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Author(s): Begrich, Lukas; Praetorius, Anna-Katharina; Decristan, Jasmin; Fauth, Benjamin; Göllner, Richard; Herrmann, Christian; Kleinknecht, Marc; Taut, Sandy; Kunter, Mareike
Title: Was tun? Perspektiven für eine Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung der Zukunft
In: Unterrichtswissenschaft, 51 (2023) , S. 63-97
DOI: 10.1007/s42010-023-00163-4
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42010-023-00163-4
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Deutschland; Diagnostik; Digitalisierung; Diskurs; Forschungsdesign; Gesellschaft; Herausforderung; Heterogenität; Innovation; Konzeption; Modell; Netzwerk; Qualität; Schüler; Schweiz; Unterricht; Unterrichtsforschung; Veränderung; Zukunftswerkstatt
Abstract: Die Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten viel zum Verständnis der Merkmale beitragen, die einen qualitätsvollen Unterricht auszeichnen. Sie hat einflussreiche Modelle hervorgebracht, die eine gemeinsame Grundlage für die Erforschung des Unterrichts bereitstellen. Gleichzeitig bringen gesellschaftliche Veränderungsprozesse eine Neuorientierung des schulischen Unterrichts mit sich, und es lässt sich fragen, ob die Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung mit ihren bisherigen Ansätzen in der Lage ist, in Zukunft zum Gelingen von Unterricht beizutragen. Im Rahmen einer Zukunftswerkstatt hat das Leibniz-Netzwerk Unterrichtsforschung daher einen längerfristig angelegten Prozess gestartet, um sich mit dem Unterricht der Zukunft zu beschäftigen und zu versuchen, drängende Fragen und Handlungsfelder für die Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung zu identifizieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse dieses initialen Austauschs dar. Zudem wird ein Einblick in die gegenwärtige Arbeit im Netzwerk gegeben, die aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen der Zukunftswerkstatt eine Weiterentwicklung der Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung anstrebt. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): Over the past decades, research on teaching quality has substantially contributed to the understanding of high quality teaching. It has brought forth influential models that provide a common ground for research on teaching. At the same time, societal change requires a reorientation of teaching in schools. It seems questionable whether the current approaches of teaching quality research can contribute to the success of teaching in the future. Therefore, based on a future workshop method, the Leibniz Network of Research on Teaching Quality has started a longer-term working process to consider future developments of teaching and to identify urgent questions and fields of action for research on teaching quality. The present paper outlines the results of this initial exchange. Furthermore, it gives insight into the current work within the network that aims at an advancement of research on teaching quality based on the results of the workshop. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Deribo, Tobias; Goldhammer, Frank; Kröhne, Ulf
Title: Changes in the speed-ability relation through different treatments of rapid guessing
In: Educational and Psychological Measurement, 83 (2023) 3, S. 473-494
DOI: 10.1177/00131644221109490
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00131644221109490
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Antwort; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Fertigkeit; Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie; Item-Response-Theory; Leistungstest; Modell; Panel; Psychometrie; Reliabilität; Student; Test; Validität; Verhalten; Zeit
Abstract (english): As researchers in the social sciences, we are often interested in studying not directly observable constructs through assessments and questionnaires. But even in a well-designed and well-implemented study, rapid-guessing behavior may occur. Under rapid-guessing behavior, a task is skimmed shortly but not read and engaged with in-depth. Hence, a response given under rapid-guessing behavior does bias constructs and relations of interest. Bias also appears reasonable for latent speed estimates obtained under rapid-guessing behavior, as well as the identified relation between speed and ability. This bias seems especially problematic considering that the relation between speed and ability has been shown to be able to improve precision in ability estimation. For this reason, we investigate if and how responses and response times obtained under rapid-guessing behavior affect the identified speed-ability relation and the precision of ability estimates in a joint model of speed and ability. Therefore, the study presents an empirical application that highlights a specific methodological problem resulting from rapid-guessing behavior. Here, we could show that different (non-)treatments of rapid guessing can lead to different conclusions about the underlying speed-ability relation. Furthermore, different rapid-guessing treatments led to wildly different conclusions about gains in precision through joint modeling. The results show the importance of taking rapid guessing into account when the psychometric use of response times is of interest. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Morinaj, Julia; De Moll, Frederick; Hascher, Tina; Hadjar, Andreas; Grecu, Alyssa; Scharf, Jan
Title: School alienation among adolescents in Switzerland and Luxembourg. The role of parent and peer supportive attitudes toward school and teacher autonomy support
In: Youth & Society, 55 (2023) 2, S. 187-212
DOI: 10.1177/0044118X211043902
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0044118X211043902
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Akteur; Bern <Kanton>; Einstellung <Psy>; Eltern; Empirische Untersuchung; Entfremdung; Fragebogenerhebung; Jugendlicher; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Lehrer; Luxemburg; Peergroup; Schule; Schüler; Schuljahr 07; Schuljahr 08; Schuljahr 09; Schweiz; Sekundarbereich; Sozialisation; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Unterstützung; Vergleichsuntersuchung
Abstract (english): Prior research has shown that socialization agents such as parents, peers, and teachers can play a significant role in adolescents' educational outcomes, both through direct support or indirectly via supportive attitudes that foster students' bonding to school and academic motivation. However, less is known about the effects of parent and peer supportive attitudes and teacher autonomy support on unfavorable educational outcomes such as school alienation. This study investigated the role of socialization agents in the development of school alienation among 544 secondary school students in Switzerland and 535 secondary school students in Luxembourg in grades 7 to 9. Results of structural equation modeling showed that the role of socialization agents varies across the school alienation domains and educational contexts, with peers having the most substantial impact on all three domains of alienation in both countries. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
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Author(s): Kullmann, Sylvia
Title: KI-Tutorial an der Hochschule Darmstadt
Published: 2023
URL: https://dgi-info.de/die-modelle-hinter-chatgpt-ki-tutorial-an-der-hochschule-darmstadt/
Publication Type: 7. Blogbeiträge; Pod-; Vidcasts; Blogbeiträge
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Automatisierung; Kompetenz; Künstliche Intelligenz; Sprachmodell; Sprachverarbeitung; Zukunft
Abstract: Wie sieht KI die Welt? Diese und andere Fragen waren Gegenstand eines virtuellen KI-Tutorials am 28. März 2023 an der Hochschule Darmstadt. In acht Einheiten führten Prof. Dr. Markus Döhring und sein Team aus angehenden Data Scientists an der Hochschule Darmstadt Teilnehmende mit und ohne Informatik-Vorkenntnisse durch die Welt der KI-Sprachmodelle.
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Author(s): Becker, Michael; Kocaj, Aleksander; Jansen, Malte; Dumont, Hanna; Lüdtke, Oliver
Title: Class-average achievement and individual achievement development. Testing achievement composition and peer spillover effects using five German longitudinal studies
In: Journal of Educational Psychology, 114 (2022) 1, S. 177-197
DOI: 10.1037/edu0000519
URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2022-03037-001
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Datenanalyse; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Entwicklung; Gegliedertes Schulsystem; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Leistung; Mehrebenenanalyse; Schüler; Schülerleistung; Schuljahr 04; Schuljahr 05; Schuljahr 06; Schuljahr 07; Schuljahr 09; Schuljahr 10; Schulklasse; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Wirkung; Zusammensetzung
Abstract: In recent studies, the existence and relevance of achievement composition effects on students' individual achievement have been called into question because of the methodological challenges arising in multilevel analyses. Our study examined how class-average achievement is related to students' achievement development across one school year. We used data from Germany, which has a secondary school system with large achievement differences between schools and classrooms due to rigid, explicit between-school tracking practices. We accounted for two methodological challenges, controlling for both selection bias and measurement error. Adopting an approach based on integrative data analysis (IDA), we systematically (re)analyzed five German longitudinal large-scale data sets. This IDA approach allowed us to quantify the extent to which results vary across (a) different longitudinal data sets and (b) different analytical strategies (i.e., ways of accounting for confounding variables and measurement reliability). Overall, we found both general achievement composition effects and narrower peer spillover effects (i.e., effects of student composition above and beyond the effects of tracking) in the German setting, even after controlling for measurement error and selection bias. Our results counter recent suggestions that composition effects on achievement development may be mere phantom effects due to methodological misspecifications. However, estimates of composition effects varied substantially based on the analytical approach. We conclude with considerations regarding how to interpret composition effects in multilevel modeling and which effects are of interest for educational research. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
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Author(s): Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Houben, Marlies; Erbas, Yasemine; Brose, Annette
Title: Why do my thoughts feel so bad? Getting at the reciprocal effects of rumination and negative affect using dynamic structural equation modeling
In: Emotion, 22 (2022) 8, S. 1773-1786
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000946
URL: https://doi.apa.org/record/2021-21139-001
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Belgien; Datenanalyse; Datenerfassung; Dauer; Denken; Depression; Deutschland; Einstellung <Psy>; Emotion; Emotionaler Zustand; Fragebogenerhebung; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Messverfahren; Psychische Vorgänge; Stimmung; Stress; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Student; Tagesablauf; Wirkung
Abstract: Rumination means to perseveratively think about one's negative feelings and problems. It is a response to affective distress that is often referred to as maladaptive emotion regulation. According to the response styles theory and control theory, rumination may further prolong and exacerbate affective distress. This means that rumination can be viewed as both an antecedent and an outcome of negative affect (NA), and vice versa. However, at the level of short-term dynamics, state rumination and NA have previously mainly been examined as two separate outcomes. To model the reciprocal within-person effects and hence, to match theoretical assumptions, we combined the two interrelated time series in one model using dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM). Both effects (NA on subsequent rumination and rumination on subsequent NA) were modeled simultaneously while acknowledging the autoregressive nature of both states (inert properties). We used data from two experience sampling studies (NStudy 1 = 200 Belgian university students; NStudy 2 = 70 German university students). Participants were paged on smartphones several times a day (Study 1: 10; Study 2: 6) for several days (Study 1: 7; Study 2: 9-12). In both studies, we found evidence for reciprocal effects of NA and rumination, and both processes showed autoregressive relationships. Aside from central findings, higher levels of rumination were also associated with higher rumination inertia, pointing toward more habitual rumination also being associated with prolonged rumination. Together, using DSEM, we found reciprocal associations between rumination and NA, while providing new insights into the dynamics between the two processes. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Brose, Annette; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Integrating state dynamics and trait change. A tutorial using the example of stress reactivity and change in well-being
In: European Journal of Personality, 36 (2022) 2, S. 180-199
DOI: 10.1177/08902070211014055
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08902070211014055
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Mehrebenenanalyse; Stress; Reaktion; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden; Emotionaler Zustand; Veränderung; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Messverfahren; Methode; Modellierung; Simulation; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Regressionsanalyse
Abstract: Recent theoretical accounts on the causes of trait change emphasize the potential relevance of states. In the same vein, reactions to daily stress have been shown to prospectively predict change in well-being, speaking for the proposition that state dynamics can be a precursor to long-term change in more stable individual-differences characteristics. A common analysis approach towards linking state dynamics such as stress reactivity and change in some more stable individual differences characteristic has been a two-step approach, modeling state dynamics and trait change separately. In this paper, we elaborate on one-step procedures to simultaneously model state dynamics and trait change, realized in the multilevel structural equation modeling framework. We highlight three distinct advantages over the two-step approach which pre-exists in the methodological literature, and we disseminate these advantages to a larger audience. We target a readership of substantive researchers interested in the relationships between state dynamics and traits or trait change, and we provide them with a tutorial style paper on state-of-the-art methods on these topics. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Ehm, Jan-Henning; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Der wechselseitige Einfluss von Selbstkonzept und Leistung bei Grundschulkindern im Lichte verschiedener längsschnittlicher Analysemethoden
In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 36 (2022) 4, S. 279-288
DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000303
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1024/1010-0652/a000303
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: Grundschüler; Schuljahr 01; Schuljahr 02; Schuljahr 03; Selbstkonzept; Leistung; Mathematik; Beziehung; Reziprozität; Modell; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem akademischen Selbstkonzept und der Leistung wird als reziprok angesehen. Während eine große Anzahl von Studienergebnissen im Sinne einer bidirektionalen Beziehung interpretiert wurden, basieren bisherige Analysen zumeist auf Variationen des klassischen Cross-Lagged-Panel-Modells und beziehen oft nur einen Leistungsindikator in die Modelle mit ein. Ergebnisse basierend auf neueren Modellen, wie beispielsweise dem Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model liegen bisher kaum vor. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie bestand darin, die längsschnittliche Beziehung zwischen Selbstkonzept und Leistung mit unterschiedlichen Modellen zu analysieren, um herauszufinden, ob die Modelle zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der wechselseitigen Effekte kommen. Basierend auf einer Stichprobe von 1952 Grundschulkindern von Klasse eins bis drei, ergaben sich deutliche Unterschiede. Während Effekte von der Leistung auf das Selbstkonzept in allen Modellen nachgewiesen werden konnten, ist die Evidenz für umgekehrte Effekte eher schwach. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund theoretischer Annahmen und der Angemessenheit methodischer Verfahren zur Analyse von längschnittlichen Daten diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): The association between academic self-concept and achievement is assumed to be reciprocal. Although a large amount of research has been interpreted as demonstrating a bidirectional association, these results are typically based on variants of the classical cross-lagged panel model and often include only one achievement indicator in the models. Results with more recently developed methodological approaches, for example, the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model, are hardly found so far. The present study aimed to test the association between math self-concept and math achievement with different models to evaluate whether positive cross effects can be demonstrated with the alternative models. Drawing on a sample of 1952 elementary students from Grade 1 to Grade 3, results of structural equation modeling yielded noticeable differences. While effects of achievement on self-concept can be demonstrated in all models, the evidence for the reverse effects is rather weak. The results are discussed with regard to the theoretical assumptions and appropriate methodological approaches. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Author(s): Fährmann, Katharina; Köhler, Carmen; Hartig, Johannes; Heine, Jörg‑Henrik
Title: Practical significance of item misfit and its manifestations in constructs assessed in large‑scale studies
In: Large-scale Assessments in Education, 10 (2022) , S. 7
DOI: 10.1186/s40536‑022‑00124‑w
URL: https://largescaleassessmentsineducation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40536-022-00124-w
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Abstract (english): When scaling psychological tests with methods of item response theory it is necessary to investigate to what extent the responses correspond to the model predictions. In addition to the statistical evaluation of item misfit, the question arises as to its practical significance. Although item removal is undesirable for several reasons, its practical consequences are rarely investigated and focus mostly on main survey data with pre-selected items. In this paper, we identify criteria to evaluate practical significance and discuss them with respect to various types of assessments and their particular purposes. We then demonstrate the practical consequences of item misfit using two data examples from the German PISA 2018 field trial study: one with cognitive data and one with non-cognitive/metacognitive data. For the former, we scale the data under the GPCM with and without the inclusion of misfitting items, and investigate how this influences the trait distribution and the allocation to reading competency levels. For non-cognitive/metacognitive data, we explore the effect of excluding misfitting items on estimated gender differences. Our results indicate minor practical consequences for person allocation and no changes in the estimated gender-difference effects. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Author(s): Hartl, Anna; Holzberger, Doris; Hugo, Julia; Wolf, Kristin; Kunter, Mareike
Title: Promoting student teachers' well-being. A multi-study approach investigating the longitudinal relationship between emotional exhaustion, emotional support, and the intentions of dropping out of university
In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 230 (2022) 3, S. 241-252
DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000495
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/2151-2604/a000495
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Burnout-Syndrom; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Emotionaler Zustand; Faktorenanalyse; Fragebogenerhebung; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Latente Wachstumskurvenmodelle; Lehramtsstudent; Lehramtsstudium; Lehrerausbildung; Leistungsversagen; Likert-Fragebogen; Motivation; Peergroup; Qualitative Forschung; Quantitative Forschung; Soziale Beziehung; Studienabbruch; Studienbedingungen; Universität; Unterstützung; Veränderung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Student teachers' well-being is particularly important in times of teacher shortage. To prevent student dropout and promote students' well-being, demands and resources within university teacher education need to be identified. Demands like workload or time pressure can lead to emotional exhaustion in the long-term, while resources like emotional support may foster well-being. By conducting a quantitative, longitudinal study on 903 student teachers from German universities, we investigate the relationship between the emotional support of peers (as a resource) and emotional exhaustion (an indicator of well-being). In addition, we conducted a qualitative study to analyze demands as possible reasons for dropout during teacher education. Latent change score models indicate that emotional exhaustion first increases and then slightly decreases over the course of three semesters. Emotional support by peers remains stable over time. The bivariate latent change model suggests that social support is not a predictor of later emotional exhaustion. The qualitative study analyzed three main dropout intentions: performance problems, lack of study motivation, and study conditions. Especially study conditions at university can be adjusted and act as a resource to increase students' well-being. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen