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(Schlagwörter: "Visuelle Wahrnehmung")
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Effects of music training on attention, processing speed and cognitive music abilities - Findings […]
Roden, Ingo; Könen, Tanja; Bongard, Stephan; Frankenberg, Emily; Friedrich, Esther Kamala; […]
Journal Article
| In: Applied Cognitive Psychology | 2014
34788 Endnote
Author(s):
Roden, Ingo; Könen, Tanja; Bongard, Stephan; Frankenberg, Emily; Friedrich, Esther Kamala; Kreutz, Gunter
Title:
Effects of music training on attention, processing speed and cognitive music abilities - Findings from a longitudinal study
In:
Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28 (2014) 4, S. 545-557
DOI:
10.1002/acp.3034
URL:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.3034/abstract
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Aufmerksamkeit; Bildungsniveau; Deutschland; Eltern; Empirische Untersuchung; Grundschulalter; Informationsverarbeitung; Intelligenz; Kind; Kognitive Kompetenz; Musik; Musikinstrument; Sozioökonomische Lage; Test; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Wirkung
Abstract (english):
The present study addresses visual attention and processing speed in primary school children (N = 345; 7-8 years of age) who received either music (MC) or natural science training (NC) over a period of 18 months. Dependent variables were collected three times (T1-T3) and included measures for processing speed, visual attention and cognitive music abilities. They were submitted to latent or manifest change models including socioeconomic status and basic cognitive functions as covariates. Groups performed similarly in all dependent tasks at baseline (T1). MC showed significant increases in processing speed as well as in music abilities from T2 to T3 and increases in rhythmic abilities from T1 to T2. Although MC also showed increases in both processing speed and visual attention over time, they were at a small advantage with respect to the former and at a clear disadvantage with respect to the latter measure as compared to NC. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Development of rapid temporal processing and its impact on literacy skills in primary school […]
Steinbrink, Claudia; Zimmer, Karin; Lachmann, Thomas; Dirichs, Martin; Kammer, Thomas
Journal Article
| In: Child Development | 2014
34092 Endnote
Author(s):
Steinbrink, Claudia; Zimmer, Karin; Lachmann, Thomas; Dirichs, Martin; Kammer, Thomas
Title:
Development of rapid temporal processing and its impact on literacy skills in primary school children
In:
Child Development, 85 (2014) 4, S. 1711-1726
DOI:
10.1111/cdev.12208
URL:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.12208/abstract
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Grundschüler; Kognitive Kompetenz; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Leistungsmessung; Lesekompetenz; Lesestörung; Rechtschreibung; Regressionsanalyse; Schülerleistung; Schuljahr 01; Schuljahr 02; Test; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
In a longitudinal study, auditory and visual temporal order thresholds (TOTs) were investigated in primary school children (N = 236; mean age at rst data point: 6;7) at the beginning of Grade 1 and the end of Grade 2 to test whether rapid temporal processing abilities predict reading and spelling at the end of Grades 1 and 2. Auditory and visual TOTs differed but showed comparable developmental trajectories over 20 months. Visual TOTs were not predictive of literacy measures; auditory TOTs in Grade 1 were the best predictor. Interestingly, they were related to spelling in Grade 2 while auditory TOTs in Grade 2 were not, suggesting that rapid auditory processing abilities have a causal in uence on literacy development.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Neuronal response specificity as a marker of reading proficiency. Two-fold nature of the N170 […]
Korinth, Sebastian; Sommer, Werner; Breznitz, Zvia
Journal Article
| In: NeuroReport | 2013
33425 Endnote
Author(s):
Korinth, Sebastian; Sommer, Werner; Breznitz, Zvia
Title:
Neuronal response specificity as a marker of reading proficiency. Two-fold nature of the N170 revealed after massive repetition
In:
NeuroReport, 24 (2013) 2, S. 96-100
DOI:
10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835d20b1
URL:
https://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Fulltext/2013/01230/Neuronal_response_specificity_as_a_marker_of.9.aspx
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Experimentelle Untersuchung; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Lesekompetenz; Lesen; Lesetest; Messung; Neurowissenschaften; Verhalten; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
Reading demands precise and efficient letter and word processing. This event-related potentials (ERP) study utilized massive repetition of visually presented single letters to trigger neuronal adaptation. Our aim was to explore whether the adaptation pattern of the N170 ERP component, serving as an indicator of neuronal response specificity, would differ for two reader groups. Forty German students, divided at the median into slow and fast readers, accomplished a visual oddball paradigm. ERPs of standard stimuli were computed separately for the first, second, and third part of the experiment. ERP waveforms and independent component analyses showed two subcomponents within the N170 time window. For both reader groups, the ERP amplitudes decreased over the time course of the experiment; however, only faster readers showed a subcomponent-specific adaptation response, restricted to the earlier N170 part. Results may reflect different degrees of neuronal response specificity in slow and fast readers, which might serve as a promising indicator for interindividual differences in visual recognition tasks such as reading.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Leseverstehen = Hörverstehen X Dekodieren? Ein stringenter Test der Simple View of Reading bei […]
Knoepke, Julia; Richter, Tobias; Isberner, Maj-Britt; Neeb, Yvonne; Naumann, Johannes
Book Chapter
| Aus: Redder, Angelika; Weinert, Sabine (Hrsg.): Sprachförderung und Sprachdiagnostik: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven | Münster: Waxmann | 2013
34060 Endnote
Author(s):
Knoepke, Julia; Richter, Tobias; Isberner, Maj-Britt; Neeb, Yvonne; Naumann, Johannes
Title:
Leseverstehen = Hörverstehen X Dekodieren? Ein stringenter Test der Simple View of Reading bei deutschsprachigen Grundschulkindern
In:
Redder, Angelika; Weinert, Sabine (Hrsg.): Sprachförderung und Sprachdiagnostik: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven, Münster: Waxmann, 2013 , S. 256-276
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Erkennen; Grundschüler; Hörverstehen; Kognitive Prozesse; Lesekompetenz; Lesetest; Leseverstehen; Schuljahr 03; Schuljahr 04; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Wort
Abstract:
Die Autoren prüfen im Rahmen des Projekts "Prozessbezogene Diagnostik des Lese- und Hörverstehens im Grundschulalter" systematisch, ob sich Leseverstehen als Produkt aus der Effizienz der visuellen Worterkennung und im Hörverstehen von Sprache erklären lässt, wie es der "simple view of reading" annimmt. Die Befunde, die mittels gezielt entwickelter Tests zur Erfassung der entsprechenden Teilkompetenzen erzielt wurden, sind diagnostisch weiterführend und zeigen die Bedeutung beider Kompetenzen, ohne hingegen einen simple view of reading in einfacher Weise zu stützen.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
Identity negative priming. A phenomenon of perception, recognition or selection?
Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Herrmann, J. Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Journal Article
| In: PLoSOne | 2012
32525 Endnote
Author(s):
Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Herrmann, J. Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Title:
Identity negative priming. A phenomenon of perception, recognition or selection?
In:
PLoSOne, 7 (2012) 3, S. 1-11
URL:
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032946
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufmerksamkeit; Auswahl; Erkennen; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Farbe; Kognitive Prozesse; Neurowissenschaften; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Wirkung
Abstract (english):
The present study addresses the problem whether negative priming (NP) is due to information processing in perception, recognition or selection. We argue that most NP studies confound priming and perceptual similarity of prime-probe episodes and implement a color-switch paradigm in order to resolve the issue. In a series of three identity negative priming experiments with verbal naming response, we determined when NP and positive priming (PP) occur during a trial. The first experiment assessed the impact of target color on priming effects. It consisted of two blocks, each with a different fixed target color. With respect to target color no differential priming effects were found. In Experiment 2 the target color was indicated by a cue for each trial. Here we resolved the confounding of perceptual similarity and priming condition. In trials with coinciding colors for prime and probe, we found priming effects similar to Experiment 1. However, trials with a target color switch showed such effects only in trials with role-reversal (distractor-to-target or target-to-distractor), whereas the positive priming (PP) effect in the target-repetition trials disappeared. Finally, Experiment 3 split trial processing into two phases by presenting the trial-wise color cue only after the stimulus objects had been recognized. We found recognition in every priming condition to be faster than in control trials. We were hence led to the conclusion that PP is strongly affected by perception, in contrast to NP which emerges during selection, i.e., the two effects cannot be explained by a single mechanism.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Zur Invarianz der Struktur des Arbeitsgedächtnisses bei Kindern
Michalczyk, Kurt; Zoelch, Christof; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Book Chapter
| Aus: Hasselhorn, Marcus; Zoelch, Christof (Hrsg.): Funktionsdiagnostik des Arbeitsgedächtnisses | Göttingen: Hogrefe | 2012
32479 Endnote
Author(s):
Michalczyk, Kurt; Zoelch, Christof; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Title:
Zur Invarianz der Struktur des Arbeitsgedächtnisses bei Kindern
In:
Hasselhorn, Marcus; Zoelch, Christof (Hrsg.): Funktionsdiagnostik des Arbeitsgedächtnisses, Göttingen: Hogrefe, 2012 (Test und Trends. N.F., 10), S. 23-35
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Akustische Wahrnehmung; Altersgruppe; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Diagnostik; Differenzielle Psychologie; Entwicklungspsychologie; Forschungsstand; Kind; Kindheit; Modell; Raumvorstellung; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
Dieses Kapitel befasst sich mit der Frage, inwiefern die von Baddeley (1986) beschriebene Struktur des Arbeitsgedächtnisses auch bei Kindem im Alter von 5 bis 12 Jahren gültig ist. Dazu wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand gegeben. Eigene Analysen zur Varianz und Invarianz der Arbeitsgedächtnisstruktur nach Baddeley (1986) belegen, dass die dreigliedrige, hierarchische Struktur des Arbeitsgedächtnisses bereits bei Kindem im Alter von 5 bis 6 Jahren Gültigkeit hat und dass diese über unterschiedliche Altersgruppen (5- bis 6-Jährige, 7- bis 9-Jährige und 10- bis 12-Jährige) weitestgehend invariant ist. Lediglich der Zusammenhang der phonologischen Schleife und der zentralen Exekutive steigt im Übergang vom sechsten zum siebten Lebensjahr an. Diese Konstruktäquivalenz über unterschiedliche Altersgruppen ist Grundlage einer validen Diagnostik der differenziellen Funktionstüchtigkeit des Arbeitsgedächtnisses in der Altersspanne zwischen 5 und 12 Jahren mittels der AGTB 5-12 (Hasselhorn et al., 2012). Sie unterstützt damit die Annahme, dass die AGTB 5-12 auf allen Altersstufen das gleiche Funktionssystem erfasst und ermöglicht damit die Messung entwicklungsbedingter Veränderungen der verschiedenen Funktionsmechanismen des Arbeitsgedächtnisses. Auch ist sie geeignet zur Interpretation von Zusammenhängen des Arbeitsgedächtnisses mit anderen Merkmalen der kognitiven Entwicklung, insbesondere der frühen Identifikation von schulischen Leistungsstörungen anhand defizitärer Teilfunktionen des Arbeitsgedächtnisses.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Competition for cognitive resources during rapid serial processing. changes across childhood
Heim, Sabine; Wirth, Nadine; Keil, Andreas
Journal Article
| In: Frontiers in Psychology | 2011
32003 Endnote
Author(s):
Heim, Sabine; Wirth, Nadine; Keil, Andreas
Title:
Competition for cognitive resources during rapid serial processing. changes across childhood
In:
Frontiers in Psychology, 2 (2011) 9
DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00009
URL:
http://www.frontiersin.org/developmental_psychology/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00009/full
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Aufmerksamkeit; Deutschland; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Informationsverarbeitung; Kind; Kindheit; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Testverfahren; Veränderung; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract (english):
The ability to direct cognitive resources to target objects despite distraction by competing information plays an important role for the development of mental aptitudes and skills. We examined developmental changes of this ability in a cross-sectional design, using the attentional blink (AB) paradigm. The AB is a pronounced impairment of T2 report, which occurs when a first (T1) and second target (T2) embedded in a rapid stimulus sequence are separated by at least one distractor and occur within 500 ms of each other. Two groups of children (6- to 7-year-olds and 10- to 11-year-olds; ns = 21 and 24, respectively) were asked to identify green targets in two AB tasks: one using non-linguistic symbols and the other letters or words. The temporal distance or stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between T1 and T2 varied between no intervening distractor (Lag 1, 116-ms SOA) and up to 7 intervening distractors (Lag 8, 928-ms SOA). In the symbol task, younger children linearly increased T2 identification with increasing lag. Older children, however, displayed a hook-shaped pattern as typically seen in adults, with lowest identification reports in T2 symbols at the critical blink interval (Lag 2, 232-ms SOA), and a slight performance gain for the Lag 1 condition. In the verbal task, the older group again exhibited a prominent drop in T2 identification at Lag 2, whereas the younger group showed a more alleviated and temporally diffuse AB impairment. Taken together, this pattern of results suggests that the control of attention allocation and/or working memory consolidation of targets among distractors represents a cognitive skill that emerges during primary school age.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
On the specificity of face cognition compared with general cognitive functioning across adult age
Hildebrandt, Andrea; Wilhelm, Oliver; Herzmann, Grit; Schmiedek, Florian; Sommer, Werner
Journal Article
| In: Psychology and Aging | 2011
31833 Endnote
Author(s):
Hildebrandt, Andrea; Wilhelm, Oliver; Herzmann, Grit; Schmiedek, Florian; Sommer, Werner
Title:
On the specificity of face cognition compared with general cognitive functioning across adult age
In:
Psychology and Aging, 26 (2011) 3, S. 701-715
DOI:
10.1037/a0023056
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023056
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Altern; Analyse; Gedächtnis; Informationsverarbeitung; Kognitionswissenschaft; Kognitive Prozesse; Lebensalter; Leistungsfähigkeit; Messung; Mimik; Modell; Statistik; Test; Unterschied; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract (english):
Face cognition is considered a specific human ability, clearly differentiable from general cognitive functioning. Its specificity is primarily supported by cognitive-experimental and neuroimaging research, but recently also from an individual differences perspective. However, no comprehensive behavioral data are available, which would allow estimating lifespan changes of the covariance structure of face-cognition abilities and general cognitive functioning as well as age-differences in face cognition after accounting for interindividual variability in general cognition. The present study aimed to fill this gap. In an age-heterogeneous (18 82 years) sample of 448 adults, we found no factorial dedifferentiation between face cognition and general cognition. Age-related differences in face memory were still salient after taking into account changes in general cognitive functioning. Face cognition thus remains a specific human ability compared with general cognition, even until old age. We discuss implications for models of cognitive aging and suggest that it is necessary to include more explicitly special social abilities in those models.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Response retrieval and negative priming: Encoding and retrieval specific effects
Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Herrmann, Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Journal Article
| In: Experimental Psychology | 2011
32304 Endnote
Author(s):
Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Herrmann, Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Title:
Response retrieval and negative priming: Encoding and retrieval specific effects
In:
Experimental Psychology, 58 (2011) 2, S. 154-161
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufmerksamkeit; Auswahl; Erkennen; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Kognitive Prozesse; Neurowissenschaften; Psychologische Forschung; Test; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
In a recent debate concerning the origin of the negative priming (NP) effect, evidence for the involvement of retrieval processes during the prime episode has accumulated. Rothermund, Wentura, and De Houwer (2005) explain the effect as a product of a conflict between retrieved and current response. Since specific properties of the involved encoding and retrieval mechanisms were not investigated so far, we extend the response-retrieval framework by asking if encoding during prime processing and retrieval-specific processes during probe processing have a modulating influence on the priming effects. In an overlapping-picture task experiment with an explicit variation of the role of the objects in prime and probe, we reproduce the response-retrieval-specific Response-retrieval × Priming interaction but find a modulation caused by the role of the repeated object in the probe trial. This modulation manifests in a vanishing interaction when the repeated object is a distractor in the probe. We interpret these findings in support of the response-retrieval theory of NP and conclude that the retrieval mechanism is more flexible than previously believed since it is sensitive to relevance of the repeated object regarding the experimental task.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Micro and macro pattern analyses of FMRI data support both early and late interaction of numerical […]
Koten, Jan Willem; Lonnemann, Jan; Willmes, Klaus; Knops, André
Journal Article
| In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience | 2011
32096 Endnote
Author(s):
Koten, Jan Willem; Lonnemann, Jan; Willmes, Klaus; Knops, André
Title:
Micro and macro pattern analyses of FMRI data support both early and late interaction of numerical and spatial information
In:
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, (2011) , S. 5:115
DOI:
10.3389/fnhum.2011.00115/full
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00115/full
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Clusteranalyse; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Hirnforschung; Kognitive Prozesse; Neuropsychologie; Raumvorstellung; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Zahlensystem
Abstract (english):
Numbers and space are two semantic primitives that interact with each other. Both recruit brain regions along the dorsal pathway, notably parietal cortex. This makes parietal cor- tex a candidate for the origin of numerical spatial interaction. The underlying cognitive architecture of the interaction is still under scrutiny. Two classes of explanations can be dis- tinguished. The early interaction approach assumes that numerical and spatial information are integrated into a single representation at a semantic level. A second approach pos- tulates independent semantic representations. Only at the stage of response selection and preparation these two streams interact. In this study we used a numerical landmark task to identify the locus of the interaction between numbers and space. While lying in an MR scanner participants decided on the smaller of two numerical intervals in a visually presented number triplet. The spatial position of the middle number was varied; hence spatial intervals were congruent or incongruent with the numerical intervals. Responses in incongruent trials were slower and less accurate than in congruent trials. By combining across-vertex correlations (micro pattern) with a cluster analysis (macro pattern) we identi- fied large-scale networks that were devoted to number processing, eye movements, and sensory motor functions. Using support vector classification in different regions of inter- est along the intraparietal sulcus, the frontal eye fields, and supplementary motor area we were able to distinguish between congruent and incongruent trials in each of the networks. We suggest that the identified networks participate in the integration of numerical and spa- tial information and that the exclusive assumption of either an early or a late interaction between numerical and spatial information does not do justice to the complex interaction between both dimensions.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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