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(Personen: "Brod," und "Garvin")
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The influence of prior knowledge on memory: A developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective
Brod, Garvin; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Shing, Yee Lee
Journal Article
| In: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience | 2013
42368 Endnote
Author(s):
Brod, Garvin; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Shing, Yee Lee
Title:
The influence of prior knowledge on memory: A developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective
In:
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7 (2013) , S. 7:139
DOI:
10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00139
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00139
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Abstract:
Across ontogenetic development, individuals gather manifold experiences during which they detect regularities in their environment and thereby accumulate knowledge. This knowledge is used to guide behavior, make predictions, and acquire further new knowledge. In this review, we discuss the influence of prior knowledge on memory from both the psychology and the emerging cognitive neuroscience literature and provide a developmental perspective on this topic. Recent neuroscience findings point to a prominent role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and of the hippocampus (HC) in the emergence of prior knowledge and in its application during the processes of successful memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. We take the lateral PFC into consideration as well and discuss changes in both medial and lateral PFC and HC across development and postulate how these may be related to the development of the use of prior knowledge for remembering. For future direction, we argue that, to measure age differential effects of prior knowledge on memory, it is necessary to distinguish the availability of prior knowledge from its accessibility and use.
Die Entwicklung des episodischen Gedächtnisses. Einsichten aus der Lebensspannenpsychologie
Brod, Garvin; Shing, Yee Lee; Fandakova, Yana; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Lindenberger, Ulman
Working Papers
| 2013
42375 Endnote
Author(s):
Brod, Garvin; Shing, Yee Lee; Fandakova, Yana; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Lindenberger, Ulman
Title:
Die Entwicklung des episodischen Gedächtnisses. Einsichten aus der Lebensspannenpsychologie
Published:
Berlin: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 2013 (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 2011/2012)
URL:
https://www.mpg.de/7008522/MPIB_JB_20131.pdf
Publication Type:
5. Arbeits- und Diskussionspapiere; Arbeits- und Diskussionspapier (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Abstract:
Forscher am Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung untersuchen vergleichend das episodische Gedächtnis von Kindern und Erw achsenen verschiedener Altersgruppen und betrachten es somit aus einer Lebensspannenperspektive. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Kinder und ältere Erwachsene trotz ähnlicher Leistungen in den diesen Leistungen zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen deutlich voneinander unterscheiden. Mit einem Zwei-Komponenten-Modell der Entw icklung des episodischen Gedächtnisses werden diese Unterschiede erfasst.
Abstract (english):
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development directly compare episodic memory performance in children, younger adults, and older adults. The studies reveal that children and older adultsdiffer in the mechanisms that support episodic memory even w hen performance levels are similar. In a two component model of episodic memory the researchers attempt to capture these age-graded differences in underlining mechanisms, and demonstrate its utility for developmental research.
Does it really matter? Separating the effects of musical training on syntax acquisition
Brod, Garvin; Opitz, Bertram
Journal Article
| In: Frontiers in Psychology | 2012
42369 Endnote
Author(s):
Brod, Garvin; Opitz, Bertram
Title:
Does it really matter? Separating the effects of musical training on syntax acquisition
In:
Frontiers in Psychology, (2012) , S. 3:543
DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00543
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00543/full
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Abstract:
The possible transfer of musical expertise to the acquisition of syntactical structures in first and second language has emerged recently as an intriguing topic in the research of cognitive processes. However, it is unlikely that the benefits of musical training extend equally to the acquisition of all syntactical structures. As cognitive transfer presumably requires overlapping processing components and brain regions involved in these processing components, one can surmise that transfer between musical ability and syntax acquisition would be limited to structural elements that are shared between the two. We propose that musical expertise transfers only to the processing of recursive long-distance dependencies inherent in hierarchical syntactic structures. In this study, we taught fifty-six participants with widely varying degrees of musical expertise the artificial language BROCANTO, which allows the direct comparison of long-distance and local dependencies. We found that the quantity of musical training (measured in accumulated hours of practice and instruction) explained unique variance in performance in the long-distance dependency condition only. These data suggest that musical training facilitates the acquisition specifically of hierarchical syntactic structures.
Is 26+26 smaller than 24+28? Estimating the approximate magnitude of repeated vs. different numbers
Charras, Pom; Brod, Garvin; Lupianez, Juan
Journal Article
| In: Attention, Perception & Psychophysics | 2012
42370 Endnote
Author(s):
Charras, Pom; Brod, Garvin; Lupianez, Juan
Title:
Is 26+26 smaller than 24+28? Estimating the approximate magnitude of repeated vs. different numbers
In:
Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 74 (2012) 1, S. 163-173
DOI:
10.3758/s13414-011-0217-4
URL:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758%2Fs13414-011-0217-4
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Abstract:
It has recently been suggested that regardless of the dimension at hand (i.e., numerosity, length, time), similar operational mechanisms are involved in the comparison process based on approximate magnitude representation. One piece of evidence for this hypothesis lies in the presence of similar behavioral effects for any comparison (i.e., the distance effect). In the case of length comparison, the comparison process can be biased by summation toward either an underestimation or an overestimation: The sum of equal-size stimuli is underestimated, whereas the sum of different-size stimuli is overestimated. Relying on the hypothesis that similar operational mechanisms underlie the comparison process of any magnitude, we aim at extending these findings to another magnitude dimension. A number comparison task with digit numbers was used in the two experiments reported presently. The objective was to investigate whether summation also biases magnitude representation of numerical and symbolic information. The results provided evidence that the summation bias can also apply to numerical magnitude comparison, since the sum of repeated numbers (26 + 26) was underestimated whereas the sum of different numbers (24 + 28) was overestimated. We propose that these effects could be accounted for by a heuristic linking cognitive effort and magnitude estimation.
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