschliche Informationsverarbeitung, da es jene Instanz ist, in der alle momentanen, bewussten, sinnlichen oder aus dem Langzeitgedächtnis geladenen Inhalte zusammenlaufen. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des Arbeitsgedächtnisses wird durch personale und situative Faktoren bestimmt; auch das individuelle Schlafverhalten bzw. die Schlafmenge können das Arbeitsgedächtnis beeinträchtigen. Somit könnte ein statistisch bedeutsamer Zusammenhang zwischen Leistungen des Arbeitsgedächtnisses und vorheriger Schlafmenge bestehen. In der vorliegenden Studie wird untersucht, in welchem Zusammenhang Prozesse des Arbeitsgedächtnisses mit Schlafgewohnheiten bei Erwachsenen stehen. In einem transversalen, nicht-kontrollierten Studiendesign und einer Stichprobe mit 68 Versuchspersonen wurde der Lesegeschwindigkeitstest aus dem Kurztest zur Messung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses (KAI-N) eingesetzt, das Zahlennachsprechen vorwärts/rückwärts aus dem Wechsler-Intelligenztest (WIE) sowie der Pittsburgh-Schlafqualitätsindex (PSQI). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine niedrige Leistung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses mit einer Schlafdauer von durchschnittlich mehr als 8 h pro Nacht innerhalb der letzten 4 Wochen einhergeht (r = − 0,24; p < 0,05). Davon sind eher basale als komplexe Prozesse betroffen. Regelmäßiger Schlaf über 8 h kann das Arbeitsgedächtnis beeinträchtigen. Es ist z. B. zur akkuraten Abzählung von Tabletten im Klinikalltag erforderlich. Einer Person, die regelmäßig länger als 8 h schläft, wird daher empfohlen, nach der Ausführung von Arbeitsgedächtnisaufgaben das Ergebnis mehrmals zu kontrollieren. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): According to findings from cognitive psychology, working memory plays a central role in human information processing, because it is the place where all current, conscious, and sensual contents or contents downloaded from the long-term memory converge. Working memory capacity is determined by personal and situational factors. Working memory might also be impaired by factors even more fundamental in individual behavior such as sleeping habits. Thus, a statistically significant correlation might exist between working memory performance and prior amount of sleep. The aim of the present study is to investigate associations between working memory and the sleeping habits of adults. In a transversal design without a control group and a sample of 68 adults, we use the reading speed test from the working memory assessment KAI-N, the digit span forward and backward from the Wechsler adult intelligence scale, and the Pittsburgh sleep index. The results suggest that average sleep duration of more than 8 h over the last 4 weeks is associated with a lower performance in working memory (r = − 0.24, p < 0.05), particularly basal processes. Regular sleep of more than 8 h can impair working memory as is, for example, required for the accurate counting of tablets or pills in the clinical setting. For a person who regularly sleeps more than 8 h, we recommend to check a result several times after the execution of working memory tasks. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Author(s): Preckel, Franzis; Lipnevich, Anastasiya A; Boehme, Katharina; Brandner, Lena; Georgi, Karsten; Könen, Tanja; Mursin, Katharina; Roberts, Richard D
Title: Morningness-eveningness and educational outcomes. The lark has an advantage over the owl at high school
In: British Journal of Educational Psychology, 82 (2011) 2, S. 114-134
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02059.x
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02059.x
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Befragung; Deutschland; Eltern; Gewohnheit; Kognitive Kompetenz; Leistungsmotivation; Messverfahren; Regressionsanalyse; Schlaf; Schüler; Schülerleistung; Schuljahr 09; Schuljahr 10; Selbsteinschätzung; Tagesablauf; Typologie; Verhalten; Zeit
Abstract (english): The main goal of the study was to investigate the incremental validity of chronotype as a predictor of academic achievement after controlling for a number of traditional predictors. In so doing, a further aim was ongoing validation of a chronotype questionnaire, the Lark-Owl Chronotype Indicator. The sample comprised 272 students attending 9th and 10th grades at five German high schools. Data was also obtained from 132 parents of these students. Students were assessed in class via self-report questionnaires and a standardized cognitive test. Parents filled out a questionnaire at home. The incremental validity of chronotype was investigated using hierarchical linear regression. Validity of the chronotype questionnaire was assessed by correlating student ratings of their chronotype with behavioural data on sleep, food intake, and drug consumption and with parent ratings of chronotype. Eveningness was a significant (negative) predictor of overall grade point average (GPA), math science GPA, and language GPA, after cognitive ability, conscientiousness, need for cognition, achievement motivation, and gender were held constant. Validity evidence for the chronotype measure was established by significant correlations with parent-ratings and behavioural data. Results point to the possible discrimination of adolescents with a proclivity towards eveningness at school. Possible explanations for the relationship between chronotype and academic achievement are presented. Implications for educational practice are also discussed.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung