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Author(s): Ciordas-Hertel, George-Petru; Rödling, Sebastian; Schneider, Jan; Di Mitri, Daniele; Weidlich, Joshua; Drachsler, Hendrik
Title: Mobile sensing with smart wearables of the physical context of distance learning students to consider its effects on learning
In: Sensors, 21 (2021) 19, S. 6649
DOI: 10.3390/s21196649
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/19/6649
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Lernen; Einflussfaktor; Lernumgebung; Lernort; Lernvoraussetzungen; Hausunterricht; Learning Analytics; Smartphone; Neue Technologien; Datenerhebung; Erhebungsinstrument; Software; Softwareentwicklung; Implementierung; Erwachsener; Fragebogen; Datenanalyse
Abstract: Research shows that various contextual factors can have an impact on learning. Some of these factors can originate from the physical learning environment (PLE) in this regard. When learning from home, learners have to organize their PLE by themselves. This paper is concerned with identifying, measuring, and collecting factors from the PLE that may affect learning using mobile sensing. More specifically, this paper first investigates which factors from the PLE can affect distance learning. The results identify nine types of factors from the PLE associated with cognitive, physiological, and affective effects on learning. Subsequently, this paper examines which instruments can be used to measure the investigated factors. The results highlight several methods involving smart wearables (SWs) to measure these factors from PLEs successfully. Third, this paper explores how software infrastructure can be designed to measure, collect, and process the identified multimodal data from and about the PLE by utilizing mobile sensing. The design and implementation of the Edutex software infrastructure described in this paper will enable learning analytics stakeholders to use data from and about the learners' physical contexts. Edutex achieves this by utilizing sensor data from smartphones and smartwatches, in addition to response data from experience samples and questionnaires from learners' smartwatches. Finally, this paper evaluates to what extent the developed infrastructure can provide relevant information about the learning context in a field study with 10 participants. The evaluation demonstrates how the software infrastructure can contextualize multimodal sensor data, such as lighting, ambient noise, and location, with user responses in a reliable, efficient, and protected manner.
Abstract (english): Research shows that various contextual factors can have an impact on learning. Some of these factors can originate from the physical learning environment (PLE) in this regard. When learning from home, learners have to organize their PLE by themselves. This paper is concerned with identifying, measuring, and collecting factors from the PLE that may affect learning using mobile sensing. More specifically, this paper first investigates which factors from the PLE can affect distance learning. The results identify nine types of factors from the PLE associated with cognitive, physiological, and affective effects on learning. Subsequently, this paper examines which instruments can be used to measure the investigated factors. The results highlight several methods involving smart wearables (SWs) to measure these factors from PLEs successfully. Third, this paper explores how software infrastructure can be designed to measure, collect, and process the identified multimodal data from and about the PLE by utilizing mobile sensing. The design and implementation of the Edutex software infrastructure described in this paper will enable learning analytics stakeholders to use data from and about the learners' physical contexts. Edutex achieves this by utilizing sensor data from smartphones and smartwatches, in addition to response data from experience samples and questionnaires from learners' smartwatches. Finally, this paper evaluates to what extent the developed infrastructure can provide relevant information about the learning context in a field study with 10 participants. The evaluation demonstrates how the software infrastructure can contextualize multimodal sensor data, such as lighting, ambient noise, and location, with user responses in a reliable, efficient, and protected manner.
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Author(s): Decristan, Jasmin; Schastak, Martin; Reitenbach, Valentina; Rauch, Dominique
Title: Außerunterrichtliches Peer Tutoring mit deutsch-türkischsprachigen Grundschulkindern. Umsetzungsgenauigkeit und Umfang von bilingualer Kommunikation
In: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 24 (2021) 4, S. 841-860
DOI: 10.1007/s11618-021-01023-6
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-252329
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-252329
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Datenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland; Grundschüler; Deutsch; Türkisch; Bilingualismus; Kooperatives Lernen; Kommunikation; Peergroup; Tutor; Tandem-Methode; Außerunterrichtliche Betreuung; Training; Rechnen; Leseförderung; Intervention; Implementierung; Umsetzung; Audioaufzeichnung;
Abstract: Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert die Implementation von außerunterrichtlichen Peer Tutoring-Trainings im Lesen und Rechnen mit türkisch-deutschsprachigen Grundschulkindern. Hierbei bildeten jeweils zwei Grundschulkinder (Peers) ein Tandem, das von einer geschulten studentischen Trainingsleitung angeleitet wurde. Zur Erfassung der Implementation von Peer Tutoring-Elementen unter diesen Bedingungen wurde die Umsetzungsgenauigkeit herangezogen. Eine Besonderheit der Studie war, dass es einem Teil der Trainingsgruppen erlaubt war, beide Sprachen während des Trainings zu sprechen. Für die bilinguale Kommunikation wurden zusätzliche Operationalisierungen geprüft, um die Umsetzung bilingualer Kommunikation zu erfassen. Darüber hinaus wird im Beitrag konsequent zwischen der Implementation durch Trainingsleitungen und durch Lernende unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die hohe Umsetzungsgenauigkeit der außerunterrichtlichen Peer Tutoring-Trainings. Sie zeigen aber auch auf, dass die Lernenden in diesem Setting nur wenig miteinander in ihrer Herkunftssprache kommunizierten und mehr türkischsprachige Impulse durch Trainingsleitungen nicht mit mehr bilingualer Kommunikation durch die Lernenden einherging. Der Beitrag liefert somit weitere Erkenntnisse zur Aktivierung und zum Umfang bilingualer Kommunikation beim kooperativen Lernen. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): The paper focusses on the implementation of extracurricular peer tutoring trainings in reading and arithmetic with Turkish-German primary school children. Two children formed a dyad and were accompanied by a trained undergraduate instructor. Adherence was used to measure the implementation of peer tutoring elements under these conditions. Some of the learners were allowed to speak both languages during the training. For bilingual communication, additional operationalizations were examined to capture its implementation. Furthermore, a consistent distinction is made between implementation by trainers and by peers. The results show high treatment adherence of extracurricular peer tutoring trainings. However, they also show that the learners communicated only little with each other in their language of origin and that more Turkish-language impulses by trainees did not correspond with more bilingual communication by the learners. The article thus provides further insights into the activation and extent of bilingual communication in cooperative learning. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung; Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Dignath, Charlotte
Title: For unto every one that hath shall be given. Teachers' competence profiles regarding the promotion of self‑regulated learning moderate the effectiveness of short‑term teacher training
In: Metacognition and Learning, 16 (2021) 3, S. 555-594
DOI: 10.1007/s11409-021-09271-x
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11409-021-09271-x
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Lehrer; Kompetenz; Lernen; Selbstregulation; Unterricht; Schüler; Förderung; Kognitive Prozesse; Metakognition; Motivation; Wissen; Überzeugung; Selbstwirksamkeit; Lehrerfortbildung; Training; Effektivität; Unterricht; Schüler; Förderung; Fragebogenerhebung; Datenanalyse; Chi-Quadrat Test; Regressionsanalyse; Faktorenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract (english): Teachers play a major role in the effectiveness of student learning. Teacher's competence contributes to their classroom practice. We applied a generic model of teacher competence to the specific context of teachers' promotion of self-regulated learning (SRL) in the classroom, and investigated teachers' competence profiles regarding SRL (study 1) and how teachers' competence can moderate the effectiveness of teacher training (study 2). In the first step, in study 1 191 teachers were assessed according to different characteristics that have been found to be important aspects of teacher competence (knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy). To investigate how these characteristics co-occur in teachers we determined latent profiles of teacher competence regarding SRL. To this end, and the data were subjected to a latent profile analysis that yielded two levels of competence profile: low and high competence to promote SRL. These competence profiles were positively associated with teachers' self-reported SRL practice in the classroom. Next, to test whether these competence profiles affect teachers' competence development, we conducted a training study. In this study 2, we examined the effects of an 8-h long teacher training about SRL on the development of teachers' competence (knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy) and on their SRL practice in the classroom with a repeated measures control group design. Forty-five teachers participated in the training, and these teachers and their 543 students evaluated the effectiveness of the training. Training effects were found on the teacher level, but not on the student level. Teachers who participated in the training outperformed the control teachers in their development of self-efficacy to foster SRL, and their perceived SRL practice. Moreover, teachers' competence profiles moderated the training effect, showing that teachers with an initially high competence benefitted more from the training. Applying a generic model of teacher competence to the context of promoting SRL seems beneficial to inspire future research on indicators of teachers' SRL practice. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Ercan, Habibe; Hartmann, Ulrike; Richter, Dirk; Kuschel, Jenny; Gräsel, Cornelia
Title: Effekte von integrativer Führung auf die Datennutzung von Lehrkräften
In: Die Deutsche Schule, 113 (2021) 1, S. 85-100
DOI: 10.31244/dds.2021.01.08
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-220778
URL: http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-220778
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Daten; Deutschland; Fragebogenerhebung; Führungsstil; Informationsnutzung; Informationsquelle; Kooperation; Lehrer; Schulleitung
Abstract: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge zwischen integrativem Schul- leitungshandeln, das transformationale und instruktionale Komponenten enthält, und der Nutzungshäufigkeit verschiedener Datenquellen durch Lehrkräfte. Die Ergebnisse eines Strukturgleichungsmodells zeigen, dass integrative Führung direkte und indirekte Zusammenhänge mit der Nutzung verschiedener Datenquellen aufweist. Die Effekte scheinen vorwiegend durch die Kooperationsaktivität der Lehrkräfte vermittelt zu sein. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): The present article reports the effects of school principals' integrative leadership behavior, including transformational and instructional components, on teachers' data use. Results of a structural equation model indicate significant positive direct and indirect effects on teachers' use of various data. Total effects seem to be mainly mediated by teachers' cooperation activities. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Goldhammer, Frank; Hahnel, Carolin; Kroehne, Ulf; Zehner, Fabian
Title: From byproduct to design factor. On validating the interpretation of process indicators based on log data
In: Large-scale Assessments in Education, 9 (2021) , S. 20
DOI: 10.1186/s40536-021-00113-5
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-250050
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-250050
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Leistungstest; Logdatei; PISA <Programme for International Student Assessment>; PIAAC <Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies>; Datenanalyse; Interpretation; Leistungsmessung; Messverfahren; Indikator; Typologie; Testkonstruktion; Testtheorie
Abstract (english): International large-scale assessments such as PISA or PIAAC have started to provide public or scientific use files for log data; that is, events, event-related attributes and timestamps of test-takers' interactions with the assessment system. Log data and the process indicators derived from it can be used for many purposes. However, the intended uses and interpretations of process indicators require validation, which here means a theoretical and/or empirical justification that inferences about (latent) attributes of the test-taker's work process are valid. This article reviews and synthesizes measurement concepts from various areas, including the standard assessment paradigm, the continuous assessment approach, the evidence-centered design (ECD) framework, and test validation. Based on this synthesis, we address the questions of how to ensure the valid interpretation of process indicators by means of an evidence-centered design of the task situation, and how to empirically challenge the intended interpretation of process indicators by developing and implementing correlational and/or experimental validation strategies. For this purpose, we explicate the process of reasoning from log data to low-level features and process indicators as the outcome of evidence identification. In this process, contextualizing information from log data is essential in order to reduce interpretative ambiguities regarding the derived process indicators. Finally, we show that empirical validation strategies can be adapted from classical approaches investigating the nomothetic span and construct representation. Two worked examples illustrate possible validation strategies for the design phase of measurements and their empirical evaluation. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Grützmacher, Luisa; Vieluf, Svenja; Hartig, Johannes
Title: Are questionnaire scales which measure non-cognitive constructs suitable as school effectiveness criteria? A measurement invariance analysis
In: School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 32 (2021) 3, S. 430-447
DOI: 10.1080/09243453.2021.1903511
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09243453.2021.1903511
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Schule; Effektivität; Messverfahren; Fragebogen; Reliabilität; Validität; Schüler; Sekundarbereich; Deutschunterricht; Lesen; Einstellung <Psy>; Mathematikunterricht; Interesse; Selbstkonzept; Mitarbeit; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Datenanalyse; Hamburg; Deutschland
Abstract (english): This study aimed at examining the suitability of questionnaire instruments commonly used in large-scale assessments for measuring non-cognitive school effectiveness criteria. It focused on questions of reliability and validity for capturing changes in students within schools across time and the instruments' sensitivity to school effects. The aim was also to propose an approach for analyzing measurement invariance across levels and time simultaneously. The study used longitudinal data from the KESS (Kompetenzen und Einstellungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern [competencies and attitudes of students]) study, conducted in Hamburg, Germany. The sample is comprised of 17,926 students in 189 secondary schools. Data were collected three or four times. The results of the analyses show that all investigated scales are suitable in terms of reliability and validity. However, only the scale interest in mathematics is sensitive to school effects and therefore suitable as a school effectiveness criterion. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Hahnel, Carolin; Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula; Schoor, Cornelia
Title: Automated and controlled processes in comprehending multiple documents
In: Studies in Higher Education, 46 (2021) 10, S. 2074-2086
DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2021.1953333
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-243880
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-243880
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Student; Lesen; Dokument; Vielfalt; Informationsverarbeitung; Verhalten; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Kognitive Prozesse; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leseverstehen; Kognitive Kompetenz; Test; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Datenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: The study investigates automated and controlled cognitive processes that occur when university students read multiple documents (MDs). We examined data of 401 students dealing with two MD sets in a digital environment. Performance was assessed through several comprehension questions. Recorded log data gave indications about students' time allocation, corroboration, and sourcing. Independent measures were used for reading speed to tap the effects of automatic processing and for working memory and single-text reading comprehension to tap effects of controlled processing, with working memory considered the mental capacity for performing controlled processing. We found that faster readers completed the MD tasks faster and showed more corroboration behavior. At the same time, students skilled in comprehension allocated more time to processing MD tasks and were more likely to show MD-specific behaviors of corroboration and sourcing. Students' success in MD tasks was predicted by reading speed and working memory, with the effect of working memory being mediated by single-text comprehension. Behavioral indicators contributed independently in predicting students' MD comprehension. Results suggest that reading MDs resembles a problem-solving situation where students need to engage in controlled, non-routine processing to build up a comprehensive representation of MDs and benefit from highly automated, lower-level reading processes. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Hocker, Julian; Bipat, Taryn; McDonald, David W.; Zachry, Marc
Title: Evaluating QualiCO. An ontology to facilitate qualitative methods sharing to support open science
In: Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 12 (2021) , S. 5
DOI: 10.1186/s13174-021-00135-w
URL: https://jisajournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13174-021-00135-w
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Ontologie; qualitative Forschung; Methode; Codierung; Open Science; Forschungsdaten; Metadaten; Datenaustausch; Student; Forscher; Benutzerfreundlichkeit; Evaluation; Leitfadeninterview; Inhaltsanalyse; USA
Abstract (english): Qualitative science methods have largely been omitted from discussions of open science. Platforms focused on qualitative science that support open science data and method sharing are rare. Sharing and exchanging coding schemas has great potential for supporting traceability in qualitative research as well as for facilitating the reuse of coding schemas. In this study, we present and evaluate QualiCO, an ontology to describe qualitative coding schemas. Twenty qualitative researchers used QualiCO to complete two coding tasks. In our findings, we present task performance and interview data that focus participants' attention on the ontology. Participants used QualiCO to complete the coding tasks, decreasing time on task, while improving accuracy, signifying that QualiCO enabled the reuse of qualitative coding schemas. Our discussion elaborates some issues that participants had and highlights how conceptual and prior practice frames their interpretation of how QualiCO can be used. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Author(s): Jornitz, Sieglinde; Macgilchrist, Felicitas
Title: Datafizierte Sichtbarkeiten. Vom Panopticon zum Panspectron in der schulischen Praxis
In: MedienPädagogik, (2021) 45, S. 98-122
DOI: 10.21240/mpaed/45/2021.12.21.X
URL: https://www.medienpaed.com/article/view/1284
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Benotung; Beobachtung; Daten; Datenanalyse; Deutschland; Digitalisierung; Gesamtschule; Interview; Kontrolle; Lehrerin; Medieneinsatz; Mikroanalyse; Pädagogische Praxis; Qualitative Forschung; Schule; Technologie; Transformation; Unterricht
Abstract: Der Beitrag widmet sich den Ambivalenzen, von denen Datenpraktiken in der Schule durchzogen sind. Die Autorinnen nutzen hierfür die Metapher der Sichtbarkeit. Sie zeigen eine dreifache Verschiebung der Sichtbarkeit, wenn digitale Datentechnologien im Unter-richt eingesetzt werden. Diese werden mit den Begriffen Panopticon, Panperspicon und Panspectron beschrieben. Dabei werden pädagogische und weitere schulische Praxisfor-men subtil und beiläufig, aber dennoch weitreichend transformiert. Aufgezeigt wird diese Verschiebung anhand der Analyse eines Interviews mit einer Lehrerin, die vom Einsatz di-gitaler Technologien in ihrem Schulalltag berichtet. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): The paper unfolds the ambivalences that permeate data practices in schools. By using the metaphor of visibility, a threefold shift is shown when digital data technologies are used in the classroom. These shifts are described with the terms panopticon, panperspicon and panspectron. In the process, pedagogical and other school practices are transformed in subtle yet far-reaching ways. The argument is demonstrated by analysing an interview with a teacher who reports on the use of digital technologies in her everyday school life. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Author(s): Keyserlingk, Luise von; Dicke, Anna-Lena; Becker, Michael; Eccles, Jacquelynne J.
Title: What matters when? Social and dimensional comparisons in the context of university major choice
In: AERA Open, 7 (2021)
DOI: 10.1177/23328584211020711
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-251726
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-251726
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Schüler; Student; Studienfach; Fächerwahl; Leistung; Vergleich; Standard; Fähigkeit; Selbstkonzept; Mathematik; Deutsch; Sekundarbereich; Schuljahr 12; Universität; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Leistungstest; Messung; Befragung; Datenanalyse; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Mehrebenenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: Students compare their achievement to different standards in order to evaluate their ability. We built on the theoretical frameworks of situated expectancy-value theory, dimensional comparison theory, and the big-fish-little-pond effect literature to examine the role of social and dimensional comparisons for ability self-concept and subjective task value (STV) in secondary school and university major choice. We used two German longitudinal data sets from different cohorts with data collection in 12th grade and 2 years after high school graduation (Study 1: N = 2,207, Study 2: N = 1,710). Dimensional and social comparisons predicted students' self-concept and domain-specific STV in school: Individual achievement was positively related to ability self-concept and STV in the corresponding domain and negatively related in the noncorresponding domain. School-level mean achievement was negatively related to ability self-concept and STV in the corresponding domain. Dimensional comparisons were directly related to university major choice, social comparisons were only indirectly related. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens