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Reduced sensory oscillatory activity during rapid auditory processing as a correlate of […]
Heim, Sabine; Friedman, Jennifer Thomas; Keil, Andreas; Benasich, April A.
Journal Article
| In: Journal of Neurolinguistics | 2011
31974 Endnote
Author(s):
Heim, Sabine; Friedman, Jennifer Thomas; Keil, Andreas; Benasich, April A.
Title:
Reduced sensory oscillatory activity during rapid auditory processing as a correlate of language-learning impairment
In:
Journal of Neurolinguistics, 24 (2011) 5, S. 538-555
DOI:
10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.09.006
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.09.006
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Entwicklungsstörung; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Gehirn; Hören; Informationsverarbeitung; Kind; Kognitive Prozesse; Linguistik; Neurowissenschaften; Sinneseindruck; Sprachentwicklung; Spracherkennung; USA
Abstract (english):
Successful language acquisition has been hypothesized to involve the ability to integrate rapidly presented, brief acoustic cues in sensory cortex. A body of work has suggested that this ability is compromised in language-learning impairment (LLI). The present research aimed to examine sensory integration during rapid auditory processing by means of electrophysiological measures of oscillatory brain activity using data from a larger longitudinal study. Twenty-nine children with LLI and control participants with typical language development (n = 18) listened to tone doublets presented at a temporal interval that is essential for accurate speech processing (70-ms interstimulus interval). The children performed a deviant (pitch change of second tone) detection task, or listened passively. The electroencephalogram was recorded from 64 electrodes. Data were source-projected to the auditory cortices and submitted to wavelet analysis, resulting in time-frequency representations of electrocortical activity. Results show significantly reduced amplitude and phase-locking of early (45 75 ms) oscillations in the gamma-band range (29 52 Hz), specifically in the LLI group, for the second stimulus of the tone doublet. This suggests altered temporal organization of sensory oscillatory activity in LLI when processing rapid sequences.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Response retrieval and negative priming: Encoding and retrieval specific effects
Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Herrmann, Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Journal Article
| In: Experimental Psychology | 2011
32304 Endnote
Author(s):
Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Herrmann, Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Title:
Response retrieval and negative priming: Encoding and retrieval specific effects
In:
Experimental Psychology, 58 (2011) 2, S. 154-161
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufmerksamkeit; Auswahl; Erkennen; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Kognitive Prozesse; Neurowissenschaften; Psychologische Forschung; Test; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
In a recent debate concerning the origin of the negative priming (NP) effect, evidence for the involvement of retrieval processes during the prime episode has accumulated. Rothermund, Wentura, and De Houwer (2005) explain the effect as a product of a conflict between retrieved and current response. Since specific properties of the involved encoding and retrieval mechanisms were not investigated so far, we extend the response-retrieval framework by asking if encoding during prime processing and retrieval-specific processes during probe processing have a modulating influence on the priming effects. In an overlapping-picture task experiment with an explicit variation of the role of the objects in prime and probe, we reproduce the response-retrieval-specific Response-retrieval × Priming interaction but find a modulation caused by the role of the repeated object in the probe trial. This modulation manifests in a vanishing interaction when the repeated object is a distractor in the probe. We interpret these findings in support of the response-retrieval theory of NP and conclude that the retrieval mechanism is more flexible than previously believed since it is sensitive to relevance of the repeated object regarding the experimental task.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Brain areas consistently linked to individual differences in perceptual decision-making […]
Kühn, Simone; Schmiedek, Florian; Schott, Björn; Ratcliff, Roger; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; […]
Journal Article
| In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience | 2011
31834 Endnote
Author(s):
Kühn, Simone; Schmiedek, Florian; Schott, Björn; Ratcliff, Roger; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Düzel, Emrah; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövdén, Martin
Title:
Brain areas consistently linked to individual differences in perceptual decision-making in younger as well as older adults before and after training
In:
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23 (2011) 9, S. 2147-2158
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Alter; Entscheidung; Erwachsener; Gehirn; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistung; Modell; Neurowissenschaften; Test; Training; Unterschied; Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
Perceptual decision-making performance depends on several cognitive and neural processes. Here, we fit Ratcliff s diffusion model to accuracy data and reaction-time distributions from one numerical and one verbal two-choice perceptual-decision task to deconstruct these performance measures into the rate of evidence accumulation (i.e., drift rate), response criterion setting (i.e., boundary separation), and peripheral aspects of performance (i.e., nondecision time). These theoretical processes are then related to individual differences in brain activation by means of multiple regression. The sample consisted of 24 younger and 15 older adults performing the task in fMRI before and after 100 daily 1-hr behavioral training sessions in a multitude of cognitive tasks. Results showed that individual differences in boundary separation were related to striatal activity, whereas differences in drift rate were related to activity in the inferior parietal lobe. These associations were not significantly modified by adult age or perceptual expertise. We conclude that the striatum is involved in regulating response thresholds, whereas the inferior parietal lobe might represent decision-making evidence related to letters and numbers.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Neurokognitive Korrelate der Dyskalkulie
Lonnemann, Jan; Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Lindberg, Sven
Journal Article
| In: Kindheit und Entwicklung | 2011
31589 Endnote
Author(s):
Lonnemann, Jan; Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Lindberg, Sven
Title:
Neurokognitive Korrelate der Dyskalkulie
In:
Kindheit und Entwicklung, 20 (2011) 1, S. 13-20
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Arithmetik; Entwicklungsstörung; Kind; Kognition; Neurowissenschaften; Rechenschwäche; Rechnen; Zahlensystem
Abstract:
Dargestellt werden potentielle kognitive und neuronale Verursachungsfaktoren der Dyskalkulie. Ergebnisse zu approximativen Mengenrepräsentationen, basalen visuellen Mechanismen der Mengenwahrnehmung (Subitizing), symbolischen Mengenrepräsentationen und arithmetischen Prozessen werden skizziert und diskutiert. Die berichteten Befunde legen nahe, dass verschiedene Ursachen für das Zustandekommen einer Dyskalkulie verantwortlich sein können, denen spezifische Störungen auf neuronaler Ebene zugrunde liegen könnten. Individuelle Störungsprofile sollten daher stärkere Beachtung finden, um in der Zukunft individuelle Förderansätze entwickeln zu können.
Abstract (english):
Various potential determinants of dyscalculia on the cognitive as well as on the neural level are presented. Findings concerning approximate quantity representations, basic visual mechanisms for capturing quantities (subitizing), symbolic quantity representations, and arithmetic processes are outlined and discussed. The reported findings suggest that there might be a number of different causes for the occurrence of dyscalculia, which come along with specific impairments at the neural level. Individual profiles of dyscalculia should therefore receive more attention in order to be able to develop approaches to support individuals.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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