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How can we make active learning work in K-12 education? Considering prerequisites for a successful […] Brod, Garvin Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Psychological Science in the Public Interest | 2021 42307 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brod, Garvin
Titel: How can we make active learning work in K-12 education? Considering prerequisites for a successful construction of understanding
In: Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 22 (2021) 1, S. 1-7
DOI: 10.1177/1529100621997376
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1529100621997376
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Aktives Lernen; Lernmethode; Schüler; Naturwissenschaftliche Bildung; Entdeckendes Lernen; Grundschule; Sekundarstufe I; Sekundarstufe II; Vorwissen; Einflussfaktor; Lernerfolg; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Lernvoraussetzungen; Unterstützung; Kognitive Kompetenz; Metakognition; Lernforschung; Empirische Forschung
Abstract (english): The construction-of-understanding ecosystem proves particularly useful because it provides an actionable framework of active learning that can be applied across disciplines. An assumption inherent in the framework is that active-learning practices are beneficial for student achievement in STEM. In this commentary, I have argued that there are prerequisites for this benefit to occur. Active-learning practices are demanding in that students need advanced cognitive and metacognitive capacities to be able to profit from them without being closely guided. The effects of insufficient cognitive and metacognitive capacities become most visible in younger students for whom these capacities are still developing. For example, elementary-school students struggle with constructing examples or drawings of abstract concepts as a result of their immature analogical reasoning skills (Breitwieser & Brod, 2021; Van Meter et al., 2006). This should not be taken to mean that active-learning practices cannot be beneficial for K-12 students, however. Prerequisites differ between practices, and a lack of them can often be counteracted with additional guidance. Instead, this commentary is intended as a pledge to consider prerequisites in order to choose those active-learning practices that are likely to work best for a particular group of students. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Automated and controlled processes in comprehending multiple documents Hahnel, Carolin; Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula; Schoor, Cornelia Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Studies in Higher Education | 2021 41420 Endnote: Autor*innen: Hahnel, Carolin; Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula; Schoor, Cornelia
Titel: Automated and controlled processes in comprehending multiple documents
In: Studies in Higher Education, 46 (2021) 10, S. 2074-2086
DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2021.1953333
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-243880
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-243880
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Student; Lesen; Dokument; Vielfalt; Informationsverarbeitung; Verhalten; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Kognitive Prozesse; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leseverstehen; Kognitive Kompetenz; Test; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Datenanalyse; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: The study investigates automated and controlled cognitive processes that occur when university students read multiple documents (MDs). We examined data of 401 students dealing with two MD sets in a digital environment. Performance was assessed through several comprehension questions. Recorded log data gave indications about students' time allocation, corroboration, and sourcing. Independent measures were used for reading speed to tap the effects of automatic processing and for working memory and single-text reading comprehension to tap effects of controlled processing, with working memory considered the mental capacity for performing controlled processing. We found that faster readers completed the MD tasks faster and showed more corroboration behavior. At the same time, students skilled in comprehension allocated more time to processing MD tasks and were more likely to show MD-specific behaviors of corroboration and sourcing. Students' success in MD tasks was predicted by reading speed and working memory, with the effect of working memory being mediated by single-text comprehension. Behavioral indicators contributed independently in predicting students' MD comprehension. Results suggest that reading MDs resembles a problem-solving situation where students need to engage in controlled, non-routine processing to build up a comprehensive representation of MDs and benefit from highly automated, lower-level reading processes. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen

Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration […] Korinth, Sebastian; Nagler, Telse Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Language and Linguistics Compass | 2021 41072 Endnote: Autor*innen: Korinth, Sebastian; Nagler, Telse
Titel: Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration approach
In: Language and Linguistics Compass, 15 (2021) 3, S. e12408
DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12408
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lnc3.12408
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Empirische Forschung; Lesen; Leseverstehen; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Leistungssteigerung; Lesekompetenz; Schulanfänger; Unterrichtsmethode; Wirkung; Validität; Messverfahren; Aufmerksamkeit; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Einflussfaktor; Grundschüler; Sprache; Forschungsstand
Abstract (english): The reading acceleration phenomenon refers to the effect that experimentally induced time constraints can generate instantaneous improvements of reading rate, accuracy and comprehension among typical and reading impaired readers of different age groups. An overview of studies applying the fading manipulation (i.e., letters are erased in reading direction), which induces the time constraints causing the acceleration phenomenon, is provided in the first part of this review. The second part summarises the outcomes of studies using a training approach called the reading acceleration program (RAP) that integrated core principles of the acceleration phenomenon to generate persistent reading performance improvements. Our review shows ample evidence for the validity of the acceleration phenomenon, since it has been replicated across various languages and populations. However, although there are several explanatory approaches for underlying mechanisms, none of them is well substantiated by empirical evidence so far. Similarly, although generally positive effects of RAP training were reported for several languages and groups of readers, the exact mechanisms causing improved reading rates and comprehension are not well understood. Our critical discussion points out several limitations of RAP that call for further research. However, we also highlight several benefits regarding RAP's potential as an intervention approach for enhancements in reading performance. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Ambulatory assessment of rumination and worry. Capturing perseverative cognitions in children's […] Kramer, Andrea C.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Leonhardt, Anja; Brose, Annette; Dirk, Judith; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Psychological Assessment | 2021 41467 Endnote: Autor*innen: Kramer, Andrea C.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Leonhardt, Anja; Brose, Annette; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Ambulatory assessment of rumination and worry. Capturing perseverative cognitions in children's daily life
In: Psychological Assessment, 33 (2021) 9, S. 827-842
DOI: 10.1037/pas0001020
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-243171
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-243171
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Kind; Denken; Wiederholung; Negativität; Kognition; Affekt; Wohlbefinden; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leistung; Messverfahren; Validität; Psychometrie; Grundschüler; Fragebogen; Test; Smartphone; Empirische Untersuchung; Frankfurt a.M.; Deutschland
Abstract: Rumination and worry are common forms of perseverative cognition in children. Research has started to target perseverative cognitions in the everyday life of children, however, valid measurement instruments reliably capturing rumination and worry in children's daily life are still missing. We conducted two ambulatory assessment studies validating short scales suitable for the measurement of rumination and worry in children's daily life. Results of the first study (N = 110, 8-11 year-olds, 31 days, up to 4 daily measurements) supported a unidimensional structure of the rumination scale. Rumination was associated with negative affect (but not positive affect) on the within- and on the between-person level. On the between-person level, children who ruminated more showed poorer working memory performance. In the second study (N = 84, 8-10 year-olds, 21 days, up to 3 daily measurements), findings of Study 1 were largely replicated. Moreover, we established a unidimensional worry scale in Study 2 reliably capturing worry in children's daily life. Importantly, Study 2 showed that worry and rumination share common variance but can be differentiated in children. On the within-person level, higher levels of worry were associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of positive affect. On the between-person level, worry was associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower working memory performance. Altogether, findings of both studies demonstrated that the short scales had excellent psychometric properties suggesting that they are helpful tools for the assessment of rumination and worry in children's daily life.person level, worry was associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower working memory performance. Altogether, findings of both studies demonstrated that the short scales had excellent psychometric properties suggesting that they are helpful tools for the assessment of rumination and worry in children's daily life. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Gedächtnis und Wissen Brod, Garvin; Gold, Andreas Sammelbandbeitrag | Aus: Preiser, Siegfried (Hrsg.): Pädagogische Psychologie: Psychologische Grundlagen von Erziehung und Unterricht | Weinheim: Beltz Juventa | 2021 41384 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brod, Garvin; Gold, Andreas
Titel: Gedächtnis und Wissen
Aus: Preiser, Siegfried (Hrsg.): Pädagogische Psychologie: Psychologische Grundlagen von Erziehung und Unterricht, Weinheim: Beltz Juventa, 2021 , S. 54-78
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Gedächtnis; Wissen; Erinnerung; Vergessen; Lernprozess; Kognitive Prozesse; Informationsverarbeitung; Inhalt; Zeit; Modell; Wahrnehmung; Aufmerksamkeit; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Langzeitgedächtnis; Wissensrepräsentation
Abstract: [...] Einleitend (4.1) wird auf die Macht und auf die Anfälligkeit des menschlichen Gedächtnisses hingewiesen. In der Folge wird anhand eines Selbstversuchs auf die Bedeutsamkeit von Gedächtnisstrategien beim Lernen und Behalten eingegangen (4.2), bevor in systematischer Form eine Einführung in Gedächtnisarten (4.3) und Gedächtnisprozesse (4.4) gegeben wird. Ein wichtiger Aspekt des Prozessmodells zielt auf die Frage, wie Wissen und Können langfristig und dauerhalt im Gedächtnis gespeichert werden (4.5). Gedächtnisinhalte sind das Endprodukt von Lernprozessen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Foreign language learning in older age does not improve memory or intelligence. Evidence from a […] Berggren, Rasmus; Nilsson, Jonna; Brehmer, Yvonne; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Psychology and Aging | 2020 39899 Endnote: Autor*innen: Berggren, Rasmus; Nilsson, Jonna; Brehmer, Yvonne; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin
Titel: Foreign language learning in older age does not improve memory or intelligence. Evidence from a randomized controlled study
In: Psychology and Aging, 35 (2020) 2, S. 212-219
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000439
URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fpag0000439
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Fremdsprache; Lernen; Wirkung; Kognitive Kompetenz; Intelligenz; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Wortschatz; Assoziation; Leistungstest; Testkonstruktion; Strukturgleichungsmodell:Schweden
Abstract: Foreign language learning in older age has been proposed as a promising avenue for combatting age-related cognitive decline. We tested this hypothesis in a randomized controlled study in a sample of 160 healthy older participants (aged 65-75 years) who were randomized to 11 weeks of either language learning or relaxation training. Participants in the language learning condition obtained some basic knowledge in the new language (Italian), but between-groups differences in improvements on latent factors of verbal intelligence, spatial intelligence, working memory, item memory, or associative memory were negligible. We argue that this is not due to either poor measurement, low course intensity, or low statistical power, but that basic studies in foreign languages in older age are likely to have no or trivially small effects on cognitive abilities. We place this in the context of the cognitive training and engagement literature and conclude that while foreign language learning may expand the behavioral repertoire, it does little to improve cognitive processing abilities.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Cortex | 2020 40802 Endnote: Autor*innen: Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; Varikuti, Deepthi P.; Plachti, Anna; Lösche, Patrick; Hoffstaedter, Felix; Kalenscher, Tobias; Langner, Robert; Eickhoff, Simon B.
Titel: Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity
In: Cortex, 132 (2020) , S. 441-459
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.012
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Gehirn; Vernetzung; Altern; Lebensalter; Unterschied; Ruhe; Zustand; Magnetresonanzverfahren; Bildgebendes Verfahren; Maschine; Lernen; Leistung; Vorhersage; Explorative Studie; Deutschland
Abstract: Deterioration in working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with normal aging, but it remains unknown how age affects the relationship between WMC and connectivity within functional brain networks. We therefore examined the predictability of WMC from fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within eight meta-analytically defined functional brain networks and the connectome in young and old adults using relevance vector machine in a robust cross-validation scheme. Particular brain networks have been associated with mental functions linked to WMC to a varying degree and are associated with age-related differences in performance. Comparing prediction performance between the young and old sample revealed age-specific effects: In young adults, we found a general unpredictability of WMC from RSFC in networks subserving WM, cognitive action control, vigilant attention, theory-of-mind cognition, and semantic memory, whereas in older adults each network significantly predicted WMC. Moreover, both WM-related and WM-unrelated networks were differently predictive in older adults with low versus high WMC. These results indicate that the within-network functional coupling during task-free states is specifically related to individual task performance in advanced age, suggesting neural-level reorganization. In particular, our findings support the notion of a decreased segregation of functional brain networks, deterioration of network integrity within different networks and/or compensation by reorganization as factors driving associations between individual WMC and within-network RSFC in older adults. Thus, using multivariate pattern regression provided novel insights into age-related brain reorganization by linking cognitive capacity to brain network integrity. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Entwicklung als Ziel, Voraussetzung und Ergebnis von Bildung. Welchen Nutzen hat die […] Ehm, Jan-Henning; Hasselhorn, Marcus Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Schulmanagement | 2020 40706 Endnote: Autor*innen: Ehm, Jan-Henning; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Entwicklung als Ziel, Voraussetzung und Ergebnis von Bildung. Welchen Nutzen hat die Berücksichtigung entwicklungs-psychologischer Erkenntnisse für die schulische Praxis?
In: Schulmanagement, 51 (2020) 1, S. 31-35
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-216014
URL: http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-216014
Dokumenttyp: 3b. Beiträge in weiteren Zeitschriften; praxisorientiert
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Entwicklung; Kind; Entwicklungspsychologie; Lernvoraussetzungen; Lernprozess; Einflussfaktor; Bildungserfolg; Aktives Lernen; Strategie; Nutzung; Kognitive Prozesse; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leistung; Motivation; Unterrichtsfach; Interesse; Wirkung
Abstract: Der Erfolg einer Gestaltungsmaßnahme von Lernprozessen ist abhängig vom Entwicklungsstand der unterrichteten Kinder. Die Autoren gehen dieser entwicklungspsychologischen Erkenntnis nach und erörtern deren Bedeutung für das Lernen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Exploring factors underlying children's acquisition and retrieval of sound-symbol association skills Ehm, Jan-Henning; Lonnemann, Jan; Brandenburg, Janin; Huschka, Sina Simone; Hasselhorn, Marcus; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology | 2019 38561 Endnote: Autor*innen: Ehm, Jan-Henning; Lonnemann, Jan; Brandenburg, Janin; Huschka, Sina Simone; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Lervåg, Arne
Titel: Exploring factors underlying children's acquisition and retrieval of sound-symbol association skills
In: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 177 (2019) , S. 86-99
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.006
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022096518300389
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Kind; Kindergarten; Lesenlernen; Lautbildung; Assoziation; Symbol; Phonologie; Rechtschreibung; Feedback; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Test; Einsprachigkeit; Bilingualismus; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Einflussfaktor; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Regressionsanalyse
Abstract (english): Letter knowledge is considered an important cognitive foundation for learning to read. The underlying mechanisms of the association between letter knowledge and reading skills are, however, not fully understood. Acquiring letter knowledge depends on the ability to learn and retrieve sound-symbol pairings. In the current study, this process was explored by setting preschool children's (N = 242, mean age = 5.57 years) performance in the acquisition and retrieval of a paired associate learning (PAL) task in relation to their letter knowledge as well as to their performance in tasks assessing precursors of reading skills (i.e., phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, phonological short-term memory, backward recall, and response inhibition). Multiple regression analyses revealed that performance in the acquisition of the PAL task was significantly associated with phonological awareness and backward recall, whereas performance in the retrieval of the PAL task was significantly associated with rapid automatized nam- ing, phonological awareness, and backward recall. Moreover, PAL proved to be mediating the relation between reading precursors and letter knowledge. Together, these findings indicate that the acquisition of letter knowledge may depend on a visual-verbal associative learning mechanism and that different factors contribute to the acquisition and retrieval of such visual-verbal associations. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

The role of cognitive load in university students' comprehension of multiple documents Hahnel, Carolin; Schoor, Cornelia; Kroehne, Ulf; Goldhammer, Frank; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie | 2019 39546 Endnote: Autor*innen: Hahnel, Carolin; Schoor, Cornelia; Kroehne, Ulf; Goldhammer, Frank; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula
Titel: The role of cognitive load in university students' comprehension of multiple documents
In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 33 (2019) 2, S. 105-118
DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000238
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237814
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237814
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Student; Kognition; Belastung; Verstehen; Dokument; Aufgabe; Schwierigkeit; Problemlösen; Verhalten; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Einflussfaktor; Vorwissen; Text; Quelle; Logdatei; Universität
Abstract: Die Studie untersucht das Belastungserleben (Cognitive Load) von Studierenden beim Bearbeiten von Aufgaben, die das Verstehen multipler Dokumente erfordern (Multiple Document Comprehension, MDC). Es wurde geprüft, inwiefern die wahrgenommene Aufgabenschwierigkeit und die mentale Anstrengung von 310 Studierenden durch aufgabenspezifische Eigenschaften, individuelle Merkmale und ihr Bearbeitungsverhalten bestimmt werden und darüber hinaus MDC erklären. Für die Aufgabenschwierigkeit wurde gezeigt, dass sie mit der Dokumentenanzahl, der Textlänge, dem Studienniveau sowie der Berücksichtigung von Quellen in Zusammenhang steht. Die mentale Anstrengung wurde durch die Textlänge, das Studienniveau und Bearbeitungszeiten vorhergesagt. Unter Einschluss dieser Variablen als Kovariaten war das Belastungserleben inkrementell prädiktiv für MDC. Die Ergebnisse werden dahingehend diskutiert, wie Arbeitsgedächtnisressourcen den Prozess des Verstehens multipler Dokumente gestalten können. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): The study investigates the cognitive load of students working on tasks that require the comprehension of multiple documents (Multiple Document Comprehension, MDC). In a sample of 310 students, perceived task difficulty (PD) and mental effort (ME) were examined in terms of task characteristics, individual characteristics, and students' processing behavior. Moreover, it was investigated if PD and ME can still contribute to MDC while controlling for these variables. The perceived difficulty of the task was shown to be related to the number of documents, text length, study level, and sourcing. Mental effort was predicted by text length, study level, and processing time. When including these variables as covariates, cognitive load was incrementally predictive of MDC. The results are discussed in terms of how working memory resources can shape the process of comprehending multiple documents. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation