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Autor*innen: Geyer, Sabrina; Müller, Anja
Titel: Wie adaptiv ist Sprachförderung für Kinder mit Deutsch als Zweitsprache? Eine Studie zum sprachlichen Handeln in der Zweitsprachförderung
In: Zeitschrift für angewandte Linguistik, 74 (2021) 1, S. 31-60
DOI: 10.1515/zfal-2021-2052
URL: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zfal-2021-2052/html
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Anpassung; Deutsch als Zweitsprache; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Empirische Untersuchung; Erzieher; Grammatik; Kind; Kindergarten; Sprachanalyse; Sprachförderung; Sprachgebrauch; Sprachkompetenz; Sprachtest; Syntax; Vergleich; Videoaufzeichnung; Zweitsprachenerwerb
Abstract (english): This paper focuses on the definition, operationalization and empirical investigation of adaptivity in the context of language training. We discuss a study that aimed at answering the question whether kindergarten teachers adapt their language to the specific needs of children with German as a second language in language training situations. Specifically, we investigated whether teachers use subordinate clauses and specific language training techniques to present or elicit subordinate clauses more frequently when working with children who had not yet acquired subordinate clauses than teachers supporting children who already had. Fifteen teachers were videotaped during language support sessions. Ten children who were supported during these sessions had not yet acquired subordinate clauses (n = 18), the other five teachers supported children with no additional needs in this area (n = 7). The teachers' language was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of the frequency of use of different subordinate clauses (e. g. position of the verb, subordinating conjunctions, different types of clauses) and the use of language support techniques (e. g. corrective feedback, expansions, questions) that aimed at presenting or eliciting subordinate clauses. A comparison of the two groups showed no differences in the teachers' language depending on whether they supported children with or without additional needs regarding subordinate clauses. Therefore, the teachers' language cannot be considered to be adaptive. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Hirschmann, Fabian; Nam, Jinseok; Fürnkranz, Johannes
Titel: What makes word-level neural machine translation hard. A case study on English-German translation
Aus: The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), Osaka: The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee, 2016 , S. 3199-3208
URL: http://aclweb.org/anthology/C/C16/C16-1301.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Automatisierung; Computerlinguistik; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Deutsch; Englisch; Syntax; Übersetzung; Wort; Wörterbuch
Abstract (english): Traditional machine translation systems often require heavy feature engineering and the combination of multiple techniques for solving different subproblems. In recent years, several end-to-end learning architectures based on recurrent neural networks have been proposed. Unlike traditional systems, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems learn the parameters of the model and require only minimal preprocessing. Memory and time constraints allow to take only a fixed number of words into account, which leads to the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem. In this work, we analyze why the OOV problem arises and why it is considered a serious problem in German. We study the effectiveness of compound word splitters for alleviating the OOV problem, resulting in a 2.5+ BLEU points improvement over a baseline on the WMT'14 German-to-English translation task. For English-to-German translation, we use target-side compound splitting through a special syntax during training that allows the model to merge compound words and gain 0.2 BLEU points. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Autor*innen: Levy, Omer; Dagan, Ido; Stanovsky, Gabriel; Eckle-Kohler, Judith; Gurevych, Iryna
Titel: Modeling extractive sentence intersection via subtree entailment
Aus: The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), Osaka: The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee, 2016 , S. 2891-2901
URL: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C/C16/C16-1272.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Algorithmus; Computerlinguistik; Daten; Klassifikation; Semantik; Struktur; Syntax; Text
Abstract (english): Sentence intersection captures the semantic overlap of two texts, generalizing over paradigms such as textual entailment and semantic text similarity. Despite its modeling power, it has received little attention because it is difficult for non-experts to annotate. We analyze 200 pairs of similar sentences and identify several underlying properties of sentence intersection. We leverage these insights to design an algorithm that decomposes the sentence intersection task into several simpler annotation tasks, facilitating the construction of a high quality dataset via crowdsourcing. We implement this approach and provide an annotated dataset of 1,764 sentence intersections. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Autor*innen: Cholakov, Kostadin; Eckle-Kohler, Judith; Gurevych, Iryna
Titel: Automated verb sense labelling based on linked lexical resources
Aus: Wintner, Shuly; Goldwater, Sharon; Riezler, Stefan (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL 2014), Stroudsburg; PA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014 , S. 68-77
URL: http://aclweb.org/anthology/E/E14/E14-1008.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Ambiguität; Automatisierung; Computerlinguistik; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Daten; Evaluation; Klassifikation; Qualität; Semantk; Sinn; Syntax; Wort
Abstract: We present a novel approach for creating sense annotated corpora automatically. Our approach employs shallow syntactico-semantic patterns derived from linked lexical resources to automatically identify instances of word senses in text corpora. We evaluate our labelling method intrinsically on SemCor and extrinsically by using automatically labelled corpus text to train a classifier for verb sense disambiguation. Testing this classifier on verbs from the English MASC corpus and on verbs from the Senseval-3 all-words disambiguation task shows that it matches the performance of a classifier which has been trained on manually annotated data.
DIPF-Abteilung: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Autor*innen: Eckle-Kohler, Judith; Gurevych, Iryna; Hartmann, Silvana; Matuschek, Michael; Meyer, Christian M.
Titel: UBY-LMF. Exploring the boundaries of language-independent lexicon models
Aus: Francopoulo, Gil (Hrsg.): LMF Lexical Markup Framework, Hoboken; NJ: Wiley, 2013 (Computer engineering and IT series), S. 145-156
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Computerlinguistik; Datenverarbeitung; Lexikographie; Lexikon; Mehrsprachigkeit; Modell; Semantik; Syntax
Abstract: Following a long series of successful scientific projects and collaborations, the community responsible for developing lexicons for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Readable Dictionaries (MRDs decided to jump start their International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standardization activities in 2003. A group of 60 researchers (cited herein as the "LMF team") spent 5 years gathering requirements and developing the ideas which resulted in the LMF standard. The LMF specification is a success. Numerous lexicon managers currently use LMF in different languages and contexts. This book is dedicated to reporting on a number of these applications. It is structured as follows: Chapter 1 presents the historical context of LMF. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the LMF model. Chapter 3 deals with the Data Category Registry, which provides a flexible means for applying constants like /grammatical gender/ in a variety of different settings. The remaining chapters present concrete applications and experiments on real data, which are important for developers who want to learn about the use of LMF. Despite this success, we do not claim that LMF is perfect. Indeed, several chapters describe a number of limitations and/or proposals for its improvement.
DIPF-Abteilung: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Autor*innen: Korkontzelos, Ioannis; Zesch, Torsten; Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo; Biemann, Chris
Titel: SemEval-2013 Task 5: Evaluating phrasal semantics
Aus: Association for Computational Linguistics (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2013): Second Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM), Volume 2, Atlanta; GA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2013 , S. 39-47
URL: https://aclanthology.org/S13-2007/
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Computerlinguistik; Computerprogramm; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Evaluation; Mehrsprachigkeit; Semantik; Syntax; Textanalyse
Abstract (english): This paper describes the SemEval-2013 Task 5: "Evaluating Phrasal Semantics". Its first subtask is about computing the semantic similarity of words and compositionality of phrases in a given context. The paper discusses the importance and background of these subtasks and their structure. In succession, it introduces the systems that participated and discusses evaluation results.
DIPF-Abteilung: Informationszentrum Bildung