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Developmental trajectories of phonological information processing in upper elementary students with […]
Schmidt, Claudia; Brandenburg, Janin; Busch, Jenny; Büttner, Gerhard; Grube, Dietmar; […]
Journal Article
| In: Reading Research Quarterly | 2021
40003 Endnote
Author(s):
Schmidt, Claudia; Brandenburg, Janin; Busch, Jenny; Büttner, Gerhard; Grube, Dietmar; Mähler, Claudia; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Title:
Developmental trajectories of phonological information processing in upper elementary students with reading or spelling disabilities
In:
Reading Research Quarterly, 56 (2021) 1, S. 143-171
DOI:
10.1002/rrq.299
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-227500
URL:
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-227500
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Grundschüler; Schüler; Phonologie; Informationsverarbeitung; Lernschwierigkeit; Lesefertigkeit; Rechtschreibung; Entwicklung; Gedächtnis; Kognitive Prozesse; Schuljahr 03; Schuljahr 04; Schuljahr 05; Test; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Datenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract:
Deficits in phonological information processing in upper elementary students with specific learning disabilities in reading or spelling may increase, decrease, or remain stable over time. The authors examined the development of phonological processing longitudinally in 209 students (109 with learning disabilities and 100 typically achieving; n = 127 boys) in Germany, from grade 3 to grade 5 (ages 8-11; mean age at recruitment = 8 years 6.78 months, SD = 5.39 months). Latent change score models revealed that the development of rapid automatized naming was best described as a decreasing deficit, whereas a persistent deficit in phonological awareness was observed. Differences between students with and without learning disabilities regarding the phonological loop increased over time. Further, there were no developmental differences as a function of reading versus spelling deficits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Gedächtnis und Wissen
Brod, Garvin; Gold, Andreas
Book Chapter
| Aus: Preiser, Siegfried (Hrsg.): Pädagogische Psychologie: Psychologische Grundlagen von Erziehung und Unterricht | Weinheim: Beltz Juventa | 2021
41384 Endnote
Author(s):
Brod, Garvin; Gold, Andreas
Title:
Gedächtnis und Wissen
In:
Preiser, Siegfried (Hrsg.): Pädagogische Psychologie: Psychologische Grundlagen von Erziehung und Unterricht, Weinheim: Beltz Juventa, 2021 , S. 54-78
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Gedächtnis; Wissen; Erinnerung; Vergessen; Lernprozess; Kognitive Prozesse; Informationsverarbeitung; Inhalt; Zeit; Modell; Wahrnehmung; Aufmerksamkeit; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Langzeitgedächtnis; Wissensrepräsentation
Abstract:
[...] Einleitend (4.1) wird auf die Macht und auf die Anfälligkeit des menschlichen Gedächtnisses hingewiesen. In der Folge wird anhand eines Selbstversuchs auf die Bedeutsamkeit von Gedächtnisstrategien beim Lernen und Behalten eingegangen (4.2), bevor in systematischer Form eine Einführung in Gedächtnisarten (4.3) und Gedächtnisprozesse (4.4) gegeben wird. Ein wichtiger Aspekt des Prozessmodells zielt auf die Frage, wie Wissen und Können langfristig und dauerhalt im Gedächtnis gespeichert werden (4.5). Gedächtnisinhalte sind das Endprodukt von Lernprozessen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Lernen
Gold, Andreas; Brod, Garvin
Book Chapter
| Aus: Preiser, Siegfried (Hrsg.): Pädagogische Psychologie: Psychologische Grundlagen von Erziehung und Unterricht | Weinheim: Beltz Juventa | 2021
41385 Endnote
Author(s):
Gold, Andreas; Brod, Garvin
Title:
Lernen
In:
Preiser, Siegfried (Hrsg.): Pädagogische Psychologie: Psychologische Grundlagen von Erziehung und Unterricht, Weinheim: Beltz Juventa, 2021 , S. 79-101
Publication Type:
4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Lernen; Wissenserwerb; Kognitive Prozesse; Informationsverarbeitung; Kognitionspsychologie; Lerntheorie; Konstruktivismus; Kooperatives Lernen; Problemlösen; Transfer; Verhalten; Gewohnheit; Gedächtnis; Konditionierung; Wissen; Selbstgesteuertes Lernen
Abstract:
[...] Zu Beginn des 5. Kapitels wird Lernen als Aufbau von Wissen und Können definiert. Dieser Sichtweise folgend wird die kognitionspsychologische Theorie der Informationsverarbeitung in ihrer "konstruktivistischen" Ausgestaltung ausführlicher vorgestellt (5.1). Eine ganz andere Gruppe von Lerntheorien begreift Lernen als (sichtbare) Veränderung von Verhalten und von Gewohnheiten (5.2). In dieser Tradition stehen insbesondere die Konditionierungstheorien. Mit der Darstellung der sozial-kognitiven Lerntheorie wird abschließend wieder ein Bogen von den verhaltens- zu den kognitionspsychologischen Ansätzen geschlagen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Foreign language learning in older age does not improve memory or intelligence. Evidence from a […]
Berggren, Rasmus; Nilsson, Jonna; Brehmer, Yvonne; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin
Journal Article
| In: Psychology and Aging | 2020
39899 Endnote
Author(s):
Berggren, Rasmus; Nilsson, Jonna; Brehmer, Yvonne; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin
Title:
Foreign language learning in older age does not improve memory or intelligence. Evidence from a randomized controlled study
In:
Psychology and Aging, 35 (2020) 2, S. 212-219
DOI:
10.1037/pag0000439
URL:
https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fpag0000439
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Alter Mensch; Fremdsprache; Lernen; Wirkung; Kognitive Kompetenz; Intelligenz; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Wortschatz; Assoziation; Leistungstest; Testkonstruktion; Strukturgleichungsmodell:Schweden
Abstract:
Foreign language learning in older age has been proposed as a promising avenue for combatting age-related cognitive decline. We tested this hypothesis in a randomized controlled study in a sample of 160 healthy older participants (aged 65-75 years) who were randomized to 11 weeks of either language learning or relaxation training. Participants in the language learning condition obtained some basic knowledge in the new language (Italian), but between-groups differences in improvements on latent factors of verbal intelligence, spatial intelligence, working memory, item memory, or associative memory were negligible. We argue that this is not due to either poor measurement, low course intensity, or low statistical power, but that basic studies in foreign languages in older age are likely to have no or trivially small effects on cognitive abilities. We place this in the context of the cognitive training and engagement literature and conclude that while foreign language learning may expand the behavioral repertoire, it does little to improve cognitive processing abilities.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
The importance of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for associative memory in older adults. A […]
Brehmer, Yvonne; Nilsson, Jonna; Berggren, Rasmus; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin
Journal Article
| In: NeuroImage | 2020
39821 Endnote
Author(s):
Brehmer, Yvonne; Nilsson, Jonna; Berggren, Rasmus; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin
Title:
The importance of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for associative memory in older adults. A latent structural equation analysis
In:
NeuroImage, 209 (2020) , S. 116475
DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116475
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-191394
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/19139/pdf/NeuroImage_2020_Brehmer_et_al_The_importance_of_the_ventromedial_prefrontal_cortex_A.pdf
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Assoziation; Gegenstand; Gedächtnis; Älterer Erwachsener; Älterer Mensch; Individuum; Unterschied; Ursachenforschung; Neurophysiologie; Hirnforschung; Strukturgleichungsmodell
Abstract:
Older adults show relatively minor age-related decline in memory for single items, while their memory for associations is markedly reduced. Inter-individual differences in memory function in older adults are substantial but the neurobiological underpinnings of such differences are not well understood. In particular, the relative importance of inter-individual differences in the medio-temporal lobe (MTL) and the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) for associative and item recognition in older adults is still ambiguous. We therefore aimed to first establish the distinction between inter-individual differences in associative memory (recollection-based) performance and item memory (familiarity-based) performance in older adults and subsequently link these two constructs to differences in cortical thickness in the MTL and lateral PFC regions, in a latent structural equation modelling framework. To this end, a sample of 160 older adults (65-75 years old) performed three intentional item-associative memory tasks, of which a subsample (n = 72) additionally had cortical thickness measures in MTL and PFC regions of interest available. The results provided support for a distinction between familiarity-based item memory and recollection-based associative memory performance in older adults. Cortical thickness in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex was positively correlated with associative recognition performance, above and beyond any relationship between item recognition performance and cortical thickness in the same region and between associative recognition performance and brain structure in the MTL (parahippocampus). The findings highlight the relative importance of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in allowing for intentional recollection-based associative memory functioning in older adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of […]
Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Journal Article
| In: Behavior Research Methods | 2020
40426 Endnote
Author(s):
Grandy, Thomas H.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Title:
Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults. Age-comparative norms of imageability and emotionality for about 2500 German nouns
In:
Behavior Research Methods, 52 (2020) , S. 980-989
DOI:
10.3758/s13428-019-01294-2
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
URL:
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232749
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Vorstellung <Psy>; Emotion; Wort; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden; Kognitive Kompetenz; Gedächtnis; Leistungsfähigkeit; Semantik; Phonologie; Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract:
Imageability and emotionality ratings for 2592 German nouns (3-10 letters, one to three phonological syllables) were obtained from younger adults (21-31 years) and older adults (70-86 years). Valid ratings were obtained on average from 20 younger and 23 older adults per word for imageability, and from 18 younger and 19 older adults per word for emotionality. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and retest rank-order stability of the ratings were high for both age groups (α and r ≥ .97). Also, the validity of our ratings was found to be high, as compared to previously published ratings (r ≥ .86). The ratings showed substantial rank-order stability across younger and older adults (imageability, r = .94; emotionality, r = .85). At the same time, systematic differences between age groups were found in the mean levels of ratings (imageability, d = 0.38; emotionality, d = 0.20) and in the extent to which the rating scales were used (imageability, SD = 24 vs. 19, scale of 0 to 100; emotionality, SD = 26 vs. 31, scale of −100 to 100). At the descriptive level, our data hint at systematically different evaluations of semantic categories regarding imageability and emotionality across younger and older adults. Given that imageability and emotionality have been reported, for instance, as important determinants for the recognition and recall of words, our findings highlight the importance of considering age-specific information in age-comparative cognitive (neuroscience) experimental studies using word materials. The age-specific imageability and emotionality ratings for the 2592 German nouns can be found in the electronic supplementary material 1. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
How was your day? Convergence of aggregated momentary and retrospective end-of-day affect ratings […]
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Sliwinski, Martin J.; Smyth, Joshua M.
Journal Article
| In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | 2020
39211 Endnote
Author(s):
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Sliwinski, Martin J.; Smyth, Joshua M.
Title:
How was your day? Convergence of aggregated momentary and retrospective end-of-day affect ratings across the adult life span
In:
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119 (2020) 1, S. 185-203
DOI:
10.1037/pspp0000248
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-228882
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2021/22888/pdf/JPSP_2020_1_Neubauer_et_al_How_was_your_day_A.pdf
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Wohlbefinden; Stress; Emotionaler Zustand; Altersgruppe; Erwachsener; Unterschied; Erinnerung; Gedächtnis; Tagesablauf; Tagebuch; Indikator; Gegenwart; Vergangenheit; Messverfahren; Befragung; Vergleich; USA
Abstract (english):
Daily diary studies and experience sampling studies examine day-to-day variations in affect using different rating types: The former typically collect retrospective affect reports at the end of the day, whereas the latter collects multiple momentary assessments across the day. The present study examined the convergence of (aggregated) momentary assessments collected repeatedly within a day and retrospective assessments collected at the end of the day. Building on prior research on the memory-experience gap and the peak-and-end rule we predicted that participants would report more intense retrospective affect than aggregated momentary affect, and that retrospective affect would be biased toward the peak and the most recent affect of the day. Based on socioemotional selectivity theory and the strength and vulnerability integration model, age differences in these convergence indicators were expected. Findings from 2 age-heterogeneous ecological momentary assessment/daily diary hybrid studies (N = 242, 25-65 years; and N = 175, 20-79 years) revealed (a) a memory-experience gap for negative affect (more intense retrospective ratings than aggregated momentary ratings) that is attenuated with advancing age; (b) only a small memory-experience gap for positive affect for very old adults (66-79 years), but not younger adults; (c) relatively high convergence of aggregated momentary ratings and retrospective ratings despite (d) small biases of retrospective negative affect ratings toward peak and most recent negative affect. Findings suggest that both rating types can discriminate "good days" from "bad days" and provide overlapping but not necessarily exchangeable information. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity
Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; […]
Journal Article
| In: Cortex | 2020
40802 Endnote
Author(s):
Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; Varikuti, Deepthi P.; Plachti, Anna; Lösche, Patrick; Hoffstaedter, Felix; Kalenscher, Tobias; Langner, Robert; Eickhoff, Simon B.
Title:
Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity
In:
Cortex, 132 (2020) , S. 441-459
DOI:
10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.012
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
URL:
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Gehirn; Vernetzung; Altern; Lebensalter; Unterschied; Ruhe; Zustand; Magnetresonanzverfahren; Bildgebendes Verfahren; Maschine; Lernen; Leistung; Vorhersage; Explorative Studie; Deutschland
Abstract:
Deterioration in working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with normal aging, but it remains unknown how age affects the relationship between WMC and connectivity within functional brain networks. We therefore examined the predictability of WMC from fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within eight meta-analytically defined functional brain networks and the connectome in young and old adults using relevance vector machine in a robust cross-validation scheme. Particular brain networks have been associated with mental functions linked to WMC to a varying degree and are associated with age-related differences in performance. Comparing prediction performance between the young and old sample revealed age-specific effects: In young adults, we found a general unpredictability of WMC from RSFC in networks subserving WM, cognitive action control, vigilant attention, theory-of-mind cognition, and semantic memory, whereas in older adults each network significantly predicted WMC. Moreover, both WM-related and WM-unrelated networks were differently predictive in older adults with low versus high WMC. These results indicate that the within-network functional coupling during task-free states is specifically related to individual task performance in advanced age, suggesting neural-level reorganization. In particular, our findings support the notion of a decreased segregation of functional brain networks, deterioration of network integrity within different networks and/or compensation by reorganization as factors driving associations between individual WMC and within-network RSFC in older adults. Thus, using multivariate pattern regression provided novel insights into age-related brain reorganization by linking cognitive capacity to brain network integrity. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Within-person structures of daily cognitive performance differ from between-person structures of […]
Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Oertzen, Timo von; Lindenberger, Ulman
Journal Article
| In: PeerJ | 2020
40427 Endnote
Author(s):
Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Oertzen, Timo von; Lindenberger, Ulman
Title:
Within-person structures of daily cognitive performance differ from between-person structures of cognitive abilities
In:
PeerJ, 8 (2020) , S. e9290
DOI:
10.7717/peerj.9290
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232618
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2022/23261/pdf/PeerJ_2020_Schmiedek_et_al_Within-person_structures_A.pdf
Publication Type:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Language:
Englisch
Keywords:
Kognitive Kompetenz; Struktur; Intelligenz; Individueller Unterschied; Arbeitgedächtnis; Längsschnittuntersuchung
Abstract:
Over a century of research on between-person differences has resulted in the consensus that human cognitive abilities are hierarchically organized, with a general factor, termed general intelligence or ''g,'' uppermost. Surprisingly, it is unknown whether this body of evidence is informative about how cognition isstructured within individuals. Using data from 101 young adults performing nine cognitive tasks on 100 occasions distributed oversix months, we find that thestructures of individuals' cognitive abilities vary among each other, and deviate greatly from the modal between-person structure. Working memory contributes the largestshare of common variance to both between- and withinperson structures, but the g factor is much less prominent within than between persons. We conclude that between-person structures of cognitive abilities cannot serve as a surrogate for within-person structures. To reveal the development and organization of human intelligence, individuals need to be studied over time.
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Entwicklung als Ziel, Voraussetzung und Ergebnis von Bildung. Welchen Nutzen hat die […]
Ehm, Jan-Henning; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Journal Article
| In: Schulmanagement | 2020
40706 Endnote
Author(s):
Ehm, Jan-Henning; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Title:
Entwicklung als Ziel, Voraussetzung und Ergebnis von Bildung. Welchen Nutzen hat die Berücksichtigung entwicklungs-psychologischer Erkenntnisse für die schulische Praxis?
In:
Schulmanagement, 51 (2020) 1, S. 31-35
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-216014
URL:
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-216014
Publication Type:
3b. Beiträge in weiteren Zeitschriften; praxisorientiert
Language:
Deutsch
Keywords:
Entwicklung; Kind; Entwicklungspsychologie; Lernvoraussetzungen; Lernprozess; Einflussfaktor; Bildungserfolg; Aktives Lernen; Strategie; Nutzung; Kognitive Prozesse; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leistung; Motivation; Unterrichtsfach; Interesse; Wirkung
Abstract:
Der Erfolg einer Gestaltungsmaßnahme von Lernprozessen ist abhängig vom Entwicklungsstand der unterrichteten Kinder. Die Autoren gehen dieser entwicklungspsychologischen Erkenntnis nach und erörtern deren Bedeutung für das Lernen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Departments:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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