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Cognitive prerequisites for generative learning. Why some learning strategies are more effective […] Breitwieser, Jasmin; Brod, Garvin Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Child Development | 2021 40461 Endnote: Autor*innen: Breitwieser, Jasmin; Brod, Garvin
Titel: Cognitive prerequisites for generative learning. Why some learning strategies are more effective than others
In: Child Development, 92 (2021) 1, S. 258-272
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13393
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-252348
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-252348
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Lernstrategie; Effektivität; Voraussetzung; Kognition; Unterschied; Lebensalter; Altersabhängigkeit; Schüler; Student; Empirische Untersuchung; Augenbewegung; Bewegungsanalyse; Frankfurt a.M.; Deutschland
Abstract: This study examined age‐related differences in the effectiveness of two generative learning strategies (GLSs). Twenty‐five children aged 9-11 and 25 university students aged 17-29 performed a facts learning task in which they had to generate either a prediction or an example before seeing the correct result. We found a significant Age × Learning Strategy interaction, with children remembering more facts after generating predictions rather than examples, whereas both strategies were similarly effective in adults. Pupillary data indicated that predictions stimulated surprise, whereas the effectiveness of example‐based learning correlated with children's analogical reasoning abilities. These findings suggest that there are different cognitive prerequisites for different GLSs, which results in varying degrees of strategy effectiveness by age.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Generative learning. Which strategies for what age? Brod, Garvin Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Educational Psychology Review | 2021 40763 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brod, Garvin
Titel: Generative learning. Which strategies for what age?
In: Educational Psychology Review, 33 (2021) 4, S. 1295-1318
DOI: 10.1007/s10648-020-09571-9
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237048
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237048
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Lernen; Strategie; Effektivität; Aktives Lernen; Kind; Lebensalter; Entwicklung; Unterschied; Lerntechnik; Forschungsüberblick
Abstract: Generative learning strategies are intended to improve students' learning by prompting them to actively make sense of the material to be learned. But are they effective for all students? This review provides an overview of six popular generative learning strategies: concept mapping, explaining, predicting, questioning, testing, and drawing. Its main purpose is to review for what ages the effectiveness of these strategies has been demonstrated and whether there are indications of age-related differences in their effectiveness. The description of each strategy covers (1) how it is supposed to work, (2) the evidence on its effectiveness in different age groups, and (3) if there are age-related differences in its effectiveness. It is found that while all six generative learning strategies reviewed have proven effective for university students, evidence is mixed for younger students. Whereas some strategies (practice testing, predicting) seem to be effective already in lower-elementary-school children, others (drawing, questioning) seem to be largely ineffective until secondary school. The review closes with a call for research on the cognitive and metacognitive prerequisites of generative learning that can explain these differences.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Personality across the lifespan. Exploring measurement invariance of a short Big Five inventory […] Brandt, Naemi D.; Becker, Michael; Tetzner, Julia; Brunner, Martin; Kuhl, Poldi; Maaz, Kai Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment | 2020 40322 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brandt, Naemi D.; Becker, Michael; Tetzner, Julia; Brunner, Martin; Kuhl, Poldi; Maaz, Kai
Titel: Personality across the lifespan. Exploring measurement invariance of a short Big Five inventory from ages 11 to 84
In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 36 (2020) 1, S. 162-173
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000490
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/1015-5759/a000490
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Deutschland; Persönlichkeit; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Lebensalter; Kindheit; Jugendalter; Erwachsener; Alter; Einflussfaktor; Indikator; Validität; Erhebungsinstrument; Temperament; Messverfahren; Vergleich; Faktorenanalyse; Strukturgleichungsmodell
Abstract: Personality is a relevant predictor for important life outcomes across the entire lifespan. Although previous studies have suggested the comparability of the measurement of the Big Five personality traits across adulthood, the generalizability to childhood is largely unknown. The present study investigated the structure of the Big Five personality traits assessed with the Big Five Inventory-SOEP Version (BFI-S; SOEP = Socio-Economic Panel) across a broad age range spanning 11-84 years. We used two samples of N = 1,090 children (52% female, Mage = 11.87) and N = 18,789 adults (53% female, Mage = 51.09), estimating a multigroup CFA analysis across four age groups (late childhood: 11-14 years; early adulthood: 17-30 years; middle adulthood: 31-60 years; late adulthood: 61-84 years). Our results indicated the comparability of the personality trait metric in terms of general factor structure, loading patterns, and the majority of intercepts across all age groups. Therefore, the findings suggest both a reliable assessment of the Big Five personality traits with the BFI-S even in late childhood and a vastly comparable metric across age groups. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens

Personality across the lifespan. Exploring measurement invariance of a short big five inventory […] Brandt, Naemi; Becker, Michael; Tetzner, Julia; Brunner, Martin; Kuhl, Poldi; Maaz, Kai Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. | 2020 38867 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brandt, Naemi; Becker, Michael; Tetzner, Julia; Brunner, Martin; Kuhl, Poldi; Maaz, Kai
Titel: Personality across the lifespan. Exploring measurement invariance of a short big five inventory from ages 11 to 84
In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment., 36 (2020) 1, S. 162-173
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000490
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/1015-5759/a000490
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Validität; Reliabilität; Persönlichkeit; Messung; Indikator; Lebensalter; Erhebungsinstrument; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Kind; Grundschulalter; Erwachsener; Alter Mensch;
Abstract: Personality is a relevant predictor for important life outcomes across the entire lifespan. Although previous studies have suggested the comparability of the measurement of the Big Five personality traits across adulthood, the generalizability to childhood is largely unknown. The present study investigated the structure of the Big Five personality traits assessed with the Big Five Inventory-SOEP Version (BFI-S; SOEP = Socio-Economic Panel) across a broad age range spanning 11-84 years. We used two samples of N = 1,090 children (52% female, Mage = 11.87) and N = 18,789 adults (53% female, Mage = 51.09), estimating a multigroup CFA analysis across four age groups (late childhood: 11-14 years; early adulthood: 17-30 years; middle adulthood: 31-60 years; late adulthood: 61-84 years). Our results indicated the comparability of the personality trait metric in terms of general factor structure, loading patterns, and the majority of intercepts across all age groups. Therefore, the findings suggest both a reliable assessment of the Big Five personality traits with the BFI-S even in late childhood and a vastly comparable metric across age groups. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens

Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Cortex | 2020 40802 Endnote: Autor*innen: Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; Varikuti, Deepthi P.; Plachti, Anna; Lösche, Patrick; Hoffstaedter, Felix; Kalenscher, Tobias; Langner, Robert; Eickhoff, Simon B.
Titel: Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity
In: Cortex, 132 (2020) , S. 441-459
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.012
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Gehirn; Vernetzung; Altern; Lebensalter; Unterschied; Ruhe; Zustand; Magnetresonanzverfahren; Bildgebendes Verfahren; Maschine; Lernen; Leistung; Vorhersage; Explorative Studie; Deutschland
Abstract: Deterioration in working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with normal aging, but it remains unknown how age affects the relationship between WMC and connectivity within functional brain networks. We therefore examined the predictability of WMC from fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within eight meta-analytically defined functional brain networks and the connectome in young and old adults using relevance vector machine in a robust cross-validation scheme. Particular brain networks have been associated with mental functions linked to WMC to a varying degree and are associated with age-related differences in performance. Comparing prediction performance between the young and old sample revealed age-specific effects: In young adults, we found a general unpredictability of WMC from RSFC in networks subserving WM, cognitive action control, vigilant attention, theory-of-mind cognition, and semantic memory, whereas in older adults each network significantly predicted WMC. Moreover, both WM-related and WM-unrelated networks were differently predictive in older adults with low versus high WMC. These results indicate that the within-network functional coupling during task-free states is specifically related to individual task performance in advanced age, suggesting neural-level reorganization. In particular, our findings support the notion of a decreased segregation of functional brain networks, deterioration of network integrity within different networks and/or compensation by reorganization as factors driving associations between individual WMC and within-network RSFC in older adults. Thus, using multivariate pattern regression provided novel insights into age-related brain reorganization by linking cognitive capacity to brain network integrity. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

A boon and a bane. Comparing the effects of prior knowledge on memory across the lifespan Brod, Garvin; Lee Shing, Yee Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Developmental Psychology | 2019 39745 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brod, Garvin; Lee Shing, Yee
Titel: A boon and a bane. Comparing the effects of prior knowledge on memory across the lifespan
In: Developmental Psychology, 55 (2019) 6, S. 1326-1337
DOI: 10.1037/dev0000712
URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fdev0000712
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Vorwissen; Wissen; Wirkung; Gedächtnis; Lebensalter; Erinnerung; Fehler; Informationsverarbeitung; Objekt; Raum; Assoziation; Kind; Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Leistungsfähigkeit; Test; Altersgruppe; Vergleich
Abstract: We tested 6- to 7-year-olds, 18- to 22-year-olds, and 67- to 74-year-olds on an associative memory task that consisted of knowledge-congruent and knowledge-incongruent object-scene pairs that were highly familiar to all age groups. We compared the 3 age groups on their memory congruency effect (i.e., better memory for knowledge-congruent associations) and on a schema bias score, which measures participants' tendency to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors. We found that prior knowledge similarly benefited memory for items encoded in a congruent context in all age groups. However, for associative memory, older adults and, to a lesser extent, children overrelied on their prior knowledge, as indicated by an enhanced congruency effect and schema bias. Functional MRI (fMRI) performed during memory encoding revealed an age-independent Memory × Congruency interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Furthermore, the magnitude of vmPFC recruitment correlated positively with the schema bias. These findings suggest that older adults are most prone to rely on their prior knowledge for episodic memory decisions, but that children can also rely heavily on prior knowledge that they are well acquainted with. Furthermore, the fMRI results suggest that the vmPFC plays a key role in the assimilation of new information into existing knowledge structures across the entire life span. vmPFC recruitment leads to better memory for knowledge-congruent information but also to a heightened susceptibility to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors, in particular in children and older adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Kognitives Training Karbach, Julia; Schmiedek, Florian; Hasselhorn, Marcus Sammelbandbeitrag | Aus: Rost, Detlef H.; Sparfeldt, Jörn R.; Buch, Susanne R. (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch Pädagogische Psychologie | Weinheim: Beltz | 2018 38217 Endnote: Autor*innen: Karbach, Julia; Schmiedek, Florian; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Kognitives Training
Aus: Rost, Detlef H.; Sparfeldt, Jörn R.; Buch, Susanne R. (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch Pädagogische Psychologie, Weinheim: Beltz, 2018 , S. 345-353
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Kognition; Kognitives Lernen; Training; Begriff; Definition; Forschungsstand; Prävention; Intervention; Lernstrategie; Gedächtnis; Lebensalter; Schulerfolg; Wissenstransfer; Wissenserwerb; Wirkung; Effektivität; Evaluation
Abstract: Als kognitives Training [...] bezeichnet man in der Pädagogischen Psychologie Präventions-, Interventions- und Fördermaßnahmen, deren Ziel darin besteht, kognitive Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten [...] zu verbessern oder bei denen die Erreichung eines nicht-kognitiven Förderzieles über die Veränderung kognitiver Prozesse angestrebt wird. [...] Insgesamt scheint prozessbasiertes Training im Bereich von [Arbeitsgedächtnis] und [exekutiven Funktionen] am ehesten zu Transfereffekten zu führen, die auch schulische Fähigkeiten einschließen. Da diese Effekte oftmals recht klein sind, ist die Frage, ob kognitive Trainings als sinnvoll anzusehen sind und ihre Effekte weiter erforscht werden sollten? Dies erscheint in jedem Falle sinnvoll, denn aus theoretischer Sicht macht es einen großen Unterschied für die Konzeptualisierung von Konstrukten wie Intelligenz, wenn sie durch Training verändert werden können. Aus praktischer Sicht ist [...] relevant, dass auch kleine Effekte deutlich vergrößert werden könnten, wenn wir verstehen, welche Eigenschaften eines Trainings seine Effektivität erhöhen und wie wir diese steigern können (vgl. Oberauer, 2015). Dabei sollten aber immer wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die auf ein großes Potenzial, aber auch deutliche Grenzen der Effekte kognitiver Trainings hindeuten, von den wenig wissenschaftlichen und unrealistischen Versprechungen der Anbieter vieler kommerzieller Trainings abgegrenzt werden (vgl. Gemeinsame Erklärung von internationalen Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaftlern, 2014). (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Development of cognition and intelligence Schmiedek, Florian Sammelbandbeitrag | Aus: Specht, Jule (Hrsg.): Personality development across the lifespan | London: Elsevier | 2017 37220 Endnote: Autor*innen: Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Development of cognition and intelligence
Aus: Specht, Jule (Hrsg.): Personality development across the lifespan, London: Elsevier, 2017 , S. 309-323
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804674-6.00019-3
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Empirische Forschung; Persönlichkeitsentwicklung; Kognitive Entwicklung; Intelligenz; Veränderung; Lebensalter; Kognitive Kompetenz; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Kindheit; Alter; Vergleich; Lernvoraussetzungen; Lernbedingungen; Unterschied; Genetik; Umwelteinfluss
Abstract: Lifespan cognitive development is shaped by biological processes of maturation and senescence and their interplay with experience-dependent processes of learning. The development of basic information-processing functions (i.e., the mechanics of cognition) is characterized by normative growth in childhood and adolescence and more or less pronounced declines in adulthood and old age, while knowledge and skill acquisition (i.e., the pragmatics of cognition) keep their potential for improvements across the adult lifespan. The large individual differences in cognitive functioning observable at any age are characterized, on the one hand, by impressive stability across the lifespan, corresponding to large heritability estimates in adulthood. On the other hand, environmental influences can strongly act on cognitive development, independently of, driven by, or interacting with genetic differences. These environmental influences range from effects of home environment, early education, and regular schooling to those of lifestyles during adulthood that characterized by intellectual stimulation, physical activity, and behavior supporting general health. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Intelligence. Central conceptions and psychometric models Schmiedek, Florian; Li, Shu-Chen Sammelbandbeitrag | Aus: Wright, James D. (Hrsg.): International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences | Oxford: Elsevier | 2015 35366 Endnote: Autor*innen: Schmiedek, Florian; Li, Shu-Chen
Titel: Intelligence. Central conceptions and psychometric models
Aus: Wright, James D. (Hrsg.): International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences, Oxford: Elsevier, 2015 , S. 290-296
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.25014-9
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Lexika/Enzyklopädie o.ä.
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Forschung; Genetik; Informationsverarbeitung; Intelligenz; Intelligenzmessung; Intelligenztest; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Prozesse; Konzeption; Lebensalter; Modell; Psychometrie; Theorie; Umwelteinfluss
Abstract: Scientific inquiries into the nature of intelligence have journeyed for more than a century and have yielded a broad collection of theoretical conceptions and measurements. This article seeks to provide an overview of research on intelligence. Central theoretical conceptions and related measurement issues are reviewed along three orientations (i.e., the product-process, the human-ecology, the lifespan developmental) as well as their relative emphases on interactions between these dimensions. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Ethnographie und Differenz in pädagogischen Feldern. Internationale Entwicklungen […] Tervooren, Anja; Engel, Nicolas; Göhlich, Michael; Miethe, Ingrid; Reh, Sabine (Hrsg.) Sammelband | Bielefeld: transcript | 2014 34541 Endnote: Herausgeber*innen: Tervooren, Anja; Engel, Nicolas; Göhlich, Michael; Miethe, Ingrid; Reh, Sabine
Titel: Ethnographie und Differenz in pädagogischen Feldern. Internationale Entwicklungen erziehungswissenschaftlicher Forschung
Erscheinungsvermerk: Bielefeld: transcript, 2014 (Pädagogik)
Dokumenttyp: 2. Herausgeberschaft; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Anerkennung; Audioaufzeichnung; Beobachtung; Bildungsforschung; Bildungstheorie; Deutschland; Differenzierung; Empirische Forschung; Ethnografie; Feldforschung; Forschungsstand; Fremdes; Frühpädagogik; Grundschulalter; Grundschule; Heterogene Gruppe; Heterogenität; Interdisziplinarität; Katalonien; Konstruktivismus; Lebensalter; Methodologie; Organisation; Organisationspädagogik; Organisationssoziologie; Peergroup; Schulanfang; Schulbildung; Schüler; Schüler-Schüler-Beziehung; Teilnehmende Beobachtung; Unterschied; USA; Videoaufzeichnung; Wissenschaftsdisziplin
Abstract: Ethnographische Ansätzem seit den 1990er Jahren fester Bestandteil der deutschsprachigen erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung, sind aufgrund ihrer historischne Wurzeln in der Theorie und Forschungspraxis von Ethnologie und Anthropologie in besonderer Weise mit der Erforschung von Differenz in pädagogischen Feldern befasst. Dabei spielt Differenz in doppelter Weise eine Rolle. Pädagogisches Handeln selbst erzeugt Differenzen und zugleich können Differenzen auch Konstruktionen der Beobachtung sein. Vor dem Hintergrund gesellschafts- und bildungspolitisch neu entbrannter Debatten um verschiedene Formen von Differenz und deren Zusammenwirken werden in diesem Band Fragen der Produktion und Wirkungen von Differenzen theoretisch und methodologisch diskutiert und anhand eines breiten Spektrums pädagogischer Felder empirisch veranschaulicht. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bibliothek für Bildungsgeschichtliche Forschung