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Within-person effects of inclusion and exclusion on well-being in daily life Bernstein, Michael; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Benfield, Jacob A.; Potter, Lindey; Smyth, Joshua M. Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Personal Relationships | 2021 41485 Endnote: Autor*innen: Bernstein, Michael; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Benfield, Jacob A.; Potter, Lindey; Smyth, Joshua M.
Titel: Within-person effects of inclusion and exclusion on well-being in daily life
In: Personal Relationships, 28 (2021) 4, S. 940-960
DOI: 10.1111/pere.12399
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pere.12399
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung; Soziale Beziehung; Inklusion; Ausgrenzung; Wirkung; Emotionaler Zustand; Alltag; Wohlbefinden; Angst; Depression; Selbstwertgefühl; Soziale Interaktion; Student; Befragung; Mehrebenenanalyse
Abstract: Whether exclusion hurts or inclusion feels good is debated within social psychology, and research designs often compare people who are excluded from those who are included. Here, we examined how participants differ when they are excluded or included relative to when they are not engaging in social interactions. Participants completed an ecological momentary assessment study (7 days, six measures a day). Participants indicated if they were having a social interaction, whether the interaction was inclusionary or exclusionary, and their mood and basic needs. We found that when people were excluded, relative to no interaction, they had lower basic needs and worsened mood; the reverse was true during inclusion episodes. We also found that the within-person effect of exclusion was larger than the within-person effect of inclusion and that exclusion experiences were relatively uncommon (≈10% of all reported social interactions). Future research and the importance of examining within-person effects are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Change in mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of appraisals and daily […] Brose, Annette; Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Schmiedek, Florian; Kramer, Andrea C.; Schmidt, Andrea; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Journal of Personality | 2021 40575 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Schmiedek, Florian; Kramer, Andrea C.; Schmidt, Andrea; Neubauer, Andreas B.
Titel: Change in mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of appraisals and daily life experiences
In: Journal of Personality, 89 (2021) 3, S. 468-482
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12592
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopy.12592
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Emotionaler Zustand; Bewertung; Pandemie; Stress; Wohlbefinden; Achtsamkeit; Psychohygiene; Alltag; Erfahrung; Empirische Untersuchung; Tagebuch; Pretest; Deutschland
Abstract: Intro: When confronted with major threats, people often experience decline in well‐being. The central purpose of this study was to identify mechanisms underlying change of well‐being in times of threat, using the example of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a focus on appraisals of the pandemic and affective states, stress, as well as mindfulness in daily life. Methods: We conducted a study across 3.5 weeks, including pretest, posttest, and a diary phase in‐between. We worked with a sample of 460 adults, pre‐ and post‐test information, as well as 7189 observations from the diary phase. Results: Results showed that deterioration in mental health symptoms across the duration of the study was associated with (a) change towards less fortunate appraisals of the pandemic and (b), more negative affect and less mindfulness in daily life. Furthermore, appraisals of the pandemic at pretest predicted experiences in daily life, with more negative appraisals of the pandemic predicting more negative affect and stressor occurrence as well as less mindfulness. Discussion: These findings speak to the dynamic nature of well‐being and appraisals in times of threat, and highlight the role of experiences in daily life in changes in well‐being. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Reciprocal relations of subjective sleep quality and affective well-being in late childhood Neubauer, Andreas B.; Kramer, Andrea C.; Schmidt, Andrea; Könen, Tanja; Dirk, Judith; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Developmental Psychology | 2021 41323 Endnote: Autor*innen: Neubauer, Andreas B.; Kramer, Andrea C.; Schmidt, Andrea; Könen, Tanja; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Reciprocal relations of subjective sleep quality and affective well-being in late childhood
In: Developmental Psychology, 57 (2021) 8, S. 1372-1386
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001209
URL: http://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001209
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Deutschland; Kind; Grundschulalter; Schlaf; Qualität; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden; Negativität; Subjektivität; Affekt; Tagesablauf; Emotionaler Zustand; Messverfahren; Test; Mehrebenenanalyse; Strukturgleichungsmodell
Abstract: High sleep quality has been associated with beneficial outcomes across the life span. Intensive longitudinal studies suggest that these beneficial effects can also be observed on a day-to-day level. However, the dynamic interplay between subjective sleep quality and affective well-being in children's daily life has only rarely been investigated. The aims of the present work were (a) to replicate findings from a prior ambulatory assessment study in this area (Könen et al., 2016), (b) to explore the effect of subjective sleep quality on well-being throughout the day, and (c) to examine the reciprocal relation between subjective sleep quality and well-being in more detail. Data from two ambulatory assessment studies with children between 8 and 11 years (N = 108/84, with assessments over 28/21 consecutive days) consistently showed that positive affect was higher and negative affect was lower after nights with better sleep quality, and that the effects of subjective sleep quality were stronger on well-being assessed in the morning compared with later in the day. Results from dynamic structural equation models revealed reciprocal effects of subjective sleep quality and positive affect. Negative affect was not consistently related to worse subsequent sleep quality after controlling for positive affect and prior night's sleep quality. Results suggest a close relation of sleep quality and positive affect, which strengthens the idea behind interventions targeting both, children's sleep and well-being. Differences between children in the dynamic interplay between sleep and affect may be important predictors of long-term outcomes. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

The power of everyday peer relatedness in predicting subjective well-being after school transition Schmidt, Andrea; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie | 2021 41619 Endnote: Autor*innen: Schmidt, Andrea; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: The power of everyday peer relatedness in predicting subjective well-being after school transition
In: Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 52 (2021) 3/4, S. 64-74
DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000220
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1026/0049-8637/a000220
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Gymnasium; Weiterführende Schule; Übergang; Schüler; Wohlbefinden; Peergroup; Soziale Beziehung; Gemeinschaft; Ausgrenzung; Affekt; Emotion; Anpassung; Verhaltensauffälligkeit; Schulangst; Zufriedenheit; Frustration; Forschungsprojekt; Schuljahr 05; Messung; Smartphone; Lehrer; Fragebogen; Datenanalyse; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Mehrebenenanalyse; Hessen; Deutschland
Abstract: Der Übergang an die weiterführende Schule stellt ein kritisches Lebensereignis für viele Kinder dar. Diese Studie untersuchte 108 Kinder (M=10.11 Jahre, SD=0.44) in Deutschland innerhalb der ersten 12 Wochen nach dem Übergang ans Gymnasium. Tägliche Erfüllung und Frustration des Bedürfnisses nach sozialer Zugehörigkeit in die Klassengemeinschaft dienten als Prädiktoren der Verläufe kindlichen Wohlbefindens sowie psychologischer Anpassung/Psychopathologie. Subjektives Wohlbefinden wurde in den Wochen 3 - 4 sowie in Woche 11 des Schuljahres erhoben. Dazwischen berichteten Kinder über 4 Wochen hinweg täglich ihre wahrgenommene soziale Eingebundenheit und Ausgrenzung in der Schule. Lehrkräfte berichteten die psychologische Anpassung/Psychopathologie jedes Kindes in den Wochen 11 - 12. Tägliche soziale Eingebundenheit ging mit einem Anstieg des positiven Affekts von Woche 3/4 zu Woche 11 einher, während tägliche soziale Ausgrenzung Anstiege des negativen Affekts und der Schulangst vorhersagte. Höhere soziale Eingebundenheit hing mit geringeren Lehrkraft-berichteten emotionalen Symptomen und Problemen mit Gleichaltrigen zusammen, während höhere soziale Ausgrenzung stärkere Verhaltensprobleme und Hyperaktivität-Unaufmerksamkeit vorhersagte. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): The transition from primary to secondary school represents a challenging life event. This study examined 108 children (age M = 10.11 years, SD = 0.44) in Germany during the first 12 weeks at a new school. Daily satisfaction and frustration of the basic need for relatedness were examined as predictors of subjective well-being versus ill-being and adjustment versus psychopathology. Subjective well-being or ill-being was assessed at weeks 3 - 4 and week 11 of the school year. In between, there was a 4-week period of daily assessments of perceived relatedness satisfaction and frustration. Teachers indicated each child's psychological adjustment or psychopathology (e. g., emotional symptoms) in weeks 11 - 12. Daily relatedness satisfaction was associated with increases in positive affect from weeks 3 - 4 to week 11, while daily relatedness frustration was linked to an increase in negative affect and school anxiety. Furthermore, daily relatedness satisfaction was negatively linked to teacher-reported emotional symptoms and peer problems at weeks 11 - 12, and daily relatedness frustration was positively associated with teacher-reported conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Sprach- und Schriftsprachförderung wirksam gestalten. Innovative Konzepte und Forschungsimpulse Titz, Cora; Weber, Susanne; Wagner, Hanna; Ropeter, Anna; Geyer, Sabrina; Hasselhorn, Marcus (Hrsg.) Sammelband | Stuttgart: Kohlhammer | 2020 40005 Endnote: Herausgeber*innen: Titz, Cora; Weber, Susanne; Wagner, Hanna; Ropeter, Anna; Geyer, Sabrina; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Sprach- und Schriftsprachförderung wirksam gestalten. Innovative Konzepte und Forschungsimpulse
Erscheinungsvermerk: Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2020 (Bildung durch Sprache und Schrift, 4)
Dokumenttyp: 2. Herausgeberschaft; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Grundschullehrer; Lehrerfortbildung; Fachunterricht; Wortschatz; Grundschüler; Schüler; Sekundarstufe I; Lesekompetenz; Schreibkompetenz; Spracherziehung; Evaluation; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland; Sprachförderung; Konzeption; Schriftsprache; Sprachentwicklung; Kindertagesstätte; Erzieher; Professionalisierung; Lernstrategie; Denken; Emotion; Sprechen; Dialog; Frühkindliche Bildung; Kind; Interaktion; Typologie; Grundschule; Sachunterricht
Abstract: Der Band stellt die BiSS-Entwicklungsprojekte vor. Diese haben das Ziel innovative und theoretisch fundierte Konzepte und Maßnahmen in der Sprachbildung, -förderung und Schriftsprachförderung zu erproben und zu optimieren. Sie schließen Forschungslücken zu Förderideen, die zwar aus theoretischer Sicht vielversprechend erscheinen, die aber bislang nicht praktisch umgesetzt wurden oder zu denen es wenig empirische Evidenzen gibt. Die einzelnen Kapitel des Bandes stellen Projekte aus dem Elementar-, Primar- und Sekundarbereich vor. Diskutiert werden deren theoretischer Hintergrund, die empirischen Befunde und die Nutzbarkeit der Ergebnisse für die Praxis. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Personality, cognitive ability, and academic performance. Differential associations across school […] Brandt, Naemi D.; Lechner, Clemens M.; Tetzner, Julia; Rammstedt, Beatrice Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Journal of Personality | 2020 40967 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brandt, Naemi D.; Lechner, Clemens M.; Tetzner, Julia; Rammstedt, Beatrice
Titel: Personality, cognitive ability, and academic performance. Differential associations across school subjects and school tracks
In: Journal of Personality, 88 (2020) 2, S. 249-265
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12482
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jopy.12482
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Schüler; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Persönlichkeit; Kognitive Kompetenz; Intelligenz; Emotionale Kompetenz; Schulerfolg; Schulform; Unterrichtsfach; Deutschunterricht; Mathematikunterricht; Schuljahr 09; Einflussfaktor; Gymnasium; Realschule; Berufsschule; Schülerleistung; Test; Panel; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Deutschland;
Abstract: Aim: Personality traits and cognitive ability are well‐established predictors of academic performance. Yet, how consistent and generalizable are the associations between personality, cognitive ability, and performance? Building on theoretical arguments that trait-performance relations should vary depending on the demands and opportunities for trait expression in the learning environment, we investigated whether the associations of personality (Big Five) and cognitive ability (fluid intelligence) with academic performance (grades and tests scores) vary across school subjects (German and math) and across ability‐grouped school tracks (academic, intermediate, and vocational). Method: Multiple group structural equation models in a large representative sample of ninth‐grade students (N = 12,915) from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Results: Differential associations across school subjects emerged for cognitive ability, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness (math > German); and for Openness and Extraversion (German > math). Differential associations across school tracks emerged for cognitive ability, Conscientiousness (academic > intermediate > vocational) and Agreeableness (academic > intermediate > vocational). Personality traits explained more variation in academic performance in the academic than in the other tracks. Conclusion: Most trait-performance relations varied across subjects, tracks, or both. These findings highlight the need for more nuanced and context‐minded perspective on trait-performance relations. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens

The measurement of within-person affect variation Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian; Gerstorf, Denis; Voelkle, Manuel C. Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Emotion | 2020 39994 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian; Gerstorf, Denis; Voelkle, Manuel C.
Titel: The measurement of within-person affect variation
In: Emotion, 20 (2020) 4, S. 677-699
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000583
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-206192
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/20619/pdf/Emotion_2020_4_Brose_et_al_Measurement_of_within-person_affect_variation_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Emotion; Emotionaler Zustand; Veränderung; Messung; Erhebungsinstrument; Messverfahren; Reliabilität; Validität; Qualität; Konzeption; Vergleich; Empirische Forschung; Forschungsstand; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Literaturbericht
Abstract: The number of intensive longitudinal studies that investigate affective experiences at the within-person rather than the between-person level is rapidly increasing. This paradigmatic shift comes with new challenges, such as questions revolving around how to measure within-person affect variation or more fundamental questions about the reliability and validity of constructs at the within-person level. We provide a review of substantive research published in Emotion since 2005, which revealed that to date no consensus has been established on measurement instruments for assessing within-person affective experiences. Our review also showed that researchers who are interested in within-person affect variation sometimes rely on measurement instruments that were established at the between-person level, which we think should be reconsidered. Finally, reliability estimates of state variation have been developed but are not comprehensively reported in studies on within-person affect variation. The purpose of this article is therefore to alert the reader to these issues and to highlight relevant criteria for selecting items and measurement instruments when studying within-person affect variation in intensive longitudinal studies. We recommend establishing common standards for measuring within-person affect variation and drawing from a common pool of instruments, which would allow direct comparison of results across studies. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of […] Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Behavior Research Methods | 2020 40426 Endnote: Autor*innen: Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of imageability and emotionality for about 2500 German nouns
In: Behavior Research Methods, 52 (2020) , S. 980-989
DOI: 10.3758/s13428-019-01294-2
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Vorstellung <Psy>; Emotion; Wort; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden; Kognitive Kompetenz; Gedächtnis; Leistungsfähigkeit; Semantik; Phonologie; Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: Imageability and emotionality ratings for 2592 German nouns (3-10 letters, one to three phonological syllables) were obtained from younger adults (21-31 years) and older adults (70-86 years). Valid ratings were obtained on average from 20 younger and 23 older adults per word for imageability, and from 18 younger and 19 older adults per word for emotionality. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and retest rank-order stability of the ratings were high for both age groups (α and r ≥ .97). Also, the validity of our ratings was found to be high, as compared to previously published ratings (r ≥ .86). The ratings showed substantial rank-order stability across younger and older adults (imageability, r = .94; emotionality, r = .85). At the same time, systematic differences between age groups were found in the mean levels of ratings (imageability, d = 0.38; emotionality, d = 0.20) and in the extent to which the rating scales were used (imageability, SD = 24 vs. 19, scale of 0 to 100; emotionality, SD = 26 vs. 31, scale of −100 to 100). At the descriptive level, our data hint at systematically different evaluations of semantic categories regarding imageability and emotionality across younger and older adults. Given that imageability and emotionality have been reported, for instance, as important determinants for the recognition and recall of words, our findings highlight the importance of considering age-specific information in age-comparative cognitive (neuroscience) experimental studies using word materials. The age-specific imageability and emotionality ratings for the 2592 German nouns can be found in the electronic supplementary material 1. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

From music making to affective well-being in everyday life. The mediating role of need satisfaction Koehler, Friederike; Neubauer, Andreas B. Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts | 2020 39212 Endnote: Autor*innen: Koehler, Friederike; Neubauer, Andreas B.
Titel: From music making to affective well-being in everyday life. The mediating role of need satisfaction
In: Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 14 (2020) 4, S. 493-505
DOI: 10.1037/aca0000261
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-230916
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-230916
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Musik; Wirkung; Gesundheit; Wohlbefinden; Singen; Musikinstrument; Zufriedenheit; Emotionaler Zustand; Selbstkompetenz; Musiktherapie; Tagesablauf; Tagebuch; Selbstbestimmung; Messverfahren; Befragung; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Deutschland
Abstract (english): How music can provide a pathway to affective well-being has mostly been investigated with regard to listening to music or music therapy. Comparatively, less is known about the effects of active music making on well-being in everyday life or its underlying mechanisms. Self-Determination Theory emphasizes the importance of fulfillment of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness for well-being and offers a valuable framework for explaining the postulated link between music making and well-being. In the present daily diary study, 1,042 hobby musicians (age range 13 to 82 years; 65.3% female) completed online assessments of their music making, need fulfillment, and positive and negative affect each day for 10 consecutive days. Results showed that need satisfaction and positive affect were higher, while need dissatisfaction and negative affect were lower on days when participants reported music making. Multilevel structural equation models indicated that the effect of music making on positive affect was mediated by satisfaction of all three needs, with statistically significant indirect effects via autonomy and competence at both the within- and between person level, and relatedness only at the between-person level. There were no statistically significant mediation effects for negative affect. This study is the first to provide evidence for higher affective well-being of hobby musicians on days of music making. Results further suggest satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediating mechanism and emphasize the importance to distinguish between indicators of positive functioning (positive affect, need satisfaction) and negative functioning (negative affect, need dissatisfaction). (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Assessing social, emotional, and intercultural competences of students and school staff. A […] Müller, Fabian; Denk, Albert; Lubaway, Emily; Sälzer, Christine; Kozina, Ana; Vršnik Perše, Tina; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Educational Research Review | 2020 39701 Endnote: Autor*innen: Müller, Fabian; Denk, Albert; Lubaway, Emily; Sälzer, Christine; Kozina, Ana; Vršnik Perše, Tina; Rasmusson, Maria; Jugović, Ivana; Lund Nielsen, Birgitte; Rozman, Mojca; Ojsteršek, Aleš; Jurko, Svetlana
Titel: Assessing social, emotional, and intercultural competences of students and school staff. A systematic literature review
In: Educational Research Review, 29 (2020) , S. 100304
DOI: 10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100304
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-190670
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-190670
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Soziale Kompetenz; Emotionale Intelligenz; Interkulturelle Kompetenz; Bewertung; Messinstrument; Literaturbericht; Literaturrecherche; Systematic Review
Abstract: The inclusion of social, emotional, and intercultural competences (SEI) in academic contexts has been supported by international organizations, such as the European Union, the United Nations, and the OECD, since the early 2000s. However, little information is yet available regarding the assessment of these competences. This paper shares the findings of a systematic literature review that produced an inventory of existing tools for the assessment of SEI competences of students and school staff. This is the first time assessment tools for these three competences have been concurrently reviewed. An interdisciplinary and international research team conducted this systematic literature review in the databases of ERIC, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Scopus, and Web of Science. Out of 13,963 articles, 149 assessment tools were examined and processed. In addition to the instrument analysis and a detailed description of the procedure, this article shows the basic theoretical concepts, as well as the limitations, of such a review. It was found that 1) the majority of the discovered instruments rely on self-reported survey and inventory data, 2) of the three competences, intercultural competence had the fewest relevant instruments, and 3) very few tools have been created to assess all three competences together. From this review, it is apparent that a wider variety of assessment tools (other than self-reports), as well as more comprehensive tools (e.g. qualitative analysis of vignettes) for the assessment of all three SEI competences, should be developed to meet international demand. The results of the literature review are available and freely accessible in the form of an assessment catalogue. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation