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(Schlagwörter: "Semantik")

Tätigkeitsfelder, Verhaltenserwartungen und Beobachtungswissen. Zur Herausbildung eines […] Berdelmann, Kathrin; Reh, Sabine; Scholz, Joachim Journal Article | In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogik | 2023 44003 Endnote: Author(s): Berdelmann, Kathrin; Reh, Sabine; Scholz, Joachim
Title: Tätigkeitsfelder, Verhaltenserwartungen und Beobachtungswissen. Zur Herausbildung eines Qualitätsmerkmals 'pädagogisch' im Laufe des 18. Jahrhunderts
In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 69 (2023) 4, S. 412-427
DOI: 10.3262/ZP2304412
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Deutsch
Keywords: 18. Jahrhundert; Begriff; Berufsanforderung; Bildungsgeschichte; Dokumentenanalyse; Erwartung; Geschichte <Histor>; Institutionalisierung; Lehrerausbildung; Lehrerberuf; Lehrerseminar; Pädagogik; Pädagogisches Handeln; Qualität; Semantik; Sprachgebrauch; Verhalten; Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Abstract: Der Beitrag untersucht die aufkommende Verwendung des Adjektivs 'pädagogisch' im Umfeld früher Lehrerbildungsinitiativen des 18. Jahrhunderts. Ausgehend von Versuchen an den Franckeschen Anstalten, junge Lehrkräfte, die ohne spezielle Ausbildung und Erfahrung unterrichteten, zu ertüchtigen, entwickelten sich in Halle und an anderen Orten weitere Institutionalisierungsversuche für die Lehrkräfteausbildung. In diesem Zuge entstanden Vorstellungen über ein methodisch geleitetes, richtiges Handeln und ein besonderes Wissensgebiet, die Pädagogik. Für das richtige Handeln in diesem Feld etablierte sich zunehmend das Adjektiv 'pädagogisch', so dass gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts von der Existenz eines 'pädagogischen Feldes' gesprochen werden kann. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bibliothek für Bildungsgeschichtliche Forschung

Controlling speed in component skills of reading improves the explanation of reading comprehension Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul Journal Article | In: Journal of Educational Psychology | 2021 41462 Endnote: Author(s): Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul
Title: Controlling speed in component skills of reading improves the explanation of reading comprehension
In: Journal of Educational Psychology, 113 (2021) 5, S. 861-878
DOI: 10.1037/edu0000655
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237977
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237977
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Lesekompetenz; Fertigkeit; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistung; Antwort; Zeit; Wort; Semantik; Text; Leseverstehen; PISA <Programme for International Student Assessment>; Schüler; Messverfahren; Test; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the latent variables of ability and speed. Interpreting only ability or speed as efficiency may be misleading because there is a within-person dependency between both variables (speed-ability tradeoff [SAT]). Therefore, the present study measures efficiency as ability conditional on speed by controlling speed experimentally with item-level time limits. The proposed timed ability measures of reading component skills are expected to have a clearer interpretation in terms of efficiency and to be better predictors for reading comprehension. To support this claim, this study investigates two component skills, visual word recognition and sentence-level semantic integration (sentence reading), to understand how differences in ability in a timed condition are related to differences in ability and speed in a traditional untimed condition. Moreover, untimed and timed reading component skill measures were used to explain reading comprehension. A German subsample from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 completed the reading component skills tasks with and without item-level time limits and PISA reading tasks. The results showed that timed ability is only moderately related to untimed ability. Furthermore, timed ability measures proved to be stronger predictors of sentence-level and text-level reading comprehension than the corresponding untimed ability and speed measures, although using untimed ability and speed jointly as predictors increased the amount of explained variance.
Abstract (english): Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the latent variables of ability and speed. Interpreting only ability or speed as efficiency may be misleading because there is a within-person dependency between both variables (speed-ability tradeoff [SAT]). Therefore, the present study measures efficiency as ability conditional on speed by controlling speed experimentally with item-level time limits. The proposed timed ability measures of reading component skills are expected to have a clearer interpretation in terms of efficiency and to be better predictors for reading comprehension. To support this claim, this study investigates two component skills, visual word recognition and sentence-level semantic integration (sentence reading), to understand how differences in ability in a timed condition are related to differences in ability and speed in a traditional untimed condition. Moreover, untimed and timed reading component skill measures were used to explain reading comprehension. A German subsample from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 completed the reading component skills tasks with and without item-level time limits and PISA reading tasks. The results showed that timed ability is only moderately related to untimed ability. Furthermore, timed ability measures proved to be stronger predictors of sentence-level and text-level reading comprehension than the corresponding untimed ability and speed measures, although using untimed ability and speed jointly as predictors increased the amount of explained variance.
DIPF-Departments: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen

Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of […] Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian Journal Article | In: Behavior Research Methods | 2020 40426 Endnote: Author(s): Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of imageability and emotionality for about 2500 German nouns
In: Behavior Research Methods, 52 (2020) , S. 980-989
DOI: 10.3758/s13428-019-01294-2
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Vorstellung <Psy>; Emotion; Wort; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden; Kognitive Kompetenz; Gedächtnis; Leistungsfähigkeit; Semantik; Phonologie; Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: Imageability and emotionality ratings for 2592 German nouns (3-10 letters, one to three phonological syllables) were obtained from younger adults (21-31 years) and older adults (70-86 years). Valid ratings were obtained on average from 20 younger and 23 older adults per word for imageability, and from 18 younger and 19 older adults per word for emotionality. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and retest rank-order stability of the ratings were high for both age groups (α and r ≥ .97). Also, the validity of our ratings was found to be high, as compared to previously published ratings (r ≥ .86). The ratings showed substantial rank-order stability across younger and older adults (imageability, r = .94; emotionality, r = .85). At the same time, systematic differences between age groups were found in the mean levels of ratings (imageability, d = 0.38; emotionality, d = 0.20) and in the extent to which the rating scales were used (imageability, SD = 24 vs. 19, scale of 0 to 100; emotionality, SD = 26 vs. 31, scale of −100 to 100). At the descriptive level, our data hint at systematically different evaluations of semantic categories regarding imageability and emotionality across younger and older adults. Given that imageability and emotionality have been reported, for instance, as important determinants for the recognition and recall of words, our findings highlight the importance of considering age-specific information in age-comparative cognitive (neuroscience) experimental studies using word materials. The age-specific imageability and emotionality ratings for the 2592 German nouns can be found in the electronic supplementary material 1. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung

Participatory design for ontologies. A case study of an open science ontology for qualitative […] Hocker, Julian; Schindler, Christoph; Rittberger, Marc Journal Article | In: Aslib Journal of Information Management | 2020 40522 Endnote: Author(s): Hocker, Julian; Schindler, Christoph; Rittberger, Marc
Title: Participatory design for ontologies. A case study of an open science ontology for qualitative coding schemas
In: Aslib Journal of Information Management, 72 (2020) 4, S. 671-685
DOI: 10.1108/AJIM-11-2019-0320/
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-231022
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2021/23102/pdf/Hocker_2020_Participatory_design_for_ontologies1.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Ontologie; Design; Partizipation; Geisteswissenschaften; Digitalisierung; Open Science; World Wide Web; Semantik; Qualitative Forschung; Codierung; Schema
Abstract: The open science movement calls for transparent and retraceable research processes. While infrastructures to support these practices in qualitative research are lacking, the design needs to consider different approaches and workflows. The paper bases on the definition of ontologies as shared conceptualizations of knowledge (Borst, 1999). The authors argue that participatory design is a good way to create these shared conceptualizations by giving domain experts and future users a voice in the design process via interviews, workshops and observations. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung

Young children's ability to distinguish thematic relations. Development and predictive value for […] Schmitterer, Alexandra M. A.; Schroeder, Sascha Journal Article | In: Cognitive Development | 2019 38919 Endnote: Author(s): Schmitterer, Alexandra M. A.; Schroeder, Sascha
Title: Young children's ability to distinguish thematic relations. Development and predictive value for early reading
In: Cognitive Development, 50 (2019) , S. 22-35
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2019.01.002
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-193860
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2021/19386/pdf/Cog_dev_2019_Schmitterer_Schroeder_Young_childrens_ability_to_distinguish_thematic_relations_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Semantik; Wissen; Thema; Vorkenntnisse; Homonymie; Längsschnittstudie; Lesenlernen
Abstract (english): Thematic relations are important semantic features in the young child's lexicon. So far, it is unclear how the ability to distinguish different strengths of thematic relations develops, whether this ability depends on specific word characteristics (homonyms), and whether it is linked to reading acquisition. In this longitudinal study, 62 children were asked to judge which of two words (i.e., thunder, fire) matched a presented context sentence (i.e., Miriam sees the lightning.) in a thematic judgment task. The strength of the thematic relation of the distractors to the target sentence (associated, unrelated) and types of context words (homonyms, non-homonyms) were varied. Children's performance was more accurate and developed faster in the unrelated than in the association condition. Furthermore, children were more accurate in homonym compared to non-homonym responses. Moreover, children's thematic judgment abilities predicted their later reading skill over other important precursor abilities of reading, including listening comprehension. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung

Processing of positive-causal and negative-causal coherence relations in primary school children […] Knoepke, Julia; Richter, Tobias; Isberner, May-Britt; Naumann, Johannes; Neeb, Yvonne; […] Journal Article | In: Journal of Child Language | 2017 36656 Endnote: Author(s): Knoepke, Julia; Richter, Tobias; Isberner, May-Britt; Naumann, Johannes; Neeb, Yvonne; Weinert, Sabine
Title: Processing of positive-causal and negative-causal coherence relations in primary school children and adults. A test of the cumulative cognitive complexity approach in German
In: Journal of Child Language, 44 (2017) 2, S. 297-328
DOI: 10.1017/S0305000915000872
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-191627
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/19162/pdf/J.Child_Lang_2017_2_Knoepke_et_al_Processing_of_positivecausal_and_negativecausal_coherence_relations_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Deutsch; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Erwachsener; Grundschule; Grundschüler; Hören; Kognition; Kognitive Prozesse; Lesen; Leseverstehen; Semantik; Technologiebasiertes Testen; Test; Textanalyse; Textinterpretation; Textverständnis
Abstract: Establishing local coherence relations is central to text comprehension. Positive-causal coherence relations link a cause and its consequence, whereas negative-causal coherence relations add a contrastive meaning (negation) to the causal link. According to the cumulative cognitive complexity approach, negative-causal coherence relations are cognitively more complex than positive-causal ones. Therefore, they require greater cognitive effort during text comprehension and are acquired later in language development. The present cross-sectional study tested these predictions for German primary school children from Grades 1 to 4 and adults in reading and listening comprehension. Accuracy data in a semantic verification task support the predictions of the cumulative cognitive complexity approach. Negative-causal coherence relations are cognitively more demanding than positive-causal ones. Moreover, our findings indicate that children's comprehension of negative-causal coherence relations continues to develop throughout the course of primary school. Findings are discussed with respect to the generalizability of the cumulative cognitive complexity approach to German. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation

Neural end-to-end learning for computational argumentation mining Eger, Steffen; Daxenberger, Johannes; Gurevych, Iryna Book Chapter | Aus: Association for Computational Linguistics (Hrsg.): The 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2017): Proceedings of the conference, vol. 1 (long papers), July 30 - August 4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada | Stroudsburg; PA: Association for Computational Linguistics | 2017 37878 Endnote: Author(s): Eger, Steffen; Daxenberger, Johannes; Gurevych, Iryna
Title: Neural end-to-end learning for computational argumentation mining
In: Association for Computational Linguistics (Hrsg.): The 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2017): Proceedings of the conference, vol. 1 (long papers), July 30 - August 4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada, Stroudsburg; PA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017 , S. 11-22
DOI: 10.18653/v1/P17-1002
URL: https://aclanthology.info/pdf/P/P17/P17-1002.pdf
Publication Type: 4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Argumentation; Automatisierung; Computerlinguistik; Data Mining; Klassifikation; Rhetorik; Semantik; Textanalyse
Abstract: We investigate neural techniques for end-to-end computational argumentation mining (AM). We frame AM both as a token-based dependency parsing and as a token-based sequence tagging problem, including a multi-task learning setup. Contrary to models that operate on the argument component level, we find that framing AM as dependency parsing leads to subpar performance results. In contrast, less complex (local) tagging models based on BiL-STMs perform robustly across classification scenarios, being able to catch long-range dependencies inherent to the AM problem. Moreover, we find that jointly learning 'natural' subtasks, in a multi-task learning setup, improves performance. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung

EELECTION at SemEval-2017 Task 10. Ensemble of nEural Learners for kEyphrase ClassificaTION Eger, Steffen; Do Dinh, Erik-Lân; Kuznetsov, Ilia; Kiaeeha, Masoud; Gurevych, Iryna Book Chapter | Aus: Association for Computational Linguistics (Hrsg.): 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (SemEval-2017): Proceedings of the workshop, August 3-4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada | Stroudsburg; PA: Association for Computational Linguistics | 2017 37870 Endnote: Author(s): Eger, Steffen; Do Dinh, Erik-Lân; Kuznetsov, Ilia; Kiaeeha, Masoud; Gurevych, Iryna
Title: EELECTION at SemEval-2017 Task 10. Ensemble of nEural Learners for kEyphrase ClassificaTION
In: Association for Computational Linguistics (Hrsg.): 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (SemEval-2017): Proceedings of the workshop, August 3-4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada, Stroudsburg; PA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017 , S. 942-946
URL: http://aclweb.org/anthology/S17-2163
Publication Type: 4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Computerlinguistik; Klassifikation; Publikation; Semantik; Textanalyse; Wissenschaft
Abstract: This paper describes our approach to the SemEval 2017 Task 10: "Extracting Keyphrases and Relations from Scientific Publications", specifically to Subtask (B): "Classification of identified keyphrases". We explored three different deep learning approaches: a character-level convolutional neural network (CNN), a stacked learner with an MLP meta-classifier, and an attention based Bi-LSTM. From these approaches, we created an ensemble of differently hyper-parameterized systems, achieving a micro-F1-score of 0.63 on the test data. Our approach ranks 2nd (score of 1st placed system: 0.64) out of four according to this official score. However, we erroneously trained 2 out of 3 neural nets (the stacker and the CNN) on only roughly 15% of the full data, namely, the original development set. When trained on the full data (training+development), our ensemble has a micro-F1-score of 0.69. Our code is available from https://github.com/UKPlab/semeval2017-scienceie. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung

SemEval-2017 task 7. Detection and interpretation of English puns Miller, Tristan; Hempelmann, Christian; Gurevych, Iryna Book Chapter | Aus: Association for Computational Linguistics (Hrsg.): 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (SemEval-2017): Proceedings of the workshop, August 3-4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada | Stroudsburg; PA: Association for Computational Linguistics | 2017 37877 Endnote: Author(s): Miller, Tristan; Hempelmann, Christian; Gurevych, Iryna
Title: SemEval-2017 task 7. Detection and interpretation of English puns
In: Association for Computational Linguistics (Hrsg.): 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (SemEval-2017): Proceedings of the workshop, August 3-4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada, Stroudsburg; PA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017 , S. 58-68
DOI: 10.18653/v1/S17-2005
URL: http://aclweb.org/anthology/S17-2005
Publication Type: 4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Computerlinguistik; Wort; Humor; Rhetorik; Semantik; Linguistik; Phonologie; Automatisierung; Erkennen; Interpretation; System; Evaluation
Abstract: A pun is a form of wordplay in which a word suggests two or more meanings by exploiting polysemy, homonymy, or phonological similarity to another word, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. Though a recurrent and expected feature in many discourse types, puns stymie traditional approaches to computational lexical semantics because they violate their one-sense-per-context assumption. This paper describes the first competitive evaluation for the automatic detection, location, and interpretation of puns. We describe the motivation for these tasks, the evaluation methods, and the manually annotated data set. Finally, we present an overview and discussion of the participating systems' methodologies, resources, and results. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung

A "Wind of Change" Shaping public opinion of the "Arab Spring" using metaphors Núñez, Alexandra; Gerloff, Malte; Do Dinh, Erik-Lan; Rapp, Andrea; Gehring, Petra; Gurevych, Iryna Book Chapter | Aus: Alliance of Digital Humanities (Hrsg.): Digital Humanities 2017: Conference abstracts, McGill University & Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada, August 8.11, 2017 | Montréal: Alliance of Digital Humanities | 2017 37342 Endnote: Author(s): Núñez, Alexandra; Gerloff, Malte; Do Dinh, Erik-Lan; Rapp, Andrea; Gehring, Petra; Gurevych, Iryna
Title: A "Wind of Change" Shaping public opinion of the "Arab Spring" using metaphors
In: Alliance of Digital Humanities (Hrsg.): Digital Humanities 2017: Conference abstracts, McGill University & Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada, August 8.11, 2017, Montréal: Alliance of Digital Humanities, 2017 , S. 551-553
URL: https://dh2017.adho.org/abstracts/041/041.pdf
Publication Type: 4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Tagungsband/Konferenzbeitrag/Proceedings
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Automatisierung; Computerlinguistik; Einflussfaktor; Grammatik; Metapher; Öffentliche Meinung; Presseberichterstattung; Semantik; Textanalyse
Abstract: How does mass media affect the way we think about controversial topics such as the "Arab Spring"? What persuasive role do metaphors play especially in opinion pieces? We analyze how the political events of the years 2010-2011 in the Middle East and North Africa Region ("Arab Spring") are categorized and assessed using metaphorical constructions in newspaper opinion pieces. We show ways in which particularly the use of metaphors reveals how the media tried to achieve acceptance for the events based on our cultural models (Quinn and Holland, 1987), which are grounded on our western knowledge. To this end, we constructed a pipeline that automatically detects (and filters) metaphors appearing within certain grammatical constructions, before clustering them by presumed source and target domains (Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Lakoff and Johnson, 1980). The results give us insights into how the "Arab Spring" is metaphorically structured by semantic clusters in opinion pieces. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Departments: Informationszentrum Bildung