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(Schlagwörter: "Altersgruppe")
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Personality across the lifespan. Exploring measurement invariance of a short big five inventory […]
Brandt, Naemi; Becker, Michael; Tetzner, Julia; Brunner, Martin; Kuhl, Poldi; Maaz, Kai
Journal Article
| In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. | 2020
38867 Endnote
Author(s):
Brandt, Naemi; Becker, Michael; Tetzner, Julia; Brunner, Martin; Kuhl, Poldi; Maaz, Kai
Title:
Personality across the lifespan. Exploring measurement invariance of a short big five inventory from ages 11 to 84
In:
European Journal of Psychological Assessment., 36 (2020) 1, S. 162-173
DOI:
10.1027/1015-5759/a000490
URL:
https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/1015-5759/a000490
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Validität; Reliabilität; Persönlichkeit; Messung; Indikator; Lebensalter; Erhebungsinstrument; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Kind; Grundschulalter; Erwachsener; Alter Mensch;
Abstract:
Personality is a relevant predictor for important life outcomes across the entire lifespan. Although previous studies have suggested the comparability of the measurement of the Big Five personality traits across adulthood, the generalizability to childhood is largely unknown. The present study investigated the structure of the Big Five personality traits assessed with the Big Five Inventory-SOEP Version (BFI-S; SOEP = Socio-Economic Panel) across a broad age range spanning 11-84 years. We used two samples of N = 1,090 children (52% female, Mage = 11.87) and N = 18,789 adults (53% female, Mage = 51.09), estimating a multigroup CFA analysis across four age groups (late childhood: 11-14 years; early adulthood: 17-30 years; middle adulthood: 31-60 years; late adulthood: 61-84 years). Our results indicated the comparability of the personality trait metric in terms of general factor structure, loading patterns, and the majority of intercepts across all age groups. Therefore, the findings suggest both a reliable assessment of the Big Five personality traits with the BFI-S even in late childhood and a vastly comparable metric across age groups. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of […]
Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Journal Article
| In: Behavior Research Methods | 2020
40426 Endnote
Author(s):
Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Title:
Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of imageability and emotionality for about 2500 German nouns
In:
Behavior Research Methods, 52 (2020) , S. 980-989
DOI:
10.3758/s13428-019-01294-2
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
URL:
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Vorstellung <Psy>; Emotion; Wort; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden; Kognitive Kompetenz; Gedächtnis; Leistungsfähigkeit; Semantik; Phonologie; Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract:
Imageability and emotionality ratings for 2592 German nouns (3-10 letters, one to three phonological syllables) were obtained from younger adults (21-31 years) and older adults (70-86 years). Valid ratings were obtained on average from 20 younger and 23 older adults per word for imageability, and from 18 younger and 19 older adults per word for emotionality. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and retest rank-order stability of the ratings were high for both age groups (α and r ≥ .97). Also, the validity of our ratings was found to be high, as compared to previously published ratings (r ≥ .86). The ratings showed substantial rank-order stability across younger and older adults (imageability, r = .94; emotionality, r = .85). At the same time, systematic differences between age groups were found in the mean levels of ratings (imageability, d = 0.38; emotionality, d = 0.20) and in the extent to which the rating scales were used (imageability, SD = 24 vs. 19, scale of 0 to 100; emotionality, SD = 26 vs. 31, scale of −100 to 100). At the descriptive level, our data hint at systematically different evaluations of semantic categories regarding imageability and emotionality across younger and older adults. Given that imageability and emotionality have been reported, for instance, as important determinants for the recognition and recall of words, our findings highlight the importance of considering age-specific information in age-comparative cognitive (neuroscience) experimental studies using word materials. The age-specific imageability and emotionality ratings for the 2592 German nouns can be found in the electronic supplementary material 1. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
How was your day? Convergence of aggregated momentary and retrospective end-of-day affect ratings […]
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Sliwinski, Martin J.; Smyth, Joshua M.
Journal Article
| In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | 2020
39211 Endnote
Author(s):
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Sliwinski, Martin J.; Smyth, Joshua M.
Title:
How was your day? Convergence of aggregated momentary and retrospective end-of-day affect ratings across the adult life span
In:
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119 (2020) 1, S. 185-203
DOI:
10.1037/pspp0000248
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-228882
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2021/22888/pdf/JPSP_2020_1_Neubauer_et_al_How_was_your_day_A.pdf
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Wohlbefinden; Stress; Emotionaler Zustand; Altersgruppe; Erwachsener; Unterschied; Erinnerung; Gedächtnis; Tagesablauf; Tagebuch; Indikator; Gegenwart; Vergangenheit; Messverfahren; Befragung; Vergleich; USA
Abstract (english):
Daily diary studies and experience sampling studies examine day-to-day variations in affect using different rating types: The former typically collect retrospective affect reports at the end of the day, whereas the latter collects multiple momentary assessments across the day. The present study examined the convergence of (aggregated) momentary assessments collected repeatedly within a day and retrospective assessments collected at the end of the day. Building on prior research on the memory-experience gap and the peak-and-end rule we predicted that participants would report more intense retrospective affect than aggregated momentary affect, and that retrospective affect would be biased toward the peak and the most recent affect of the day. Based on socioemotional selectivity theory and the strength and vulnerability integration model, age differences in these convergence indicators were expected. Findings from 2 age-heterogeneous ecological momentary assessment/daily diary hybrid studies (N = 242, 25-65 years; and N = 175, 20-79 years) revealed (a) a memory-experience gap for negative affect (more intense retrospective ratings than aggregated momentary ratings) that is attenuated with advancing age; (b) only a small memory-experience gap for positive affect for very old adults (66-79 years), but not younger adults; (c) relatively high convergence of aggregated momentary ratings and retrospective ratings despite (d) small biases of retrospective negative affect ratings toward peak and most recent negative affect. Findings suggest that both rating types can discriminate "good days" from "bad days" and provide overlapping but not necessarily exchangeable information. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
A boon and a bane. Comparing the effects of prior knowledge on memory across the lifespan
Brod, Garvin; Lee Shing, Yee
Journal Article
| In: Developmental Psychology | 2019
39745 Endnote
Author(s):
Brod, Garvin; Lee Shing, Yee
Title:
A boon and a bane. Comparing the effects of prior knowledge on memory across the lifespan
In:
Developmental Psychology, 55 (2019) 6, S. 1326-1337
DOI:
10.1037/dev0000712
URL:
https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fdev0000712
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Vorwissen; Wissen; Wirkung; Gedächtnis; Lebensalter; Erinnerung; Fehler; Informationsverarbeitung; Objekt; Raum; Assoziation; Kind; Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Leistungsfähigkeit; Test; Altersgruppe; Vergleich
Abstract:
We tested 6- to 7-year-olds, 18- to 22-year-olds, and 67- to 74-year-olds on an associative memory task that consisted of knowledge-congruent and knowledge-incongruent object-scene pairs that were highly familiar to all age groups. We compared the 3 age groups on their memory congruency effect (i.e., better memory for knowledge-congruent associations) and on a schema bias score, which measures participants' tendency to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors. We found that prior knowledge similarly benefited memory for items encoded in a congruent context in all age groups. However, for associative memory, older adults and, to a lesser extent, children overrelied on their prior knowledge, as indicated by an enhanced congruency effect and schema bias. Functional MRI (fMRI) performed during memory encoding revealed an age-independent Memory × Congruency interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Furthermore, the magnitude of vmPFC recruitment correlated positively with the schema bias. These findings suggest that older adults are most prone to rely on their prior knowledge for episodic memory decisions, but that children can also rely heavily on prior knowledge that they are well acquainted with. Furthermore, the fMRI results suggest that the vmPFC plays a key role in the assimilation of new information into existing knowledge structures across the entire life span. vmPFC recruitment leads to better memory for knowledge-congruent information but also to a heightened susceptibility to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors, in particular in children and older adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Age differences in proactive coping with minor hassles in daily life
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Smyth, Joshua M.; Sliwinski, Martin J.
Journal Article
| In: Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences | 2019
38446 Endnote
Author(s):
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Smyth, Joshua M.; Sliwinski, Martin J.
Title:
Age differences in proactive coping with minor hassles in daily life
In:
Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 74 (2019) 1, S. 7-16
DOI:
10.1093/geronb/gby061
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-168832
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/16883/pdf/JGPS_2019_1_Neubauer_Smyth_Sliwinski_Age_differences_in_proactive_coping_A.pdf
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Alltag; Alter Mensch; Altersgruppe; Bewältigung; Coping; Empirische Untersuchung; Junger Erwachsener; Messverfahren; Schwierigkeit; Vergleich; Wirkung
Abstract (english):
Objectives: Age differences in the exposure to minor hassles in daily life have been postulated by socioemotional selectivity theory and reported by previous research, with older adults reporting fewer stressors. The present study examined two potential mechanisms explaining this reduction in reported stressor exposure with advancing age: age-related changes in proactive coping and in the threshold of labeling an event as stressor. Method: Participants (N = 178; 20-79 years; M = 49.5; SD = 17; 51% female) were investigated in a measurement burst study consisting of three measurement bursts (each comprised of five daily assessments for 7 consecutive days), separated by 9 months each. Results: Older age was unrelated to reporting an event or the thresholds for labeling the event as a stressor, but was positively related to self-reported use of proactive coping and negatively related to reported event severity. Discussion: Results are consistent with the view that older adults engage in more proactive coping to deal with minor hassles in their daily lives to manage these problems before they become more stressful. Older adults did not report fewer potentially stressful events but they reported these events as less unpleasant. The adaptive value of proactive coping, in particular for older adults, is discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Back to the future. Examining age differences in processes before stressor exposure
Neupert, Shevaun D.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Hyun, Jinshil; Sliwinski, Martin J.
Journal Article
| In: Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences | 2019
38480 Endnote
Author(s):
Neupert, Shevaun D.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Hyun, Jinshil; Sliwinski, Martin J.
Title:
Back to the future. Examining age differences in processes before stressor exposure
In:
Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 74 (2019) 1, S. 1-6
DOI:
10.1093/geronb/gby074
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-189687
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/18968/pdf/JGPS_2019_1_Neupert_et_al_Back_to_the_future_A.pdf
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Alltag; Alter Mensch; Altersgruppe; Bewältigung; Coping; Emotion; Erwartung; Junger Erwachsener; Kognition; Prognose; Resilienz; Strategie; Stress; Vergleich; Wirkung
Abstract:
Although it is generally accepted that stress is associated with poorer health and cognitive functioning, previous work has focused on what happens after stressors occur [...]. In this special section, we present a novel conceptual framework and initial empirical work that integrates the temporal space of anticipation before stressors occur. Understanding processes that may prevent exposure to or reduce the effects of stressors can have tremendous benefits for longevity and successful aging. In this overview, we describe our conceptual framework and relevant aging theories that form the foundation for our predictions across studies. We also briefly introduce the data sets and study designs and propose preliminary implications. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Geschwisterkonstellation und Lesekompetenz
Schmid, Christine; Glaeser, Anna
Book Chapter
| Aus: Wallner-Paschon, Christina; Itzlinger-Bruneforth, Ursula (Hrsg.): Lesekompetenz der 10-Jährigen im Trend: Vertiefende Analysen zu PIRLS | Graz: Leykam | 2019
39004 Endnote
Author(s):
Schmid, Christine; Glaeser, Anna
Title:
Geschwisterkonstellation und Lesekompetenz
In:
Wallner-Paschon, Christina; Itzlinger-Bruneforth, Ursula (Hrsg.): Lesekompetenz der 10-Jährigen im Trend: Vertiefende Analysen zu PIRLS, Graz: Leykam, 2019 , S. 123-132
URL:
https://www.bifie.at/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/PIRLS-2016_NEB_Web.pdf#page=125
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschied; Unterstützung; Leseverstehen; Faktorenanalyse; Österreich; Geschwister; Einflussfaktor; Lesekompetenz; Tutor; Kognitive Kompetenz; Eltern; Altersgruppe; Familienbeziehungen; Hausaufgabenhilfe; IGLU <Internationale Grundschul-Lese-Untersuchung>; Grundschüler; Schuljahr 04; Mädchen
Abstract:
Vor dem Hintergrund konkurrierender Erklärungsmodelle - dem Ressourcenverdünnungsmodell (Downey, 2001) und dem Konfluenzmodell (Zajonc, 2001) - wird der Einfluss der Geschwisterkonstellation auf die Lesekompetenz untersucht. Außerdem wird die Annahme einer elterlichen Ressourcenverdünnung anhand der Kontrolle und Hilfe bei Hausübungen durch die Eltern überprüft sowie die Annahme eines Tutoreneffekts unter Geschwistern. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Gültigkeit des Konfluenzmodells, vor allem, weil sich - wie schon in anderen Studien (Schmid & Glaeser, 2017) - ein Einzelkindhandicap abzeichnete. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Tutoring unter Geschwistern eine Rolle spielt und sich hierbei Geschlechtsunterschiede auftun: Mädchen waren etwas häufiger die Agenten und das Ziel von Tutoring unter Geschwistern. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
Zweigliedrigkeit im deutschen Schulsystem. Potenziale und Herausforderungen in Berlin
Neumann, Marko; Becker, Michael; Baumert, Jürgen; Maaz, Kai; Köller, Olaf (Hrsg.)
Compilation Book
| Münster: Waxmann | 2017
37439 Endnote
Editor(s)
Neumann, Marko; Becker, Michael; Baumert, Jürgen; Maaz, Kai; Köller, Olaf
Title:
Zweigliedrigkeit im deutschen Schulsystem. Potenziale und Herausforderungen in Berlin
Published:
Münster: Waxmann, 2017
Publication Type:
2. Herausgeberschaft; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Schulsystem; Gegliedertes Schulsystem; Sekundarbereich; Struktur; Reform; Implementierung; Schullaufbahn; Bildungsaspiration; Schuljahr 09; Altersgruppe; Schülerleistung; Leistungstest; Leistungsschwäche; Gymnasiale Oberstufe; Übergang; Motivation; Wohlbefinden; Wertorientierung; Kulturelle Integration; Migrationshintergrund; Soziale Ungleichheit; Bildungserfolg; Schulform; Schulwechsel; Systemvergleich; Quasi-Experiment; Empirische Untersuchung; Begleituntersuchung; Berlin
Abstract:
In allen Ländern der Bundesrepublik sind gegenwärtig Modernisierungen der Schulstruktur zu beobachten. Im Sekundarbereich haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren in der Mehrzahl der Bundesländer zweigliedrige Schulsysteme etabliert. In einigen Bundesländern kann dabei auch von einem Zweisäulensystem gesprochen werden, in dem die jeweilige nichtgymnasiale Schulform (z.B. Integrierte Gesamtschule, Oberschule, Stadtteilschule, Gemeinschaftsschule) die direkte Möglichkeit zum Erwerb des Abiturs mit einschließt. Im Land Berlin wurde mit der Schulstrukturreform im Jahr 2010 ein Zweisäulensystem eingeführt. Darüber hinaus wurde das Übergangsverfahren von der Grundschule in die weiterführenden Schulen modifiziert. Mit der BERLIN-Studie erfolgt eine wissenschaftliche Begleitung und Evaluation der Berliner Schulstrukturreform einschließlich der Neugestaltung des Übergangsverfahrens. Der vorliegende zweite Ergebnisband zur BERLIN-Studie stellt die zentralen Befunde zu den Auswirkungen der Reform auf die gegen Ende der Sekundarstufe I erzielten Bildungserträge der Schülerinnen und Schüler vor. Im Zentrum stehen die Konsequenzen der Reform für die Zusammensetzung der Schülerschaft an den Schulen, die erreichten Kompetenzen und motivationalen Eigenschaften sowie die Muster soziokultureller Disparitäten im Bildungserfolg. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
Long-term effects of an extensive cognitive training on personality development
Sander, Julia; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Wagner, Gert G.; Specht, Jule
Journal Article
| In: Journal of Personality | 2017
36804 Endnote
Author(s):
Sander, Julia; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Wagner, Gert G.; Specht, Jule
Title:
Long-term effects of an extensive cognitive training on personality development
In:
Journal of Personality, 85 (2017) 4, S. 454-463
DOI:
10.1111/jopy.12252
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-176691
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2019/17669/pdf/Schmiedek_2017_long-term_JoP_A.pdf
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Gedächtnis; Training; Kognitive Entwicklung; Wirkung; Persönlichkeitsentwicklung; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Veränderung; Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Aufmerksamkeit; Reaktion; Dauer; Erkenntnis; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leistungsfähigkeit; Leistungstest; Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Längsschnittuntersuchung
Abstract:
Previous research found that cognitive training increases the Big Five personality trait openness to experience during and some weeks after the intervention. The present study investigated whether long-term changes happen in openness to experience and other personality traits after an extensive cognitive training of memory and perceptual speed. Method: Intervention group consisted of 204 adults (20-31 years and 65-80 years, 50% female), who received daily one-hour cognitive training sessions for about 100 days. The control group consisted of 86 adults (21-29 years and 65-82 years, 51% female), who received no cognitive training. All participants answered the NEO Five-Factor Inventory before and two years after the cognitive training. Latent change models were applied that controlled for age group (young vs. old) and gender. In the long-run the cognitive training did not affect changes in any facet of openness to experience. This was true for young and old participants as well as for men and women. Instead, the cognitive training lowered the general increase of conscientiousness. Conclusion: Even an extensive cognitive training on memory and perceptual speed does not serve as a sufficient intervention for enduring changes in openness to experiences or one of its facets. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Kompetenzarmut im mehr- und zweigliedrigen Schulsystem
Baumert, Jürgen; Köller, Olaf; Neumann, Marko; Maaz, Kai
Book Chapter
| Aus: Neumann, Marko; Becker, Michael; Baumert, Jürgen; Maaz, Kai; Köller, Olaf (Hrsg.): Zweigliedrigkeit im deutschen Schulsystem: Potenziale und Herausforderungen in Berlin | Münster: Waxmann | 2017
37454 Endnote
Author(s):
Baumert, Jürgen; Köller, Olaf; Neumann, Marko; Maaz, Kai
Title:
Kompetenzarmut im mehr- und zweigliedrigen Schulsystem
In:
Neumann, Marko; Becker, Michael; Baumert, Jürgen; Maaz, Kai; Köller, Olaf (Hrsg.): Zweigliedrigkeit im deutschen Schulsystem: Potenziale und Herausforderungen in Berlin, Münster: Waxmann, 2017 , S. 189-226
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht; Englischunterricht; Empirische Untersuchung; Berlin; Deutschland; Schulsystem; Struktur; Reform; Schüler; Jugendlicher; Altersgruppe; Kompetenz; Leistungsschwäche; Leistungsversagen; Risiko; Schullaufbahn; Soziale Herkunft; Schulform; Leistungstest; Deutschunterricht; Leseverstehen; Mathematikunterricht
Abstract:
Anliegen des vorliegenden Kapitels ist die vergleichende Beschreibung und Analyse von Kompetenzarmut vor und nach der Berliner Schulstrukturreform. Dabei richtet sich [...] die Analyseperspektive aufgrund der Datenlage nicht wie in den Trendberichten von PISA (vgl. Prenzel, Sälzer, Klieme & Köller, 2013) auf die Veränderung des Umfangs der Risikogruppe, sondern auf die vergleichende kriteriale Beschreibung und Analyse der Gruppe der jeweils 13 Prozent Leistungsschwächsten nach Schulleistung und motivationalen Orientierungen unter Berücksichtigung von soziokulturellen, schulbiografischen und institutionellen Merkmalen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
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