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Controlling speed in component skills of reading improves the explanation of reading comprehension Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Journal of Educational Psychology | 2021 41462 Endnote: Autor*innen: Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul
Titel: Controlling speed in component skills of reading improves the explanation of reading comprehension
In: Journal of Educational Psychology, 113 (2021) 5, S. 861-878
DOI: 10.1037/edu0000655
URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/edu0000655
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Lesekompetenz; Fertigkeit; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistung; Antwort; Zeit; Wort; Semantik; Text; Leseverstehen; PISA <Programme for International Student Assessment>; Schüler; Messverfahren; Test; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the latent variables of ability and speed. Interpreting only ability or speed as efficiency may be misleading because there is a within-person dependency between both variables (speed-ability tradeoff [SAT]). Therefore, the present study measures efficiency as ability conditional on speed by controlling speed experimentally with item-level time limits. The proposed timed ability measures of reading component skills are expected to have a clearer interpretation in terms of efficiency and to be better predictors for reading comprehension. To support this claim, this study investigates two component skills, visual word recognition and sentence-level semantic integration (sentence reading), to understand how differences in ability in a timed condition are related to differences in ability and speed in a traditional untimed condition. Moreover, untimed and timed reading component skill measures were used to explain reading comprehension. A German subsample from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 completed the reading component skills tasks with and without item-level time limits and PISA reading tasks. The results showed that timed ability is only moderately related to untimed ability. Furthermore, timed ability measures proved to be stronger predictors of sentence-level and text-level reading comprehension than the corresponding untimed ability and speed measures, although using untimed ability and speed jointly as predictors increased the amount of explained variance.
Abstract (english): Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the latent variables of ability and speed. Interpreting only ability or speed as efficiency may be misleading because there is a within-person dependency between both variables (speed-ability tradeoff [SAT]). Therefore, the present study measures efficiency as ability conditional on speed by controlling speed experimentally with item-level time limits. The proposed timed ability measures of reading component skills are expected to have a clearer interpretation in terms of efficiency and to be better predictors for reading comprehension. To support this claim, this study investigates two component skills, visual word recognition and sentence-level semantic integration (sentence reading), to understand how differences in ability in a timed condition are related to differences in ability and speed in a traditional untimed condition. Moreover, untimed and timed reading component skill measures were used to explain reading comprehension. A German subsample from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 completed the reading component skills tasks with and without item-level time limits and PISA reading tasks. The results showed that timed ability is only moderately related to untimed ability. Furthermore, timed ability measures proved to be stronger predictors of sentence-level and text-level reading comprehension than the corresponding untimed ability and speed measures, although using untimed ability and speed jointly as predictors increased the amount of explained variance.
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen

Automated and controlled processes in comprehending multiple documents Hahnel, Carolin; Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula; Schoor, Cornelia Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Studies in Higher Education | 2021 41420 Endnote: Autor*innen: Hahnel, Carolin; Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula; Schoor, Cornelia
Titel: Automated and controlled processes in comprehending multiple documents
In: Studies in Higher Education, 46 (2021) 10, S. 2074-2086
DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2021.1953333
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03075079.2021.1953333
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Student; Lesen; Dokument; Vielfalt; Informationsverarbeitung; Verhalten; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Kognitive Prozesse; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leseverstehen; Kognitive Kompetenz; Test; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Datenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: The study investigates automated and controlled cognitive processes that occur when university students read multiple documents (MDs). We examined data of 401 students dealing with two MD sets in a digital environment. Performance was assessed through several comprehension questions. Recorded log data gave indications about students' time allocation, corroboration, and sourcing. Independent measures were used for reading speed to tap the effects of automatic processing and for working memory and single-text reading comprehension to tap effects of controlled processing, with working memory considered the mental capacity for performing controlled processing. We found that faster readers completed the MD tasks faster and showed more corroboration behavior. At the same time, students skilled in comprehension allocated more time to processing MD tasks and were more likely to show MD-specific behaviors of corroboration and sourcing. Students' success in MD tasks was predicted by reading speed and working memory, with the effect of working memory being mediated by single-text comprehension. Behavioral indicators contributed independently in predicting students' MD comprehension. Results suggest that reading MDs resembles a problem-solving situation where students need to engage in controlled, non-routine processing to build up a comprehensive representation of MDs and benefit from highly automated, lower-level reading processes. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen

Integrating information from multiple texts relates to pre-service teachers' epistemic products for […] Hartmann, Ulrike; Kindlinger, Marcus; Trempler, Kati Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Teaching and Teacher Education | 2021 40622 Endnote: Autor*innen: Hartmann, Ulrike; Kindlinger, Marcus; Trempler, Kati
Titel: Integrating information from multiple texts relates to pre-service teachers' epistemic products for reflective teaching practice.
In: Teaching and Teacher Education, 97 (2021) 1, S. 103205
DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2020.103205
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0742051X20313962?via%3Dihub
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Lehrerausbildung; Referendariat; Text; Quelle; Integration; Reflexion <Phil>; Referendar; Kompetenz; Unterrichtsvorbereitung; Experte; Bewertung; Qualitative Forschung; Inhaltsanalyse
Abstract (english): Integrating information from multiple texts is a core aspect of pre-service teachers' preparation for reflective teaching practice. This study connects research on multiple text use with teachers' epistemic reflexivity. Using qualitative content analysis, we investigate how information is integrated to explain real pedagogical situations in essays by 87 pre-service teachers. Competent text integration was related to a higher number of reflexive statements. These analyses are supplemented with an expert rating, showing that essays with competent text integration were rated higher on the quality of their conclusions for professional teaching practice than those without substantial text integration.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation

Ready to teach? A profile analysis on cognitive and motivational-affective teacher characteristics […] Holzberger, Doris; Maurer, Christina; Kunina-Habenicht, Olga; Kunter, Mareike Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Teaching and Teacher Education | 2021 40992 Endnote: Autor*innen: Holzberger, Doris; Maurer, Christina; Kunina-Habenicht, Olga; Kunter, Mareike
Titel: Ready to teach? A profile analysis on cognitive and motivational-affective teacher characteristics at the end of pre-service teacher education and long-term effects on teachers' occupational well-being
In: Teaching and Teacher Education, 100 (2021) , S. 103285
DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2021.103285
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0742051X21000093
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Lehramtsstudent; Eigenschaft; Vorbereitungsdienst; Kompetenz; Wissen; Einstellung <Psy>; Überzeugung; Wirkung; Lehrer; Arbeitszufriedenheit; Wohlbefinden; Deutschland
Abstract: The present study explores how multiple teacher characteristics (i.e., knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and self-regulation) co-occur within 649 German teacher candidates at the end of pre-service teacher education and how these profiles are related to teachers' future occupational well-being. A latent profile analysis identified one highly knowledgeable and engaged profile, one profile with below average knowledge, and one profile with below average beliefs, motivation, and self-regulation. These profiles also differed in their emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Thefindings emphasize how teacher candidates differ qualitatively in their pattern of "starting competence" what may have consequences with regard to specific interventions.
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen

Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration […] Korinth, Sebastian; Nagler, Telse Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Language and Linguistics Compass | 2021 41072 Endnote: Autor*innen: Korinth, Sebastian; Nagler, Telse
Titel: Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration approach
In: Language and Linguistics Compass, 15 (2021) 3, S. e12408
DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12408
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lnc3.12408
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Empirische Forschung; Lesen; Leseverstehen; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Leistungssteigerung; Lesekompetenz; Schulanfänger; Unterrichtsmethode; Wirkung; Validität; Messverfahren; Aufmerksamkeit; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Einflussfaktor; Grundschüler; Sprache; Forschungsstand
Abstract (english): The reading acceleration phenomenon refers to the effect that experimentally induced time constraints can generate instantaneous improvements of reading rate, accuracy and comprehension among typical and reading impaired readers of different age groups. An overview of studies applying the fading manipulation (i.e., letters are erased in reading direction), which induces the time constraints causing the acceleration phenomenon, is provided in the first part of this review. The second part summarises the outcomes of studies using a training approach called the reading acceleration program (RAP) that integrated core principles of the acceleration phenomenon to generate persistent reading performance improvements. Our review shows ample evidence for the validity of the acceleration phenomenon, since it has been replicated across various languages and populations. However, although there are several explanatory approaches for underlying mechanisms, none of them is well substantiated by empirical evidence so far. Similarly, although generally positive effects of RAP training were reported for several languages and groups of readers, the exact mechanisms causing improved reading rates and comprehension are not well understood. Our critical discussion points out several limitations of RAP that call for further research. However, we also highlight several benefits regarding RAP's potential as an intervention approach for enhancements in reading performance. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Segregierte Schulmilieus, variierende Unterrichtsbedingungen und Lernleistungen der Schülerinnen […] Kraus, Thorben; Weishaupt, Horst; Hosenfeld, Ingmar Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Zeitschrift für Grundschulforschung | 2021 40945 Endnote: Autor*innen: Kraus, Thorben; Weishaupt, Horst; Hosenfeld, Ingmar
Titel: Segregierte Schulmilieus, variierende Unterrichtsbedingungen und Lernleistungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Eine Analyse mit Daten der Grundschulen in Rheinland-Pfalz 2015/16
In: Zeitschrift für Grundschulforschung, 14 (2021) 1, S. 129-148
DOI: 10.1007/s42278-020-00102-7
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs42278-020-00102-7
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Bedingung; Deutschland; Grundschule; Korrelation; Lernen; Lernstandserhebung; Leseverstehen; Mathematische Kompetenz; Migrationshintergrund; Milieu; Modellbildung; Papier-Bleistift-Test; Personal; Rheinland-Pfalz; Schule; Schüler; Schülerleistung; Schulorganisation; Schulstatistik; Segregation; Sonderpädagogischer Förderbedarf; Soziale Benachteiligung; Sprache; Unterricht
Abstract: Auf der Grundlage der VERA3-Daten der Grundschulen in Rheinland-Pfalz wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der sozialen Zusammensetzung der Schülerinnen und Schüler der einzelnen Schulen und den durchschnittlichen Leistungen im Leseverstehen und in Mathematik analysiert. Besonders interessiert der vermittelnde Einfluss der schulstatistisch erfassten schul- und unterrichtsorganisatorischen Bedingungen, weil sie - im Gegensatz zu der familiären Situation der Schülerinnen und Schüler - schulpolitisch beeinflusst werden können. Neben deskriptiven Befunden wird ein Pfadmodell berechnet, in das die schulorganisatorischen Variablen als vermittelnde Prozessvariablen des Zusammenhangs zwischen Merkmalen der Schülerschaft und den gemessenen durchschnittlichen Leistungen enthalten sind. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): Drawing on data from the VERA3 study of primary schools in Rhineland-Palatinate, the authors analyze the correlation between social compositions of students in individual schools and average reading and mathematics achievement. Particular attention is paid to the mediating influence of school statistically relevant conditions of school and instructional organization, which - other than the family background - can be influenced by educational policy-making. Alongside presenting descriptive findings, the authors calculate a path model which contains the school organizational variables as mediating process variables of the correlation between student population variables and measured average achievement. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens

Wie sind die Kenntnisse pädagogischer Fachkräfte zu Diagnostik und Förderung einzuschätzen? Peters, Svenja; Höltge, Lea; Buchholz, Janine; Hartmann, Ulrike; Ehm, Jan-Henning; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Frühe Bildung | 2021 41015 Endnote: Autor*innen: Peters, Svenja; Höltge, Lea; Buchholz, Janine; Hartmann, Ulrike; Ehm, Jan-Henning; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Wie sind die Kenntnisse pädagogischer Fachkräfte zu Diagnostik und Förderung einzuschätzen?
In: Frühe Bildung, 10 (2021) 1, S. 39-48
DOI: 10.1026/2191-9186/a000503
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1026/2191-9186/a000503
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Erzieher; Fachkraft; Diagnostik; Förderung; Kind; Vorschulalter; Schulreife; Kompetenz; Kindergarten; Kindertagesstätte; Frühkindliche Bildung; Einstellung <Psy>; Belastung; Wahrnehmung; Wissen; Sprache; Mathematik; Beobachtung; Dokumentation; Vignette <Methode>; Fallbeispiel; Latent-Class-Analyse; Deutschland
Abstract: Diagnostik und Förderung werden zunehmend als Bestandteile professioneller Bildungsarbeit in Kitas anerkannt. Ihre Umsetzung bedarf entsprechender Kompetenzen. In einer Fragebogenstudie wurden Kenntnisse zu Diagnostik und Förderung von 285 pädagogischen Fachkräften mittels einer Fallvignette untersucht. Die schriftlichen Antworten gaben erste Hinweise darauf, über welche diagnostischen und förderbezogenen Kenntnisse sie in den Bereichen Sprache und Mathematik verfügen. Durch latente Klassenanalysen wurden fünf Fachkraftgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Kenntnissen identifiziert. Diese zeigten sich entweder vorwiegend austauschorientiert (C1), vorwiegend ideenlos (C2), vorwiegend beobachtungs- und förderorientiert (C3), vorwiegend förderorientiert (C4) oder vorwiegend beobachtungs- und austauschorientiert (C5). Die Gruppen unterschieden sich u.a. hinsichtlich der Einstellungen gegenüber Diagnostik sowie der wahrgenommenen beruflichen Belastung. Konsequenzen für die Professionalisierung pädagogischer Fachkräfte sowie für zukünftige Forschung werden diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): Diagnostics and instructional support are key components of professional early education, and are associated with specific competencies. To contribute to this field of research, we conducted a survey study with 285 early childhood educators. Educators' knowledge of diagnostics and instructional support regarding children's language and mathematic development was assessed by a case vignette. Latent class analysis identified five groups of educators differing with regard to their knowledge. Their written answers were characterized by either pointing out cooperation with others (C1), a lack of one's own ideas (C2), emphasizing both observation and support methods (C3), a focus on support methods (C4), or focusing on methods of observation and cooperation (C5). Moreover, these groups differed in other facets of professional competencies and structural features. Significant differences were revealed regarding their beliefs toward assessment of skills and their individual stress level. Implications for professional development and further research are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung; Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen

Measuring system competence in education for sustainable development Roczen, Nina; Fischer, Frank; Fögele, Janis; Hartig, Johannes; Mehren, Rainer Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Sustainability | 2021 41188 Endnote: Autor*innen: Roczen, Nina; Fischer, Frank; Fögele, Janis; Hartig, Johannes; Mehren, Rainer
Titel: Measuring system competence in education for sustainable development
In: Sustainability, 13 (2021) 9, S. 4932
DOI: 10.3390/su13094932
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-238471
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-238471
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Bildung; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Systemkompetenz; Testentwicklung; Messung; Bewertung; Schuljahr 08; Schuljahr 09; Gesamtschule; Realschule; Hauptschule; Gymnasium; Bayern; Hessen; Nordrhein-Westfalen; Deutschland
Abstract (english): This paper presents the development of an instrument for the assessment of system competence in the field of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Based on an already existing, more complex model of system competence for the school subject geography, we have developed a test that refers to central themes and principles of ESD using exclusively closed answer formats. Building on the results of cognitive laboratories and expert feedback from various fields, the instrument was (further) developed in an iterative process of feedback and revision. We conducted a quantitative pilot study with N = 366 8th and 9th grade students. The results indicate that the development of our system competence test was successful-the overall test yielded a high reliability and only very few items were not working as intended. Furthermore, the difficulties of the items were appropriate for the ability levels of the students and the results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggest that the newly developed test measures system competence with one dimension. As the test is compact, easy to interpret, and yet reliable, it is particularly suitable for monitoring purposes in the field of ESD.
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen

English learner labeling. How English learner classification in kindergarten shapes teacher […] Umansky, Ilana; Dumont, Hanna Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: American Educational Research Journal | 2021 41541 Endnote: Autor*innen: Umansky, Ilana; Dumont, Hanna
Titel: English learner labeling. How English learner classification in kindergarten shapes teacher perceptions of student skills and the moderating role of bilingual instructional settings
In: American Educational Research Journal, 58 (2021) 5, S. 993-1031
DOI: 10.3102/0002831221997571
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.3102/0002831221997571
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Kindergarten; Englisch als Zweitsprache; Kind; Vorschulalter; Wirkung; Lehrer; Einstellung <Psy>; Bilingualer Unterricht; Einflussfaktor; Wahrnehmung; Schülerleistung; Grundschule; Schuljahr 01; Schuljahr 02; Grundschüler; Lesekompetenz; Naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenz; Mehrsprachigkeit; Befragung; Längsschnittuntersuchung; USA
Abstract: Prior research has shown that English learner (EL) classification is consequential for students; however, less is known about how EL classification affects student outcomes. In this study, we examine one hypothesized mechanism: teacher perceptions. Using a national data set (Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort of 2010-2011 or ECLS-K:2011), we use coarsened exact matching to estimate the effect of kindergarten EL status on teachers' perceptions of students' academic skills. We further explore whether that impact is moderated by instructional setting (bilingual vs. English immersion). We find evidence that EL classification results in lower teacher perceptions. This impact is, however, moderated by bilingual environments. In bilingual classrooms, we do not find evidence that EL classification results in diminished perceptions. This study adds to research on teacher perceptions and the effects of EL classification. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens

Orthographic knowledge predicts reading and spelling skills over and above general intelligence and […] Zarić, Jelena; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Nagler, Telse Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: European Journal of Psychology of Education | 2021 39952 Endnote: Autor*innen: Zarić, Jelena; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Nagler, Telse
Titel: Orthographic knowledge predicts reading and spelling skills over and above general intelligence and phonological awareness
In: European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36 (2021) 1, S. 21-43
DOI: 10.1007/s10212-020-00464-7
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-227493
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-227493
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Rechtschreibung; Wissen; Schreibkompetenz; Lesekompetenz; Phonologie; Sprachbewusstheit; Intelligenz; Grundschüler; Schuljahr 03; Test; Empirische Untersuchung; Frankfurt am Main; Deutschland
Abstract (english): It is widely accepted that general intelligence and phonological awareness contribute to children's acquisition of reading and spelling skills. A further candidate in this regard is orthographic knowledge (i.e., the knowledge about permissible letter patterns). It consists of two components, word-specific (i.e., the knowledge of the spelling of specific words) and general orthographic knowledge (i.e., the knowledge about legal letter patterns of a writing system). Among German students, previous studies have shown that word-specific orthographic knowledge contributes to both reading and spelling. The results regarding general orthographic knowledge and its contribution to reading and spelling are inconsistent. The major goal of the present study was to determine the incremental predictive value of orthographic knowledge for reading and spelling skills among German elementary-school children (N= 66), over and above the contribution of general intelligence and phonological awareness. The second goal was to examine whether there is a difference between the two subtypes of orthographic knowledge in the amount of their respective contribution to reading and spelling performance. The results show that word-specific as well as general orthographic knowledge con- tribute to both reading and spelling performance, over and above intelligence and phonological awareness. Furthermore, it reveals that both word-specific and general orthographic knowledge explain more variance of spelling compared to reading. Possible explanations for these results, limitations, and implications of the study are being discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

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