-
-
Author(s): Kaspar, Roman; Oswald, Frank; Wahl, Hans-Werner; Voss, Elke; Wettstein, Markus
Title: Daily mood and out-of-home mobility in older adults. Does cognitive impairment matter?
In: Journal of Applied Gerontology, 34 (2015) 1, S. 26-47
DOI: 10.1177/0733464812466290
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-125430
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-125430
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Alter; Emotionaler Zustand; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Geistige Behinderung; Kognitive Entwicklung; Krankheit; Messung; Mobilität; Orientierungshilfe; Regressionsanalyse; Senior; Software; Soziale Beziehung; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden
Abstract (english): This study explores the relationship between out-of-home behavior and daily mood of community-dwelling older adults with different levels of cognitive impairment across four consecutive weeks. The sample included 16 persons with
early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), 30 persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 95 cognitively healthy persons (CH). Using a multi-method approach, GPS tracking and daily-diary data were combined on a day-to-day basis. AD and MCI adults showed lower mood than the CH group. Whereas stronger positive links between mood and out-of-home behavior were found for AD compared to the total sample on an aggregate level, predicting daily mood by person (i.e.,
cognition) and occasion-specific characteristics (i.e., mobility and weekday), using multilevel regression analysis revealed no corresponding effect. In conclusion, cognitive status in old age appears to impact on mobility and mood as such, rather than on the mood and out-of-home behavior connection.
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
-
-
Author(s): Fernandez, Sebastien; Fagot, Delphine; Dirk, Judith; Ribaupierre, Anik de
Title: Generalization of the worst performance rule across the lifespan
In: Intelligence, 42 (2014) , S. 31-43
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2013.10.001
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-180695
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/18069/pdf/Dirk_2014_generalizationoftheworstperformanceruleacrossthelifespan_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Empirische Untersuchung; Intelligenz; Intelligenzmessung; Junger Erwachsener; Kind; Kognitive Prozesse; Lebensalter; Leistungsfähigkeit; Leistungsschwäche; Reaktion; Regressionsanalyse; Senior; Test; Zeit
Abstract: The worst performance rule (WPR) predicts that the slowest trials in reaction time (RT) tasks are more strongly related to intelligence than the fastest trials. To date, the WPR was observed mainly in young adults. The present study examined if the WPR holds not only in young adults but also in children and older adults in three kinds of RT tasks (simple RT, choice RT, and inhibition). Results showed that in each age group slowest and fastest trials were related to intelligence but the former correlated with intelligence to a greater extent than the latter. These results support the assumption that the WPR can be generalized across the lifespan.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Author(s): Miche, Martina; Wahl, Hans-Werner; Diehl, Manfred; Oswald, Frank; Kaspar, Roman; Kolb, Maren
Title: Natural occurrence of subjective aging experiences in community dwelling older adults
In: Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69 (2014) 2, S. 174-187
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs164
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-193070
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/19307/pdf/J_geron_B_2016_2_Miche_et_al_Natural_Occurrence_of_Subjective_Aging_Experiences_A.pdf
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Alter; Altern; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Frankfurt a.M.; Gesundheit; Interview; Lebensbewältigung; Senior; Subjektivität; Tagebuch; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden; Zufriedenheit
Abstract (english): The subjective experience of aging is a relevant correlate of developmental outcomes. However, traditional approaches fall short of capturing the inherent multidimensionality of subjective aging experiences (SAEs). […] This study provides a description of SAEs that is facet rich, and based on their natural occurrence, analyzes interindividual differences and associations with well-being. Data came from 225 participants (70-88 years) of the ongoing BEWOHNT study. Open-ended diary entries about age-related experiences were collected for more than 14 days and coded according to AARC domains and subdomains. Seventy percent of all participants had SAEs about physical functioning. About half of the sample reported experiences in the domains interpersonal relations, social-emotional and social-cognitive functioning (COGN-EMOT), and lifestyle. Thirty percent experienced aging in terms of changes in cognitive functioning. Contents of SAEs varied by gender, age group, and functional status. SAEs about COGN-EMOT were most consistently related to affective components of subjective well-being. Our results demonstrate the benefits of an open-ended approach to a multidimensional understanding of SAEs. Content-related, social-cognitive and social-emotional changes more than functional age-related changes were most important for well-being.
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
-
-
Author(s): Brose, Annette; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Affective states contribute to trait reports of affective well-being
In: Emotion, 13 (2013) 5, S. 940-948
DOI: 10.1037/a0032401
URL: http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/a0032401
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Affekt; Emotion; Junger Erwachsener; Messung; Selbsteinschätzung; Senior; Stimmung; Test; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Asking people to provide global judgments, or trait reports, of their affective experience is a standard method for assessing trait affective well-being, with countless applications in the social sciences. Trait reports reflect numerous influences that generally go unnoticed. Although state affect is a highly plausible candidate for such influences, this source of unwanted variance does not receive much attention and is usually not controlled for in empirical studies. Using 100-day data from the COGITO study, we provide direct and strong evidence that trait reports of affect depend on how people feel at the time they provide the evaluations (i.e., their affective state). For example, participants experiencing more positive affect on a specific day relative to their individual mean also provide more positive ratings of their global affective experience. Furthermore, we found that current affect influences trait ratings in a surprisingly differentiated way - those particular facets of affect that are more/less prevalent at a certain moment are believed to occur more/less often in general. We stress the need for repeated observations within individuals to estimate state contributions to standard assessments of trait affect, to distinguish between state and trait in psychological assessment, and to achieve good indicators of affective experiences in the social and medical sciences.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Author(s): Brose, Annette; Scheibe, Susanne; Schmiedek, Florian
Title: Life contexts make a difference. Emotional stability in younger and older adults
In: Psychology and Aging, 28 (2013) 1, S. 148-159
DOI: 10.1037/a0030047
URL: http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/a0030047
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Affektive Entwicklung; Altern; Einflussfaktor; Emotionale Entwicklung; Emotionaler Zustand; Empirische Untersuchung; Junger Erwachsener; Reaktion; Regressionsanalyse; Senior; Stress; Umwelteinfluss; Vergleich; Wohlbefinden
Abstract (english): Emotional stability, as indicated by low affect variability and low affective reactivity to daily events, for example, tends to increase across the adult life span. This study investigated a contextual explanation for such age differences, relating affect variability and affective reactivity to age-group-specific life contexts. A sample of 101 younger and 103 older adults reported daily stressors and negative affect across 100 days. Compared with younger adults, older adults (a) experienced fewer stressors overall, (b) had less heterogeneous stressor profiles, and (c) reported that stressors had less impact on daily routines. As expected, these contextual factors were relevant for interindividual differences in emotional stability. Multiple regression analyses revealed that reduced affect variability and affective reactivity in older adults were associated with these age-group specific life contexts. Moreover, matching younger and older adults on the contextual factors to explore the effects of context on age-group differences further provided support for the (partially) contextual explanation of age differences in emotional stability. Matched subgroups of younger and older adults that were comparable on contextual variables were identified. Affective variability, but not affective reactivity, was more similar in the matched subsamples than in the total samples of younger and older adults. We conclude that contexts in which affective experiences emerge require more attention when aiming to explain interindividual and age group differences in emotional stability. Moreover, future studies need to disentangle the extent to which contexts interact with active self-regulatory processes to shape affective experiences across adulthood.
-
-
Author(s): Grandy, Thomas H.; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Chicherio, Christian; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Title: Peak individual alpha frequency qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker in healthy younger and older adults
In: Psychophysiology, 50 (2013) 6, S. 570-582
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12043
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Intervention; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Neurophysiologie; Reliabilität; Senior; Training
Abstract (english): The individual alpha frequency (IAF) of the human EEG reflects systemic properties of the brain, is highly heritable, and relates to cognitive functioning. Not much is known about the modifiability of IAF by cognitive interventions.We report analyses of resting EEG from a large-scale training study in which healthy younger (20-31 years, N = 30) and older(65-80 years, N = 28) adults practiced 12 cognitive tasks for ~100 1-h sessions. EEG was recorded before and after the cognitive training intervention. In both age groups, IAF (and, in a control analysis, alpha amplitude) did not change, despite large gains in cognitive performance. As within-session reliability and test-retest stability were high for both age groups, imprecise measurements cannot account for the findings. In sum, IAF is highly stable in healthy adults up to 80 years, not easily modifiable by cognitive interventions alone, and thus qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait
marker.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Author(s): Habermas, Tilmann; Diel, Verena; Welzer, Harald
Title: Lifespan trends of autobiographical remembering. Episodicity and search for meaning
In: Consciousness and Cognition, 22 (2013) 3, S. 1061-1073
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.07.010
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810013001037
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Autobiografie; Deutschland; Erinnerung; Erwachsener; Erzählen; Interview; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Schüler; Semantik; Senior
Abstract: Autobiographical memories of older adults show fewer episodic and more non-episodic elements than those of younger adults. This semantization effect is attributed to a loss of episodic memory ability. However the alternative explanation by an increasing proclivity to search for meaning has not been ruled out to date. To test whether a decrease in episodicity and an increase in meaning-making in autobiographical narratives are related across the lifespan, we used different instructions, one focussing on specific episodes, the other on embedding events in life, in two lifespan samples. A continuous decrease of episodic quality of memory (memory specificity, narrative quality) was confirmed. An increase of search for meaning (interpretation, life story integration) was confirmed only up to middle adulthood. This non-inverse development of episodicity and searching for meaning in older age speaks for an autonomous semantization effect that is not merely due to an increase in interpretative preferences.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Author(s): Kolling, Thorsten; Haberstroh, Julia; Kaspar, Roman; Pantel, Johannes; Oswald, Frank; Knopf, Monika
Title: Evidence and deployment-based research into care for the elderly using emotional robots. Psychological, methodological and cross-cultural facets
In: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 26 (2013) 2, S. 83-88
DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000084
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1024/1662-9647/a000084
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Altenpflege; Altern; Emotion; Empirische Forschung; Forschungsstand; Gerontologie; Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation; Roboter; Senior; Therapie
Abstract: Global aging, particularly in Japan and Europe, an associated shortage of qualified healthcare personnel, and a general preference for living at home, have all sparked an interest in the possibilities offered by robot therapy in improving quality of life. To date, however, both evidence-based research and psychological theory building on whether, and if so how and why, robots can influence the life of the elderly are rather sparse and scattered across many scientific disciplines and countries. The present paper argues in favor of a psychological, cross-cultural framework for evidence-based analyses of emotional robots. Against the background of this framework, we present building blocks for an evidence-based approach to the assessment of emotional robots and discuss interactions between evidence- and deployment-based research.
DIPF-Departments: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
-
-
Author(s): Kühn, Simone; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Schott, Björn H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövden, Martin
Title: The neural representation of intrusive thoughts
In: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 8 (2013) 6, S. 688-693
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss047
URL: http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/6/688
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Beeinflussung; Denken; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Neurowissenschaften; Senior; Sprachgebrauch
Abstract: Based on the philosophical notion that language embodies thought we investigated whether a habitual tendency for intrusive thought that younger and
older participants report over a period of 100 sessions, spread out over about 6 months, is associated with brain regions related to language production.
In favour of this hypothesis, we found that individual differences in habitual intrusive thoughts are correlated with activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus
(IFG, Brocas area) as well as the cingulate cortex (CC) during a two-choice reaction-time task in fMRI. Participants who habitually tended to experience
intrusive thoughts showed greater activity during task-free (baseline) compared to task periods in brain regions involved in language production. Task
performance was unrelated to individual differences in intrusive thoughts. We conclude that intrusive thoughts may be represented in a language-like
format and that individuals reporting a habitually higher tendency for intrusive thoughts may have stronger and more habitual inner speech processes.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Author(s): Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Raz, Naftali
Title: Does variability in cognitive performance correlate with frontal brain volume?
In: NeuroImage, 22 (2013) 64, S. 209-215
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.039
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811912009494
Publication Type: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language: Englisch
Keywords: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Kompetenz; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistungsfähigkeit; Messung; Regressionsanalyse; Senior
Abstract: Little is known about the neural correlates of within-person variability in cognitive performance. We investigated associations between regional brain volumes and trial-to-trial, block-to-block, and day-to-day variability in choice-reaction time, and episodic and working memory accuracy. Healthy younger (n=25) and older (n=18) adults underwent 101 daily assessments of cognitive performance, and their regional brain volumes were measured manually on magnetic resonance images. Results showed that smaller prefrontal white matter volumes were associated with higher block-to-block variability in choice-reaction time performance, with a stronger association observed among older adults. Smaller volumes of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex covaried with higher block-to-block variability in episodic memory (number-word pair) performance. This association was stronger for younger adults. The observed associations between variability and brain volume were not due to individual differences in mean performance. Trial-to-trial and day-to-day variability in cognitive performance were unrelated to regional brain volume. We thus report novel findings demonstrating that block-by-block variability in cognitive performance is associated with integrity of the prefrontal regions and that between-person differences in different measures of variability of cognitive performance reflect different age-related constellations of behavioral and neural antecedents.
DIPF-Departments: Bildung und Entwicklung