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Autor*innen: Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Schmiedek, Florian; Siebert, Stefan; Richter, David; Brose, Annette
Titel: Perspectives on resilience. Trait resilience, correlates of resilience in daily life, and longer-term change in affective distress
In: Stress and Health, 39 (2023) 1, S. 59-73
DOI: 10.1002/smi.3164
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smi.3164
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Alltag; Anpassung; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Erlebnis; Fragebogen; Korrelation; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Mehrebenenanalyse; Messung; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Regressionsanalyse; Resilienz; Smartphone; Stress; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Veränderung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Resilience describes successful adaptation in the face of adversity, commonly inferred from trajectories of well-being following major life events. Alternatively, resilience was conceptualised as a psychological trait, facilitating adaptation through stable individual characteristics. Both perspectives may relate to individual differences in how stress is regulated in daily life. In the present study, we combined these perspectives on resilience. Our sample consisted of N = 132 middle-aged adults, who experienced major life events in between two waves of a longitudinal study. We implemented latent change regression models to predict change in affective distress. As predictors, we investigated trait resilience and correlates of resilience in daily life (stressor occurrence, stress reactivity, positive reappraisal, mindful attention, and acceptance), measured using experience sampling (T = 70 occasions). Unexpectedly, trait resilience was not associated with change in distress. In contrast, resilience correlates in daily life, most notably lower stress reactivity, were associated with more favourable change. Higher trait resilience related to higher average mindfulness, higher reappraisal, and lower negative affect. Overall, while trait resilience translated into everyday correlates of resilience, it was not predictive of changes in affective distress. Instead, precursors of changes in well-being may be found in correlates of resilience in daily life. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Sacré, Margault; Ries, Nora; Wolf, Kristin; Kunter, Mareike
Titel: Teacher's well-being and their teaching quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective study
In: Frontiers in Education, 8 (2023) , S. 1136940
DOI: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1136940
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2023.1136940/full
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Befragung; Belastung; Deutschland; Fernunterricht; Grundschule; Klassenführung; Kognitive Aktivierung; Lehrer; Motivation; Pandemie; Qualität; Regressionsanalyse; Schüler; Sekundarbereich; Selbstregulation; Stress; Unterstützung; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden; Zufriedenheit
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers reported low levels of well-being. Lower levels of well-being can negatively impact job performance and teaching quality. This study aims to examine whether the quality of teaching changed between before and during the pandemic, in two settings: remote and restricted in-person settings, and whether teachers' well-being was related to the quality of teaching. 279 German-speaking (primary and secondary) teachers were retrospectively surveyed with an online questionnaire. Results showed that even if teachers reported being emotionally exhausted, they still were satisfied with their profession, highlighting the multidimensionality of well-being. For online instruction, teachers reported decrease in teaching quality in terms of cognitive activation, classroom management, and learning support compared to pre-pandemic times. Additionally, according to the teachers, their teaching quality did not return to its original state when schools reopened. However, the data does not show that this decrease is associated with teachers' well-being. This study suggests that it is not only the quantity of learning that may have caused students' learning losses, but also its quality. As a possible practical consequence, it seems helpful to provide teachers not only with technical, but also pedagogical support when teaching online and after having returned to in-person settings. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Autor*innen: Voss, Thamar; Klusmann, Uta; Bönke, Nikolaus; Richter, Dirk; Kunter, Mareike
Titel: Teachers' emotional exhaustion and teaching enthusiasm before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from a long-term longitudinal study
In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 231 (2023) 2, S. 103-114
DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000520
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/2151-2604/a000520
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Anpassung; Arbeitsbedingungen; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Emotionaler Zustand; Freude; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Latente Wachstumskurvenmodelle; Mathematiklehrer; Mathematikunterricht; Motivation; Pandemie; Persönlichkeit; Stress; Veränderung; Wirkung
Abstract: Because of the sudden removal of teachers' work routines, we investigated pandemic-related changes in mathematics teachers' emotional exhaustion and teaching enthusiasm. We drew on data from a 15-year longitudinal study, including four pre-pandemic (2007 to 2019) and two pandemic (2021 and 2022) measurement points. During the COVID-19 pandemic, N = 194 teachers participated in 2021 and N = 214 in 2022. Results from latent growth curve models indicated a pronounced increase in emotional exhaustion and a decrease in enthusiasm during the pandemic. We also found that good technical equipment and high openness represent resources associated with a lower increase in emotional exhaustion, whereas difficulties with students during the COVID-19 pandemic and high extraversion were risk factors. Like in other occupations, these results indicate that COVID-19 negatively affected teachers' experiences and highlight the need to support teachers to avoid further negative consequences for teachers and students.
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Autor*innen: Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Houben, Marlies; Erbas, Yasemine; Brose, Annette
Titel: Why do my thoughts feel so bad? Getting at the reciprocal effects of rumination and negative affect using dynamic structural equation modeling
In: Emotion, 22 (2022) 8, S. 1773-1786
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000946
URL: https://doi.apa.org/record/2021-21139-001
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Belgien; Datenanalyse; Datenerfassung; Dauer; Denken; Depression; Deutschland; Einstellung <Psy>; Emotion; Emotionaler Zustand; Fragebogenerhebung; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Messverfahren; Psychische Vorgänge; Stimmung; Stress; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Student; Tagesablauf; Wirkung
Abstract: Rumination means to perseveratively think about one's negative feelings and problems. It is a response to affective distress that is often referred to as maladaptive emotion regulation. According to the response styles theory and control theory, rumination may further prolong and exacerbate affective distress. This means that rumination can be viewed as both an antecedent and an outcome of negative affect (NA), and vice versa. However, at the level of short-term dynamics, state rumination and NA have previously mainly been examined as two separate outcomes. To model the reciprocal within-person effects and hence, to match theoretical assumptions, we combined the two interrelated time series in one model using dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM). Both effects (NA on subsequent rumination and rumination on subsequent NA) were modeled simultaneously while acknowledging the autoregressive nature of both states (inert properties). We used data from two experience sampling studies (NStudy 1 = 200 Belgian university students; NStudy 2 = 70 German university students). Participants were paged on smartphones several times a day (Study 1: 10; Study 2: 6) for several days (Study 1: 7; Study 2: 9-12). In both studies, we found evidence for reciprocal effects of NA and rumination, and both processes showed autoregressive relationships. Aside from central findings, higher levels of rumination were also associated with higher rumination inertia, pointing toward more habitual rumination also being associated with prolonged rumination. Together, using DSEM, we found reciprocal associations between rumination and NA, while providing new insights into the dynamics between the two processes. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Integrating state dynamics and trait change. A tutorial using the example of stress reactivity and change in well-being
In: European Journal of Personality, 36 (2022) 2, S. 180-199
DOI: 10.1177/08902070211014055
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08902070211014055
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Mehrebenenanalyse; Stress; Reaktion; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden; Emotionaler Zustand; Veränderung; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Messverfahren; Methode; Modellierung; Simulation; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Regressionsanalyse
Abstract: Recent theoretical accounts on the causes of trait change emphasize the potential relevance of states. In the same vein, reactions to daily stress have been shown to prospectively predict change in well-being, speaking for the proposition that state dynamics can be a precursor to long-term change in more stable individual-differences characteristics. A common analysis approach towards linking state dynamics such as stress reactivity and change in some more stable individual differences characteristic has been a two-step approach, modeling state dynamics and trait change separately. In this paper, we elaborate on one-step procedures to simultaneously model state dynamics and trait change, realized in the multilevel structural equation modeling framework. We highlight three distinct advantages over the two-step approach which pre-exists in the methodological literature, and we disseminate these advantages to a larger audience. We target a readership of substantive researchers interested in the relationships between state dynamics and traits or trait change, and we provide them with a tutorial style paper on state-of-the-art methods on these topics. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Schmiedek, Florian; Kramer, Andrea C.; Schmidt, Andrea; Neubauer, Andreas B.
Titel: Change in mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of appraisals and daily life experiences
In: Journal of Personality, 89 (2021) 3, S. 468-482
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12592
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jopy.12592
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Emotionaler Zustand; Bewertung; Pandemie; Stress; Wohlbefinden; Achtsamkeit; Psychohygiene; Alltag; Erfahrung; Empirische Untersuchung; Tagebuch; Pretest; Deutschland
Abstract: Intro: When confronted with major threats, people often experience decline in well‐being. The central purpose of this study was to identify mechanisms underlying change of well‐being in times of threat, using the example of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a focus on appraisals of the pandemic and affective states, stress, as well as mindfulness in daily life.
Methods: We conducted a study across 3.5 weeks, including pretest, posttest, and a diary phase in‐between. We worked with a sample of 460 adults, pre‐ and post‐test information, as well as 7189 observations from the diary phase.
Results: Results showed that deterioration in mental health symptoms across the duration of the study was associated with (a) change towards less fortunate appraisals of the pandemic and (b), more negative affect and less mindfulness in daily life. Furthermore, appraisals of the pandemic at pretest predicted experiences in daily life, with more negative appraisals of the pandemic predicting more negative affect and stressor occurrence as well as less mindfulness.
Discussion: These findings speak to the dynamic nature of well‐being and appraisals in times of threat, and highlight the role of experiences in daily life in changes in well‐being. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Hambrecht, Susan; Oerke, Ann-Kathrin; Heistermann, Michael; Hartig, Johannes; Dierkes, Paul W.
Titel: Effects of positive reinforcement training and novel object exposure on salivary cortisol levels under consideration of individual variation in captive African elephants (loxodonta africana)
In: Animals, 11 (2021) 12, S. 3525
DOI: 10.3390/ani11123525
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123525
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Elefant; Training; Stress; Zoo; Tierhaltung; Tierbeobachtung; Physiologie; Reaktion <Physiol>; Tierpflege; Tierverhalten
Abstract (english): Dealing with potential stress in species that have high husbandry requirements, such as elephants, is a challenge for zoos. The objective of the present study was to determine whether positive reinforcement training (PRT) and exposure to a novel object (NOV) for enrichment induced a salivary cortisol response indicative of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and which factors determine individual variation in this regard in captive African elephants. We repeatedly sampled the saliva of ten animals (three zoos) for the analysis of cortisol (SACort) before and up to 60 min (in 10-15 min intervals) after the onset of PRT (three repeats) or NOV (nine repeats), which lasted 10 min. There was considerable individual variation in SACort in response to PRT or NOV. Using mixed models, we were able to control these and to reveal that PRT was associated with high SACort before and relatively low SACort after PRT, while NOV induced a moderate SACort increase. The individual differences in SACort were related to age and sex (NOV), while the effects of zoo, handling method (free vs. protected contact) and reproductive and social status were variable. We conclude that positive affective states, such as anticipation or arousal, should be taken into account when interpreting the differences in the SACort responses between PRT and NOV. In addition, understanding the individuality of stress will support management decisions aimed at promoting captive elephant welfare. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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Autor*innen: Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmidt, Andrea; Kramer, Andrea C.; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: A little autonomy support goes a long way. Daily autonomy-supportive parenting, child well-being, parental need fulfillment, and change in child, family, and parent adjustment across the adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic
In: Child Development, 92 (2021) 5, S. 1679-1697
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13515
URL: https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.13515
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Mehrebenenanalyse; Deutschland; Pandemie; Eltern; Kind; Selbstständigkeit; Unterstützung; Wirkung; Verhalten; Wohlbefinden; Bedürfnisbefriedigung; Veränderung; Verhaltensänderung; Anpassung; Familienleben; Stress; Vitalität; Befragung; Fragebogen; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Strukturgleichungsmodell
Abstract: This study examined the effects of daily parental autonomy support on changes in child behavior, family environment, and parental well‐being across 3 weeks during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Day‐to‐day associations among autonomy‐supportive parenting, parental need fulfillment, and child well‐being were also assessed. Parents (longitudinal N = 469; Mage = 42.93, SDage = 6.40) of school children (6-19 years) reported on adjustment measures at two measurement occasions and completed up to 21 daily online questionnaires in the weeks between these assessments. Results from dynamic structural equation models suggested reciprocal positive relations among autonomy‐supportive parenting and parental need fulfillment. Daily parental autonomy support, parental need fulfillment, and child well‐being partially predicted change in adjustment measures highlighting the central role of daily parenting for children's adjustment during the pandemic. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Sicorello, Maurizio; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Stoffel, Martin; Koehler, Friederike; Voss, Andreas; Ditzen, Beate
Titel: Psychological structure and neuroendocrine patterns of daily stress appraisals
In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, 127 (2021) , S. 105198
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105198
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-251697
URL: https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2022/25169/pdf/PNEC_2021_Sicorello_et-al_Psychological-structure-and-neuroendocrine_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Stress; Bewertung; Selbstbeobachtung; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Neurophysiologie; Hormonphysiologie; Psychologische Forschung; Psychosomatik; Neuropsychologische Messung; Mehrebenenanalyse; Deutschland
Abstract: Threat and challenge are two fundamental appraisal concepts of psychological stress theories, determined by the mismatch between demands and resources. Previous research has predominantly investigated the neuroendocrine correlates of stress appraisal in laboratory contexts during acute demanding situations. We tested whether the psychoneuroendocrinology of stress appraisals can also be investigated in naturalistic trans-contextual everyday life settings. Forty-two participants produced five daily saliva samples and provided concurrent questionnaire data on subjective stress, demands, resources, and the threat-challenge continuum over the course of five days (69% female; mean age = 22.8, range = 18-30 years). Momentary salivary cortisol and alpha amylase were predicted with three-level autoregressive linear mixed models. We found that both momentary cortisol and alpha amylase were elevated during higher subjective stress. In contrast, cortisol was not significantly related to a bipolar threat-challenge indicator. Moreover within-person response surface analyses showed no effect of the mismatch between demands and resources on either physiological stress indicator, but confirmed theoretically proposed effects on subjective threat-challenge, which was replicated in another intensive longitudinal (N = 61) and a large cross-sectional sample (N = 1194). In sum, our study (a) suggests robust relations between subjective stress and HPA/SAM axis activity on a moment-to-moment basis and (b) confirms theoretical predictions concerning stress appraisal and the mismatch between demands and resources on a psychological level. In contrast, no neuroendocrine patterns of threat-challenge were found, suggesting that neuroendocrine patterns might be context-specific and do not apply to a general demand-resource imbalance in everyday life. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Friedmann, F.; Santangelo, P.; Ebner-Priemer, U.; Hill, H.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Rausch, S.; Steil, R.; Müller-Engelmann, M.; Kleindienst, N.; Bohus, M.; Fydrich, T.; Priebe, K.
Titel: Life within a limited radius: Investigating activity space in women with a history of child abuse using global positioning system tracking
In: PLoS ONE, 15 (2020) 5, S. e0232666
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232666
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232705
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2022/23270/pdf/Neubauer_2020_Life_within_a_limited_radius_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp: Zeitschriftenbeiträge; Zeitschriftenbeiträge
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Kindesmissbrauch; Sexueller Missbrauch; Frau; Posttraumatisches Stresssyndrom; Erwachsenenalter; Mobilität; Aktivität; Radius; Alltag; Psychische Gesundheit; Psychische Belastung; Vergleichsuntersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract: Early experiences of childhood sexual or physical abuse are often associated with functional impairments, reduced well-being and interpersonal problems in adulthood. Prior studies have addressed whether the traumatic experience itself or adult psychopathology is linked to these limitations. To approach this question, individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and healthy individuals with and without a history of child abuse were investigated. We used global positioning system (GPS) tracking to study temporal and spatial limitations in the participants' real-life activity space over the course of one week. The sample consisted of 228 female participants: 150 women with PTSD and emotional instability with a history of child abuse, 35 mentally healthy women with a history of child abuse (healthy trauma controls, HTC) and 43 mentally healthy women without any traumatic experiences in their past (healthy controls, HC). Both traumatized groups-i.e. the PTSD and the HTC group-had smaller movement radii than the HC group on the weekends, but neither spent significantly less time away from home than HC. Some differences between PTSD and HC in movement radius seem to be related to correlates of PTSD psychopathology, like depression and physical health. Yet group differences between HTC and HC in movement radius remained even when contextual and individual health variables were included in the model, indicating specific effects of traumatic experiences on activity space. Experiences of child abuse could limit activity space later in life, regardless of whether PTSD develops. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung