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Schulische Steuergruppen. Konzept, theoretische Grundlagen, Befunde und Forschungsbedarf
Feldhoff, Tobias
Book Chapter
| Aus: Harring, Marius; Rohlfs, Carsten; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela (Hrsg.): Handbuch Schulpädagogik | Münster: Waxmann | 2022
42713 Endnote
Author(s):
Feldhoff, Tobias
Title:
Schulische Steuergruppen. Konzept, theoretische Grundlagen, Befunde und Forschungsbedarf
In:
Harring, Marius; Rohlfs, Carsten; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela (Hrsg.): Handbuch Schulpädagogik, Münster: Waxmann, 2022 , S. 794-804
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Lexika/Enzyklopädie o.ä.
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Deutschland; Schule; Steuerung; Arbeitsgruppe; Akteur; Schulleitung; Kooperation; Lehrer; Einflussfaktor; Schulentwicklung; Konzeption; Schülermitwirkung; Organisationsentwicklung; Qualitätsentwicklung; Berater; Konflikt; Projekt; Empirische Forschung
Abstract:
[Dieser Beitrag stellt] zunächst die Kontruktion der [Steuergruppen] kurz [dar und skizziert] die Vorteile der STG als Vermittler zwischen Schulleitung und Kollegium [...]. Anschließend werden verschiedene Handlungsmodi der STG beschrieben. Neben den positiven Aspekten werden auch mögliche Konfliktfelder der STG-Arbeit thematisiert. Bevor zum Abschluss ein Fazit gezogen wird und der weitere Forschungsbedarf identifiziert wird, werden Befunde zum Einfluss von STG auf die Schulentwicklung referiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Eltern
Hertel, Silke; Hartenstein, Anna; Sälzer, Christine; Jude, Nina
Book Chapter
| Aus: Harring, Marius; Rohlfs, Carsten; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela (Hrsg.): Handbuch Schulpädagogik | Münster: Waxmann | 2022
42712 Endnote
Author(s):
Hertel, Silke; Hartenstein, Anna; Sälzer, Christine; Jude, Nina
Title:
Eltern
In:
Harring, Marius; Rohlfs, Carsten; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela (Hrsg.): Handbuch Schulpädagogik, Münster: Waxmann, 2022 , S. 375-385
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Lexika/Enzyklopädie o.ä.
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Eltern; Elternmitwirkung; Kooperation; Schule; Lehrer; Modell; Einflussfaktor; Schülerleistung; Elternabend; Gespräch; Elternberatung; Empirische Forschung; Deutschland
Abstract:
Im [vorliegenden] Beitrag [werden] die Möglichkeiten der Zusammenarbeit von Schule und Elternhaus betrachtet sowie in ihren Chancen und Herausforderungen dargestellt. Anhand verschiedener nationaler und internationaler Untersuchungen [kann] gezeigt werden, dass die Beteiligung von Eltern an schulischen Bildungsprozessen eine wichtige Einflussgröße für die (schulische) Entwicklungs des Kindes sowie eine zentrale Ressource - wenn auch keine Garantie - zum Erreichen von Chancengleichheit darstellt. Insbesondere eine kindbezogene Beteiligung an der Schule [...] sowie eine fachbezogene Förderung im Elternhaus [...] haben sich hier als effektiv bewiesen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Scaffolding the learning in rural and urban schools. Similarities and differences
Jošić, Smiljana; Japelj Pavešić, Barbara; Gutvajn, Nikoleta; Rožman, Mojca
Book Chapter
| Aus: Japelj Pavešić, Barbara; Koršňáková, Paulína; Meinck, Sabine (Hrsg.): Dinaric perspectives on TIMSS 2019: Teaching and learning mathematics and science in South-Eastern Europe | Cham: Springer | 2022
42281 Endnote
Author(s):
Jošić, Smiljana; Japelj Pavešić, Barbara; Gutvajn, Nikoleta; Rožman, Mojca
Title:
Scaffolding the learning in rural and urban schools. Similarities and differences
In:
Japelj Pavešić, Barbara; Koršňáková, Paulína; Meinck, Sabine (Hrsg.): Dinaric perspectives on TIMSS 2019: Teaching and learning mathematics and science in South-Eastern Europe, Cham: Springer, 2022 (IEA Research for Education, 13), S. 213-239
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-85802-5_10
URL:
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-85802-5_10
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Montenegro; Nordmazedonien; Serbien; Schulleiter; Schuljahr 04; Mathematische Kompetenz; Naturwissenschaften; TIMSS <Third International Mathematics and Science Study>; Fragebogenerhebung; Sekundäranalyse; Regressionsanalyse; Internationaler Vergleich; Albanien; Bosnien-Herzegowina; Kroatien; Kosovo; Schulstandort; Ländlicher Raum; Stadt; Lernen; Lernprozess; Bildungssystem; Bildungspolitik; Schülerleistung; Einflussfaktor; Schule; Größe; Ausstattung; Technische Ausrüstung; Laborraum; Bibliothek; Schulkultur; Lehrmethode; Schüler; Soziale Herkunft; Eltern; Unterstützung
Abstract (english):
Education systems can be conceptualized as the scaffolding that supports the construction and development of student competences. Among other things, the size, location, and learning resources of schools can affect how efficient that system is at delivering the required support. Data from international large-scale assessments have indicated that the resources of rural schools may differ from those of urban schools; students in schools in urban and more economically developed environments often demonstrate higher achievement. Data from IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 from across the Dinaric region provides information on variations in the size of schools and allocation, student achievement, and the different kinds of scaffolding/support for learning in urban and rural schools. Secondary analyses of the TIMSS 2019 data for the Dinaric region, taking into account home and school factors, show that the types of support available for student learning differed between urban and rural schools. The findings suggest that policymakers should focus on improving the learning resources available to rural schools across the region, particularly in response to their lack of technological resources for developing students' digital competencies. Concomitant investment is required for the development of teachers' competencies for the effective use of such educational resources. Educators need to compensate for lack of family support for some students; in such situations, schools need to enhance the scaffolding for learning available to children. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Überzeugungen von Lehrkräften. Ihre Bedeutung für das pädagogische Handeln und die Lernergebnisse […]
Dohrmann, Julia
Monograph
| Münster: Waxmann | 2021
41327 Endnote
Author(s):
Dohrmann, Julia
Title:
Überzeugungen von Lehrkräften. Ihre Bedeutung für das pädagogische Handeln und die Lernergebnisse in den Fächern Englisch und Mathematik
Published:
Münster: Waxmann, 2021 (Empirische Erziehungswissenschaft, 78)
DOI:
10.31244/9783830994176
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-224986
URL:
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-224986
Publication Type:
1. Monographien (Autorenschaft); Monographie
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
20. Jahrhundert; Allgemeine Pädagogik; Bildungsgeschichte; Datenanalyse; Deutschland; Dissertation; Einflussfaktor; Einstellung; Empirische Forschung; Englischunterricht; Gesamtschule; Gymnasium; Handlungskompetenz; Hauptschule; Hessen; Item; Item-Response-Theorie; Lehrer; Lernergebnis; Mathematikunterricht; Merkmal; Niedersachsen; Nordrhein-Westfalen; Pädagogisches Handeln; Professionalisierung; Qualität; Realschule; Schülerleistung; Schulform; Schulforschung; Schuljahr 09; Schulkultur; Schulqualität; Sekundäranalyse; Test; Überzeugung; Unterricht; Unterrichtsforschung; Unterrichtsklima; Unterrichtspraxis; Unterrichtsqualität; Wandel
Abstract:
Pädagogische Überzeugungen von Lehrkräften sind ein zentraler Aspekt ihrer professionellen Kompetenz, der für Schul- und Unterrichtsqualität bedeutsam ist. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, mit welchen Unterrichtsmerkmalen allgemeine pädagogische Überzeugungen von Lehrkräften zusammenhängen und wie diese Überzeugungen, vermittelt über das Unterrichtshandeln, mit Lernergebnissen von Schülerinnen und Schülern korrespondieren. Dies geschieht durch eine Sekundäranalyse der Drei-Länder-Studie von Helmut Fend aus den Jahren 1978/79. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Beziehungen zwischen allgemeinpädagogischen Überzeugungen, Unterricht und Lernergebnissen unter Berücksichtigung des aktuellen theoretischen und methodischen Forschungsstandes zu analysieren. Es zeigt sich, dass im Englischunterricht die pädagogischen Überzeugungen der Lehrkräfte mit einem unterstützenden Unterrichtsklima und - vermittelt über adaptives Unterrichtshandeln - mit den Lernergebnissen der Schülerinnen und Schüler im affektiven Bereich zusammenhängen.
Abstract (english):
{Abstract_englisch}
DIPF-Departments:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Wertfacetten im Grundschulalter in drei Fächern. Differenzierung, Entwicklung, Geschlechtseffekte […]
Arens, A. Katrin
Journal Article
| In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie | 2021
39740 Endnote
Author(s):
Arens, A. Katrin
Title:
Wertfacetten im Grundschulalter in drei Fächern. Differenzierung, Entwicklung, Geschlechtseffekte und Zusammenhänge zu Noten
In:
Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 35 (2021) 1, S. 32-52
DOI:
10.1024/1010-0652/a000257
URL:
https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1024/1010-0652/a000257
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Grundschüler; Motivation; Wert; Erwartung; Deutschunterricht; Sachunterricht; Mathematikunterricht; Geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschied; Interesse; Entwicklung; Selbstkonzept; Einflussfaktor; Schulnoten; Schuljahr 03; Schuljahr 04; Übergang; Weiterführende Schule; Relevanz; Differenzierung; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Latente Wachstumskurvenmodelle; Deutschland
Abstract:
Im Rahmen der Erwartungs-Wert-Theorie zur schulischen Motivation betrachtete die Studie die beiden Wertfacetten intrinsischer Wert und Wichtigkeit in den Fächern Mathematik, Deutsch und Sachunterricht. Untersucht wurden die Ausdifferenzierung der beiden Wertfacetten, ihr Entwicklungsverlauf am Ende der Grundschule, Geschlechtseffekte und Zusammenhänge zu Noten. Die Stichprobe bestand aus N = 2.317 Schülern; die Variablen wurden zu drei Messzeitpunkten im Verlauf der dritten und vierten Klassenstufe erfasst. Die Schüler unterschieden in allen drei Fächern zwischen den beiden Wertfacetten; jedoch zeigten die beiden Wertfacetten im Sachunterricht einen besonders hohen positiven Zusammenhang. Die Ausdifferenzierung zwischen beiden Wertfacetten veränderte sich nicht über die drei Messzeitpunkte. In latenten Wachstumskurvenmodellen zeigte sich ein Einbruch in der mittleren Ausprägung des intrinsischen Werts in Mathematik. Zunahmen konnten in den mittleren Ausprägungen der Wichtigkeit in Deutsch und der Wichtigkeit in Sachunterricht verzeichnet werden. Allerdings waren die Veränderungen sehr klein und kaum praktisch bedeutsam, so dass man eher von Stabilität als von Veränderung in der mittleren Ausprägung fachspezifischer Wertfacetten am Ende der Grundschulzeit sprechen kann. Jungen und Mädchen zeigten eine ähnliche Struktur der fachspezifischen Wertfacetten, unterschieden sich aber in den mittleren Ausprägungen. Jungen berichteten höhere Ausprägungen auf beiden Wertfacetten in Mathematik; Mädchen berichteten höhere Ausprägungen auf beiden Wertfacetten in Deutsch. Jungen und Mädchen unterschieden sich nicht in der Wichtigkeit in Sachunterricht; Jungen hatten zu zwei Messzeitpunkten höhere Ausprägungen auf dem intrinsischen Wert in Sachunterricht. In allen drei Fächern zeigten beide Wertfacetten einen ähnlich hohen positiven Zusammenhang zu den fachspezifischen Noten. In allen drei Fächern wirkten sich gute Noten positiv auf den nachfolgenden intrinsischen Wert und auf die nachfolgende Wichtigkeit aus. In Mathematik hatte die Wichtigkeit zudem positive Auswirkungen auf nachfolgende Noten. Die Ergebnisse werden in Zusammenhang gebracht mit den Ergebnissen aus Studien mit Sekundarschülern und vor dem Hintergrund des Grundschulübergangs diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english):
This study built on expectancy-value theory and examined intrinsic value and attainment value related to math, German, and general studies with elementary school students. The research questions addressed the differentiation between the two value facets, their developmental trajectory at the end of elementary school, gender effects, and their relations to school grades. The variables were assessed with N = 2.317 students at three measurement waves during grade levels three and four. Students were found to differentiate between the two value facets in all three domains. However, intrinsic value and attainment value were highly correlated in general studies. The differentiation between the two value facets did not change across time. Latent growth models showed decreasing mean levels of math intrinsic value, but increasing mean levels of attainment values in German and general studies. Yet, the effect sizes for these changes were small indicating that domain-specific value facets are rather stable at the end of elementary school. Boys and girls did not differ in the structure of domain-specific value facets, but displayed different mean levels. Boys showed higher means on intrinsic value and attainment value in math; girls displayed higher means on both value facets in German. Boys and girls did not differ in the mean levels of attainment value in general studies, but boys reported higher mean levels on intrinsic value in general studies at two waves. In all three domains, intrinsic value and attainment value showed similar positive relations to domain-specific school grades. Across time, former school grades were positively related to later intrinsic value and to later attainment value in all three domains. In math, former attainment value also showed positive relations to later school grades. The findings are linked to results obtained with secondary school students and discussed against the background of the transition from elementary school to secondary school. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
On the speed sensitivity parameter in the lognormal model for response times. Implications for test […]
Becker, Benjamin; Debeer, Dries; Weirich, Sebastian; Goldhammer, Frank
Journal Article
| In: Applied Psychological Measurement | 2021
42009 Endnote
Author(s):
Becker, Benjamin; Debeer, Dries; Weirich, Sebastian; Goldhammer, Frank
Title:
On the speed sensitivity parameter in the lognormal model for response times. Implications for test assembly
In:
Applied Psychological Measurement, 45 (2021) 6, S. 407-422
DOI:
10.1177/01466216211008530
URL:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/01466216211008530
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Software; Technologiebasiertes Testen; Messverfahren; Item-Response-Theory; Leistungstest; Frage; Antwort; Dauer; Einflussfaktor; Testkonstruktion; Modell; Vergleich; Testtheorie; Simulation
Abstract:
In high-stakes testing, often multiple test forms are used and a common time limit is enforced. Test fairness requires that ability estimates must not depend on the administration of a specific test form. Such a requirement may be violated if speededness differs between test forms. The impact of not taking speed sensitivity into account on the comparability of test forms regarding speededness and ability estimation was investigated. The lognormal measurement model for response times by van der Linden was compared with its extension by Klein Entink, van der Linden, and Fox, which includes a speed sensitivity parameter. An empirical data example was used to show that the extended model can fit the data better than the model without speed sensitivity parameters. A simulation was conducted, which showed that test forms with different average speed sensitivity yielded substantial different ability estimates for slow test takers, especially for test takers with high ability. Therefore, the use of the extended lognormal model for response times is recommended for the calibration of item pools in high-stakes testing situations. Limitations to the proposed approach and further research questions are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english):
In high-stakes testing, often multiple test forms are used and a common time limit is enforced. Test fairness requires that ability estimates must not depend on the administration of a specific test form. Such a requirement may be violated if speededness differs between test forms. The impact of not taking speed sensitivity into account on the comparability of test forms regarding speededness and ability estimation was investigated. The lognormal measurement model for response times by van der Linden was compared with its extension by Klein Entink, van der Linden, and Fox, which includes a speed sensitivity parameter. An empirical data example was used to show that the extended model can fit the data better than the model without speed sensitivity parameters. A simulation was conducted, which showed that test forms with different average speed sensitivity yielded substantial different ability estimates for slow test takers, especially for test takers with high ability. Therefore, the use of the extended lognormal model for response times is recommended for the calibration of item pools in high-stakes testing situations. Limitations to the proposed approach and further research questions are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
How can we make active learning work in K-12 education? Considering prerequisites for a successful […]
Brod, Garvin
Journal Article
| In: Psychological Science in the Public Interest | 2021
42307 Endnote
Author(s):
Brod, Garvin
Title:
How can we make active learning work in K-12 education? Considering prerequisites for a successful construction of understanding
In:
Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 22 (2021) 1, S. 1-7
DOI:
10.1177/1529100621997376
URL:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1529100621997376
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Aktives Lernen; Lernmethode; Schüler; Naturwissenschaftliche Bildung; Entdeckendes Lernen; Grundschule; Sekundarstufe I; Sekundarstufe II; Vorwissen; Einflussfaktor; Lernerfolg; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Lernvoraussetzungen; Unterstützung; Kognitive Kompetenz; Metakognition; Lernforschung; Empirische Forschung
Abstract (english):
The construction-of-understanding ecosystem proves particularly useful because it provides an actionable framework of active learning that can be applied across disciplines. An assumption inherent in the framework is that active-learning practices are beneficial for student achievement in STEM. In this commentary, I have argued that there are prerequisites for this benefit to occur. Active-learning practices are demanding in that students need advanced cognitive and metacognitive capacities to be able to profit from them without being closely guided. The effects of insufficient cognitive and metacognitive capacities become most visible in younger students for whom these capacities are still developing. For example, elementary-school students struggle with constructing examples or drawings of abstract concepts as a result of their immature analogical reasoning skills (Breitwieser & Brod, 2021; Van Meter et al., 2006). This should not be taken to mean that active-learning practices cannot be beneficial for K-12 students, however. Prerequisites differ between practices, and a lack of them can often be counteracted with additional guidance. Instead, this commentary is intended as a pledge to consider prerequisites in order to choose those active-learning practices that are likely to work best for a particular group of students. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Mobile sensing with smart wearables of the physical context of distance learning students to […]
Ciordas-Hertel, George-Petru; Rödling, Sebastian; Schneider, Jan; Di Mitri, Daniele; […]
Journal Article
| In: Sensors | 2021
42008 Endnote
Author(s):
Ciordas-Hertel, George-Petru; Rödling, Sebastian; Schneider, Jan; Di Mitri, Daniele; Weidlich, Joshua; Drachsler, Hendrik
Title:
Mobile sensing with smart wearables of the physical context of distance learning students to consider its effects on learning
In:
Sensors, 21 (2021) 19, S. 6649
DOI:
10.3390/s21196649
URL:
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/19/6649
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Lernen; Einflussfaktor; Lernumgebung; Lernort; Lernvoraussetzungen; Hausunterricht; Learning Analytics; Smartphone; Neue Technologien; Datenerhebung; Erhebungsinstrument; Software; Softwareentwicklung; Implementierung; Erwachsener; Fragebogen; Datenanalyse
Abstract:
Research shows that various contextual factors can have an impact on learning. Some of these factors can originate from the physical learning environment (PLE) in this regard. When learning from home, learners have to organize their PLE by themselves. This paper is concerned with identifying, measuring, and collecting factors from the PLE that may affect learning using mobile sensing. More specifically, this paper first investigates which factors from the PLE can affect distance learning. The results identify nine types of factors from the PLE associated with cognitive, physiological, and affective effects on learning. Subsequently, this paper examines which instruments can be used to measure the investigated factors. The results highlight several methods involving smart wearables (SWs) to measure these factors from PLEs successfully. Third, this paper explores how software infrastructure can be designed to measure, collect, and process the identified multimodal data from and about the PLE by utilizing mobile sensing. The design and implementation of the Edutex software infrastructure described in this paper will enable learning analytics stakeholders to use data from and about the learners' physical contexts. Edutex achieves this by utilizing sensor data from smartphones and smartwatches, in addition to response data from experience samples and questionnaires from learners' smartwatches. Finally, this paper evaluates to what extent the developed infrastructure can provide relevant information about the learning context in a field study with 10 participants. The evaluation demonstrates how the software infrastructure can contextualize multimodal sensor data, such as lighting, ambient noise, and location, with user responses in a reliable, efficient, and protected manner.
Abstract (english):
Research shows that various contextual factors can have an impact on learning. Some of these factors can originate from the physical learning environment (PLE) in this regard. When learning from home, learners have to organize their PLE by themselves. This paper is concerned with identifying, measuring, and collecting factors from the PLE that may affect learning using mobile sensing. More specifically, this paper first investigates which factors from the PLE can affect distance learning. The results identify nine types of factors from the PLE associated with cognitive, physiological, and affective effects on learning. Subsequently, this paper examines which instruments can be used to measure the investigated factors. The results highlight several methods involving smart wearables (SWs) to measure these factors from PLEs successfully. Third, this paper explores how software infrastructure can be designed to measure, collect, and process the identified multimodal data from and about the PLE by utilizing mobile sensing. The design and implementation of the Edutex software infrastructure described in this paper will enable learning analytics stakeholders to use data from and about the learners' physical contexts. Edutex achieves this by utilizing sensor data from smartphones and smartwatches, in addition to response data from experience samples and questionnaires from learners' smartwatches. Finally, this paper evaluates to what extent the developed infrastructure can provide relevant information about the learning context in a field study with 10 participants. The evaluation demonstrates how the software infrastructure can contextualize multimodal sensor data, such as lighting, ambient noise, and location, with user responses in a reliable, efficient, and protected manner.
DIPF-Departments:
Informationszentrum Bildung
Only some attempts at meaning-making are successful. The role of change-relatedness and positive […]
Huang, Manxia; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Journal Article
| In: Journal of Personality | 2021
41066 Endnote
Author(s):
Huang, Manxia; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Title:
Only some attempts at meaning-making are successful. The role of change-relatedness and positive implications for the self
In:
Journal of Personality, 89 (2021) 2, S. 175-187
DOI:
10.1111/jopy.12573
URL:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopy.12573
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Erwachsener; Eltern; Verlust; Trauer; Depression; Psychisches Trauma; Bewältigung; Biografie; Wandel; Akzeptanz; Bildungsbeteiligung; Dauer; Bildungsniveau; Einflussfaktor; Befragung; Fragebogen; China
Abstract:
Objective: Although meaning making and specifically autobiographical reasoning are expected to relate to well-being, findings tend to be mixed. Attempts at meaning making do not always lead to meaning made. We aimed to disentangle these complex relationships and also explore the role of level of education. Method: Ninety participants (mean age 36.73 years, SD = 7.27; 74.4% women, 25.6% men) who had experienced the loss of a parent through death, going missing, or Alzheimer's disease narrated this loss, a sad, a turning point, and a self-defining memory, and completed questionnaires assessing depression, trauma symptoms, and protracted grief. Three aspects of autobiographical reasoning (quantity, valence, and change-relatedness of self-event connections) were related to meaning made (sophistication of meaning making) and symptom level. Results: Years of education correlated both with positive implications of autobiographical reasoning and with meaning made. The quantity, positivity, and change-relatedness of attempts at meaning making (self-event connections) predicted accomplished meaning made, and positivity alone predicted less prolonged grief. Conclusions: Adapting the life story after a loss such that change of the self is acknowledged and positive change can be constructed helps finding meaning and lowering protracted grief. These changes in narrative identity are supported by more years of education. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration […]
Korinth, Sebastian; Nagler, Telse
Journal Article
| In: Language and Linguistics Compass | 2021
41072 Endnote
Author(s):
Korinth, Sebastian; Nagler, Telse
Title:
Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration approach
In:
Language and Linguistics Compass, 15 (2021) 3, S. e12408
DOI:
10.1111/lnc3.12408
URL:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lnc3.12408
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Empirische Forschung; Lesen; Leseverstehen; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Leistungssteigerung; Lesekompetenz; Schulanfänger; Unterrichtsmethode; Wirkung; Validität; Messverfahren; Aufmerksamkeit; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Einflussfaktor; Grundschüler; Sprache; Forschungsstand
Abstract (english):
The reading acceleration phenomenon refers to the effect that experimentally induced time constraints can generate instantaneous improvements of reading rate, accuracy and comprehension among typical and reading impaired readers of different age groups. An overview of studies applying the fading manipulation (i.e., letters are erased in reading direction), which induces the time constraints causing the acceleration phenomenon, is provided in the first part of this review. The second part summarises the outcomes of studies using a training approach called the reading acceleration program (RAP) that integrated core principles of the acceleration phenomenon to generate persistent reading performance improvements. Our review shows ample evidence for the validity of the acceleration phenomenon, since it has been replicated across various languages and populations. However, although there are several explanatory approaches for underlying mechanisms, none of them is well substantiated by empirical evidence so far. Similarly, although generally positive effects of RAP training were reported for several languages and groups of readers, the exact mechanisms causing improved reading rates and comprehension are not well understood. Our critical discussion points out several limitations of RAP that call for further research. However, we also highlight several benefits regarding RAP's potential as an intervention approach for enhancements in reading performance. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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