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(Schlagwörter: "Junger Erwachsener")
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Neuronal response specificity as a marker of reading proficiency. Two-fold nature of the N170 […]
Korinth, Sebastian; Sommer, Werner; Breznitz, Zvia
Journal Article
| In: NeuroReport | 2013
33425 Endnote
Author(s):
Korinth, Sebastian; Sommer, Werner; Breznitz, Zvia
Title:
Neuronal response specificity as a marker of reading proficiency. Two-fold nature of the N170 revealed after massive repetition
In:
NeuroReport, 24 (2013) 2, S. 96-100
DOI:
10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835d20b1
URL:
https://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Fulltext/2013/01230/Neuronal_response_specificity_as_a_marker_of.9.aspx
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Experimentelle Untersuchung; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Lesekompetenz; Lesen; Lesetest; Messung; Neurowissenschaften; Verhalten; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
Reading demands precise and efficient letter and word processing. This event-related potentials (ERP) study utilized massive repetition of visually presented single letters to trigger neuronal adaptation. Our aim was to explore whether the adaptation pattern of the N170 ERP component, serving as an indicator of neuronal response specificity, would differ for two reader groups. Forty German students, divided at the median into slow and fast readers, accomplished a visual oddball paradigm. ERPs of standard stimuli were computed separately for the first, second, and third part of the experiment. ERP waveforms and independent component analyses showed two subcomponents within the N170 time window. For both reader groups, the ERP amplitudes decreased over the time course of the experiment; however, only faster readers showed a subcomponent-specific adaptation response, restricted to the earlier N170 part. Results may reflect different degrees of neuronal response specificity in slow and fast readers, which might serve as a promising indicator for interindividual differences in visual recognition tasks such as reading.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
The neural representation of intrusive thoughts
Kühn, Simone; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Schott, Björn H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; […]
Journal Article
| In: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience | 2013
33821 Endnote
Author(s):
Kühn, Simone; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Schott, Björn H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövden, Martin
Title:
The neural representation of intrusive thoughts
In:
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 8 (2013) 6, S. 688-693
DOI:
10.1093/scan/nss047
URL:
http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/6/688
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Beeinflussung; Denken; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Neurowissenschaften; Senior; Sprachgebrauch
Abstract:
Based on the philosophical notion that language embodies thought we investigated whether a habitual tendency for intrusive thought that younger and older participants report over a period of 100 sessions, spread out over about 6 months, is associated with brain regions related to language production. In favour of this hypothesis, we found that individual differences in habitual intrusive thoughts are correlated with activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, Brocas area) as well as the cingulate cortex (CC) during a two-choice reaction-time task in fMRI. Participants who habitually tended to experience intrusive thoughts showed greater activity during task-free (baseline) compared to task periods in brain regions involved in language production. Task performance was unrelated to individual differences in intrusive thoughts. We conclude that intrusive thoughts may be represented in a language-like format and that individuals reporting a habitually higher tendency for intrusive thoughts may have stronger and more habitual inner speech processes.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Does variability in cognitive performance correlate with frontal brain volume?
Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; […]
Journal Article
| In: NeuroImage | 2013
33147 Endnote
Author(s):
Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Raz, Naftali
Title:
Does variability in cognitive performance correlate with frontal brain volume?
In:
NeuroImage, 22 (2013) 64, S. 209-215
DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.039
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811912009494
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Kompetenz; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistungsfähigkeit; Messung; Regressionsanalyse; Senior
Abstract:
Little is known about the neural correlates of within-person variability in cognitive performance. We investigated associations between regional brain volumes and trial-to-trial, block-to-block, and day-to-day variability in choice-reaction time, and episodic and working memory accuracy. Healthy younger (n=25) and older (n=18) adults underwent 101 daily assessments of cognitive performance, and their regional brain volumes were measured manually on magnetic resonance images. Results showed that smaller prefrontal white matter volumes were associated with higher block-to-block variability in choice-reaction time performance, with a stronger association observed among older adults. Smaller volumes of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex covaried with higher block-to-block variability in episodic memory (number-word pair) performance. This association was stronger for younger adults. The observed associations between variability and brain volume were not due to individual differences in mean performance. Trial-to-trial and day-to-day variability in cognitive performance were unrelated to regional brain volume. We thus report novel findings demonstrating that block-by-block variability in cognitive performance is associated with integrity of the prefrontal regions and that between-person differences in different measures of variability of cognitive performance reflect different age-related constellations of behavioral and neural antecedents.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Differential brain shrinkage over 6 months shows limited association with cognitive practice
Raz, Naftali; Schmiedek, Florian; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; […]
Journal Article
| In: Brain and Cognition | 2013
33466 Endnote
Author(s):
Raz, Naftali; Schmiedek, Florian; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövdén, Martin
Title:
Differential brain shrinkage over 6 months shows limited association with cognitive practice
In:
Brain and Cognition, 82 (2013) 2, S. 171-180
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Berlin; Deutschland; Gehirn; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Prozesse; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Lebensalter; Senior; Training; Veränderung
Abstract:
The brain shrinks with age, but the timing of this process and the extent of its malleability are unclear. We measured changes in regional brain volumes in younger (age 20-31) and older (age 65-80) adults twice over a 6 months period, and examined the association between changes in volume, history of hypertension, and cognitive training. Between two MRI scans, 49 participants underwent intensive practice in three cognitive domains for 100 consecutive days, whereas 23 control group members performed no laboratory cognitive tasks. Regional volumes of seven brain structures were measured manually and adjusted for intracranial volume. We observed significant mean shrinkage in the lateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum, but no reliable mean change of the prefrontal white matter, orbital-frontal cortex, and the primary visual cortex. Individual differences in change were reliable in all regions. History of hypertension was associated with greater cerebellar shrinkage. The cerebellum was the only region in which significantly reduced shrinkage was apparent in the experimental group after completion of cognitive training. Thus, in healthy adults, differential brain shrinkage can be observed in a narrow time window, vascular risk may aggravate it, and intensive cognitive activity may have a limited effect on it.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Physical and emotional well-being and the balance of needed and received emotional support. Age […]
Wolff, Julia K.; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Lindenberger, Ulman
Journal Article
| In: Social Science & Medicine | 2013
33714 Endnote
Author(s):
Wolff, Julia K.; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Lindenberger, Ulman
Title:
Physical and emotional well-being and the balance of needed and received emotional support. Age differences in a daily diary study
In:
Social Science & Medicine, 91 (2013) , S. 67-75
DOI:
10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.033
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Alter; Bedürfnis; Deutschland; Emotionaler Zustand; Gesundheit; Junger Erwachsener; Körpererlebnis; Senior; Unterstützung; Wirkung; Wirkungsforschung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract:
Whether received social support matches the actual needs of the recipient is a largely overlooked aspect in research on associations of support and well-being. In particular, studies that investigate the match of needed and received support from a within-person perspective are rare. Therefore, we investigated the daily within-person relationship of well-being and the balance of needed and received social support in a German Sample of 79 younger (23e34 years) and 88 older adults (68e83 years). Health complaints and negative affect were predicted with linear effects of received and needed emotional support and quadratic effects of the balance (i.e., difference) of these two aspects using multilevel modeling of selfreports over 20 days. The predicted beneficial association between a match of needed and received support (i.e., a support balance) and well-being was observed among younger adults. Needed support was associated with more health complaints and negative affect on the same day. The match of needed and received support is important for well-being, particularly in younger adults. Future research should account for support needed in research on received support and shed more light into the processes underlying these short-term within-person relationships of social support and well-being.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Le modèle hiérarchique de diffusion. Une nouvelle perspective dans l'exploration de la variabilité […]
Chicherio, Christian; Dirk, Judith; Vandekerckhove, Joachim; Ghisletta, Paolo; de Ribaupierre, Anik
Book Chapter
| Aus: Carlier, M.; Gilles, P.-Y. (Hrsg.): Vive(nt) les différences: Psychologie différentielle fondamentale et applications | Aix en Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence | 2013
33979 Endnote
Author(s):
Chicherio, Christian; Dirk, Judith; Vandekerckhove, Joachim; Ghisletta, Paolo; de Ribaupierre, Anik
Title:
Le modèle hiérarchique de diffusion. Une nouvelle perspective dans l'exploration de la variabilité inter- et intra-individuelle dans des épreuves de temps de réaction à choix binaire
In:
Carlier, M.; Gilles, P.-Y. (Hrsg.): Vive(nt) les différences: Psychologie différentielle fondamentale et applications, Aix en Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence, 2013 , S. 91-95
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Language:
Französisch
Keywords:
Informationsverarbeitung; Junger Erwachsener; Kind; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Prozesse; Modell; Senior; Test; Vergleich
Abstract:
Le modèle de diffusion de Ratcliff (1978, 2002) a récemment été proposé comme une approche prometteuse permettant d'investiguer plus finement la variabilité intra-individuelle dans des épreuves de temps de réaction à choix binaire, grâce notamment à l'indice de taux d'accumulation de l'information dans le processus décisionnel. Ce modèle a été appliqué dans une large variété d'épreuves cognitives et de domaines de recherche. Au-delà de l'intérêt croissant qu'il suscite, ce modèle présente néamoins diverses contraintes qui limitent son application. Celles-ci sont liées tant aux processus cognitifs étudiés, au type de tâche administrée et aux réponses du sujet, qu'aux méthodes statistiques et logiciels employés. Par conséquent, des approches alternatives, et en particulier le modèle de diffusion simplifié EZ (Wagenmakers, 2008), ont été proposées afin d'exploiter les paramètres principaux du modèle (taux d'accumulation, caractère conservateur de la réponse et temps de non-décision). Cependant, ces indices restent limités à un usage descriptif des données et ne permettraient pas d'évaluer le modèle théorique sous-jacent en tant que tel. Parmi les développements plus récents de ces modèles, Vandekerckhove et al. (2009) proposent une méthodologie basée sur une approche combinée hiérarchique et bayésienne, le modèle hiérarchique de diffusion (MHD). Dans ce cadre, des modèles probabilistes peuvent être élaborés qui respectent la structure complexe et hiérarchique communément observée dans les données comportementales (aux niveaux de la population, de l'individu et de l'item). Dans ce travail, nous avons évalué les apports potentiels du MHD dans le cadre de la Geneva Variability Study (GVS), une étude à large échelle dont le but est de mieux comprendre le développement cognitif, en considérant explicitement et conjointement la variabilité inter- et intra-individuelle. Nous avons examiné plus spécifiquement les différences individuelles et d'âge dans le niveau de performance et la variabilité intraindividuelle sur une épreuve de temps de réaction à choix binaire relativement simple, à savoir le jugement de lignes. Deux cent un enfants de 9 à 12 ans (N(9ans)=50, N(10ans)=50, N(11ans)=51, N(12ans)=50), 137 jeunes adultes (de 19 à 35 ans) et 120 adultes âgés (N(60-70ans)=65 and N(>70ans)=55) ont participé à cette étude. Des modèles imposant différentes structures hiérarchiques et non-hiérarchiques ont été testés. Les résultats montrent, d'une part, que le modèle qui s'ajuste le mieux aux données considère explicitement les différences individuelles et d'âge dans les paramètres du caractère conservateur de la réponse, du taux d'accumulation et du temps de non-décision. Ce modèle considère d'autre part la variabilité intra-individuelle dans ces deux derniers paramètres. En outre, les résultats indiquent que les différences d'âge ont été observées sur tous les paramètres du modèle. Enfin, les paramètres estimés à partir du MHD corrèlent fortement avec les paramètres du modèle simplifié EZ, suggérant que ces derniers fournissent une approximation satisfaisante des processus à l'œuvre. En conclusion, nous discuterons les bénéfices d'un point de vue d'utilisation d'une modélisation hiérarchique bayésienne pour mieux caractériser la variabilité inter- et intra-individuelle dans les processus cognitifs au travers du cycle de vie. Nous discuterons également les perspectives futures de recherche qui pourraient être envisagées dans ce cadre méthodologique.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Variabilité inter- et intra-individuelle dans le fonctionnement cognitif au travers du cycle de la […]
de Ribaupierre, Anik; Chicherio, Christian; Fagot, Delphine; Dirk, Judith; Lecerf, Thierry; […]
Book Chapter
| Aus: Carlier, M.; Gilles, P.-Y. (Hrsg.): Vive(nt) les différences: Psychologie différentielle fondamentale et applications | Aix en Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence | 2013
33978 Endnote
Author(s):
de Ribaupierre, Anik; Chicherio, Christian; Fagot, Delphine; Dirk, Judith; Lecerf, Thierry; Ghisletta, Paolo
Title:
Variabilité inter- et intra-individuelle dans le fonctionnement cognitif au travers du cycle de la vie
In:
Carlier, M.; Gilles, P.-Y. (Hrsg.): Vive(nt) les différences: Psychologie différentielle fondamentale et applications, Aix en Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence, 2013 , S. 97-102
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Language:
Französisch
Keywords:
Junger Erwachsener; Kind; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Prozesse; Lebensalter; Senior; Test; Vergleich
Abstract:
Depuis plusieurs années, les chercheurs en psychologie développementale et cognitive reconnaissent l'importance de la variabilité interindividuelle. Cette conscience a motivé de nombreux travaux empiriques à analyser d'autres indices que ceux concernés par les tendances centrales. Néanmoins, le concept de variabilité est trop souvent interprété comme synonyme de différences interindividuelles, en dépit d'une littérature croissante montrant l'existence et l'importance de la variabilité intra-individuelle (Vii). Nous présenterons l'échantillon, le plan expérimental et les résultats généraux de la Geneva Variability Study (GVS), une étude à large échelle dont le but est de mieux comprendre le développement cognitif, en considérant explicitement et conjointement la variabilité inter- et intra-individuelle. Deux cent un enfants (âgés de 9 à 12 ans), 137 jeunes adultes (18 à 35 ans) et 122 adultes âgés de 60 ans et plus ont participé à cette étude. Les participants ont réalisé une tâche de temps de réaction simple, deux tâches de temps de réaction à choix binaire, deux tâches de vitesse perceptive, deux tâches d'inhibition et deux tâches de mémoire de travail. En outre, des épreuves d'intelligence fluide et cristallisée ainsi que des mesures de santé subjective ont été administrées. En ce qui concerne les tâches de temps de réaction, chaque épreuve contient un nombre suffisamment important d'essais afin de permettre la quantification de la variabilité intra-individuelle (plus de 100 essais). Des indicateurs standards de Vii, tels que l'écart-type et le coefficient de variation individuels, ont été utilisés dans les analyses. De plus, nos analyses se basent sur des indicateurs moins fréquemment utilisés, tels que les paramètres ex-Gaussiens, en particulier tau et sigma, issus des distributions individuelles des temps de réponse. Nous présenterons dans un premier temps les résultats concernant la comparaison, pour chacune des tâches, de ces divers indices de Vii et du niveau de performance. Nous présenterons ensuite les résultats d'analyses multivariées visant à étudier les relations, pour chaque indice de Vii, entre les diverses tâches. Les données indiquent d'importantes différences individuelles et d'âge dans la Vii et cela quel que soit le niveau d'analyse. De façon générale, les enfants représentent le groupe le plus variable (avec des différences d'âge non négligeables à l'intérieur de ce groupe), suivi des adultes âgés, alors que les adultes jeunes sont quant à eux les moins variables. Les limites et perspectives de cette étude seront discutées à la lumière des recherches récentes en psychologie cognitive sur la Vii.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Daily variability in working memory is coupled with negative affect. The role of attention and […]
Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Journal Article
| In: Emotion | 2012
32712 Endnote
Author(s):
Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Title:
Daily variability in working memory is coupled with negative affect. The role of attention and motivation
In:
Emotion, 12 (2012) 3, S. 605-617
DOI:
10.1037/a0024436
URL:
https://doi.apa.org/record/2011-15460-001
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Affekt; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufgabe; Aufmerksamkeit; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Deutschland; Individuum; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Leistungsfähigkeit; Motivation; Test; Unterschied
Abstract (english):
Across days, individuals experience varying levels of negative affect, control of attention, and motivation. We investigated whether this intraindividual variability was coupled with daily fluctuations in working memory (WM) performance. In 100 days, 101 younger individuals worked on a spatial N-back task and rated negative affect, control of attention, and motivation. Results showed that individuals differed in how reliably WM performance fluctuated across days, and that subjective experiences were primarily linked to performance accuracy. WM performance was lower on days with higher levels of negative affect, reduced control of attention, and reduced task-related motivation. Thus, variables that were found to predict WM in betweensubjects designs showed important relationships to WM at the within-person level. In addition, there was shared predictive variance among predictors of WM. Days with increased negative affect and reduced performance were also days with reduced control of attention and reduced motivation to work on tasks. These findings are in line with proposed mechanisms linking negative affect and cognitive performance.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Memory updating practice across 100 days in the COGITO study
Shing, Yee-Lee; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Journal Article
| In: Psychology and Aging | 2012
32710 Endnote
Author(s):
Shing, Yee-Lee; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Title:
Memory updating practice across 100 days in the COGITO study
In:
Psychology and Aging, 27 (2012) 2, S. 451-461
DOI:
10.1037/a0025568
URL:
https://doi.apa.org/record/2011-22901-001
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Empirische Untersuchung; Forschungsdesign; Gedächtnis; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Kompetenz; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistungssteigerung; Leistungstest; Senior; Training; Unterschied
Abstract (english):
We investigated working memory updating performance in younger and older adults before, during, and after 100-day practice. Performance to presentation time (PT) relation was fitted to a negatively accelerated logistic function. Relative to younger adults, older adults showed lower asymptotes at pretest and posttest, and shallower slopes at pretest. Older adults practicing the task with fast PT gained less than older adults practicing the task with slow PT, probably reflecting the persistent use of a selective strategy throughout the 100-day practice period in the fast PT group. These results have implications for designing and evaluating age-comparative working memory training programs.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Health is health is health? Age differences in intraindividual variability and in within-person […]
Wolff, Julia K.; Brose, Annette; Lövdén, Martin; Tesch-Römer, Clemens; Lindenberger, Ulman; […]
Journal Article
| In: Psychology and Aging | 2012
33308 Endnote
Author(s):
Wolff, Julia K.; Brose, Annette; Lövdén, Martin; Tesch-Römer, Clemens; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Title:
Health is health is health? Age differences in intraindividual variability and in within-person versus between-person factor structures of self-reported health complaints
In:
Psychology and Aging, 27 (2012) 4, S. 881-891
DOI:
10.1037/a0029125
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Alter; Altern; Befragung; Faktorenanalyse; Gesundheit; Gesundheitsschaden; Junger Erwachsener; Messung; Psychometrie; Senior; Subjektivität; Vergleich; Wohlbefinden
Abstract:
The variability of health complaints within individuals across time has rarely been studied, and the question whether between- and within-person factor structures of health-related variables are equivalent has not been tested so far. We examined self-reported health complaints in 101 younger (20-31 years) and 103 older adults (65-80 years) over a period of 100 daily assessments. Data were analyzed with confirmatory two-level factor analysis. One-factor structures of health complaints provided an acceptable fit at the between- and average within-person levels in both age groups, supporting the assumption of equivalent average within- and between-person factor structures for health complaints. Age differences in loading patterns indicated that subjective health may be experienced differently by younger and older adults. Small age differences in mean levels of health symptoms were observed. Intraindividual variability in health complaints was reliable. Older adults fluctuated less from day to day than younger adults, presumably reflecting less fluctuation in objective health, differences in response styles, situational influences, or habituation processes. We conclude that future research should consider intraindividual variability as being descriptive of a person's health status, and take possible differences between within- and between-person factor structures of subjective health into account.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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