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Changes in the speed-ability relation through different treatments of rapid guessing
Deribo, Tobias; Goldhammer, Frank; Kröhne, Ulf
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Educational and Psychological Measurement | 2023
42903 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Deribo, Tobias; Goldhammer, Frank; Kröhne, Ulf
Titel:
Changes in the speed-ability relation through different treatments of rapid guessing
In:
Educational and Psychological Measurement, 83 (2023) 3, S. 473-494
DOI:
10.1177/00131644221109490
URL:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00131644221109490
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Antwort; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Fertigkeit; Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie; Item-Response-Theory; Leistungstest; Modell; Panel; Psychometrie; Reliabilität; Student; Test; Validität; Verhalten; Zeit
Abstract (english):
As researchers in the social sciences, we are often interested in studying not directly observable constructs through assessments and questionnaires. But even in a well-designed and well-implemented study, rapid-guessing behavior may occur. Under rapid-guessing behavior, a task is skimmed shortly but not read and engaged with in-depth. Hence, a response given under rapid-guessing behavior does bias constructs and relations of interest. Bias also appears reasonable for latent speed estimates obtained under rapid-guessing behavior, as well as the identified relation between speed and ability. This bias seems especially problematic considering that the relation between speed and ability has been shown to be able to improve precision in ability estimation. For this reason, we investigate if and how responses and response times obtained under rapid-guessing behavior affect the identified speed-ability relation and the precision of ability estimates in a joint model of speed and ability. Therefore, the study presents an empirical application that highlights a specific methodological problem resulting from rapid-guessing behavior. Here, we could show that different (non-)treatments of rapid guessing can lead to different conclusions about the underlying speed-ability relation. Furthermore, different rapid-guessing treatments led to wildly different conclusions about gains in precision through joint modeling. The results show the importance of taking rapid guessing into account when the psychometric use of response times is of interest. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Fostering multiple document comprehension. Motivational factors and its relationship with the use […]
Zink, Theresa; Hahnel, Carolin; Kroehne, Ulf; Deribo, Tobias; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft | 2023
44004 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Zink, Theresa; Hahnel, Carolin; Kroehne, Ulf; Deribo, Tobias; Mahlow, Nina; Artelt, Cordula; Goldhammer, Frank; Naumann, Johannes; Schoor, Cornelia
Titel:
Fostering multiple document comprehension. Motivational factors and its relationship with the use of self-study materials
In:
Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 26 (2023) 3, S. 727-750
DOI:
10.1007/s11618-023-01163-x
URL:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11618-023-01163-x
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Deutschland; Dokument; Empirische Untersuchung; Feedback; Fertigkeit; Fragebogen; Kompetenz; Korrelationsanalyse; Logdatei; Material; Motivation; Regressionsanalyse; Selbsteinschätzung; Selbststudium; Student; Test; Text; Universität; Verbesserung; Verstehen
Abstract:
Multiple Document Comprehension (MDC) ist eine wichtige Kompetenz für Studierende, weshalb ihre Verbesserung vorteilhaft ist. Wir nehmen an, dass der wahrgenommene Wert der MDC-Kompetenz wichtig bei der Förderung von MDC ist, da er ein Prädiktor für Verhaltensentscheidungen sein kann, wie z. B. die Bearbeitung von Selbstlernmaterialien. Die Bearbeitung von Selbstlernmaterialien ist typisch für das Lernen an Universitäten, erfordert aber die Motivation, sich in einer Kompetenz wie MDC zu verbessern. Wir definieren die Motivation, sich in MDC zu verbessern, als die Erwartung, den Wert und die damit verbundenen Kosten, sich in MDC zu verbessern. Wir nehmen an, dass die Motivation, sich in MDC zu verbessern, sowohl die Bearbeitung der Selbstlernmaterialien beeinflusst als auch von dem wahrgenommenen Wert der MDC-Kompetenz abhängt. Deshalb wurde in dieser Studie untersucht, ob der wahrgenommene Wert der MDC-Kompetenz die Motivation, sich in MDC zu verbessern, vorhersagt und letztere die Bearbeitung von Selbstlernmaterialien begünstigt. Insgesamt nahmen N = 278 Studierende dreier deutscher Universitäten an einem MDC-Test teil und hatten danach die Möglichkeit, ihre MDC-Kompetenz mit Selbstlernmaterialien zu trainieren. Das Engagement bei der Bearbeitung der Selbstlernmaterialien wurde über die Bearbeitungszeit und die Anzahl der Seitenwechsel gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass der wahrgenommene Wert der MDC-Kompetenz die Motivation, sich in MDC zu verbessern, teilweise vorhersagte. Die weiteren Analysen zeigten im Wesentlichen keine signifikanten Effekte des wahrgenommenen Werts der MDC-Kompetenz und der Motivation, sich zu verbessern, auf das Engagement bei der Bearbeitung der Selbstlernmaterialien. Allerdings deuteten die ausgewerteten Log-Daten darauf hin, dass das Selbstlernmaterial nicht in dem erwarteten Umfang bearbeitet wurde. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english):
Multiple document comprehension (MDC) is an essential skill for university students, making it beneficial to improve it. We assume that the value assigned to MDC is important to foster MDC since it can be a predictor for behavioral choices, such as working with self-study material. Using self-study material is typical for university learning, but it requires the motivation to improve a skill such as MDC. We define motivation to improve MDC in terms of expectancy, value, and cost to improve MDC. We expect that it is a driving force for working with self-study material on MDC, while it might also depend on the perceived value of MDC. Therefore, this study examined whether the perceived value of MDC predicts the motivation to improve MDC, which is also expected to predict the use of self-study material. A total of 278 students of different majors participated in a MDC assessment and received the opportunity to train their MDC skill with self-study material. The engagement in using the self-study material was measured by the total time and the number of page transitions on the self-study material. The results indicated that the perceived value of MDC partially predicted motivation to improve MDC. However, further analysis revealed mainly no significant effects of the perceived value of MDC and the motivation to improve MDC on the engagement in using the self-study material. However, the log data indicated that the engagement in using the self-study material was not as high as expected. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Keep me in the loop. Real-time feedback with multimodal data
Di Mitri, Daniele; Schneider, Jan; Drachsler, Hendrik
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education | 2022
43531 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Di Mitri, Daniele; Schneider, Jan; Drachsler, Hendrik
Titel:
Keep me in the loop. Real-time feedback with multimodal data
In:
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32 (2022) 4, S. 1093-1118
DOI:
10.1007/s40593-021-00281-z
URL:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40593-021-00281-z
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Datenanalyse; Datenverarbeitung; Effektivität; Empirische Untersuchung; Feedback; Fehler; Fertigkeit; Fragebogen; Lernprozess; Medizin; Psychomotorik; Simulation; System; Technologie; Teilnehmer; Tool; Training
Abstract (english):
This paper describes the CPR Tutor, a real-time multimodal feedback system for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. The CPR Tutor detects training mistakes using recurrent neural networks. The CPR Tutor automatically recognises and assesses the quality of the chest compressions according to five CPR performance indicators. It detects training mistakes in real-time by analysing a multimodal data stream consisting of kinematic and electromyographic data. Based on this assessment, the CPR Tutor provides audio feedback to correct the most critical mistakes and improve the CPR performance. The mistake detection models of the CPR Tutor were trained using a dataset from 10 experts. Hence, we tested the validity of the CPR Tutor and the impact of its feedback functionality in a user study involving additional 10 participants. The CPR Tutor pushes forward the current state of the art of real-time multimodal tutors by providing: (1) an architecture design, (2) a methodological approach for delivering real-time feedback using multimodal data and (3) a field study on real-time feedback for CPR training. This paper details the results of a field study by quantitatively measuring the impact of the CPR Tutor feedback on the performance indicators and qualitatively analysing the participants' questionnaire answers. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Informationszentrum Bildung
Practical significance of item misfit and its manifestations in constructs assessed in large‑scale […]
Fährmann, Katharina; Köhler, Carmen; Hartig, Johannes; Heine, Jörg‑Henrik
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Large-scale Assessments in Education | 2022
42893 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Fährmann, Katharina; Köhler, Carmen; Hartig, Johannes; Heine, Jörg‑Henrik
Titel:
Practical significance of item misfit and its manifestations in constructs assessed in large‑scale studies
In:
Large-scale Assessments in Education, 10 (2022) , S. 7
DOI:
10.1186/s40536‑022‑00124‑w
URL:
https://largescaleassessmentsineducation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40536-022-00124-w
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract (english):
When scaling psychological tests with methods of item response theory it is necessary to investigate to what extent the responses correspond to the model predictions. In addition to the statistical evaluation of item misfit, the question arises as to its practical significance. Although item removal is undesirable for several reasons, its practical consequences are rarely investigated and focus mostly on main survey data with pre-selected items. In this paper, we identify criteria to evaluate practical significance and discuss them with respect to various types of assessments and their particular purposes. We then demonstrate the practical consequences of item misfit using two data examples from the German PISA 2018 field trial study: one with cognitive data and one with non-cognitive/metacognitive data. For the former, we scale the data under the GPCM with and without the inclusion of misfitting items, and investigate how this influences the trait distribution and the allocation to reading competency levels. For non-cognitive/metacognitive data, we explore the effect of excluding misfitting items on estimated gender differences. Our results indicate minor practical consequences for person allocation and no changes in the estimated gender-difference effects. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Inklusionsentscheidungen deutscher und bildungsinländischer Studierender gegenüber internationalen […]
Flacke, Lea; Beißert, Hanna
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung | 2022
43516 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Flacke, Lea; Beißert, Hanna
Titel:
Inklusionsentscheidungen deutscher und bildungsinländischer Studierender gegenüber internationalen Studierenden in Deutschland. Die Rolle von Sprachkenntnissen und kultureller Ähnlichkeit
In:
Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 44 (2022) 2/3, S. 128-142
URL:
https://www.bzh.bayern.de/archiv/artikelarchiv/artikeldetail/inklusionsentscheidungen-deutscher-und-bildungsinlaendischer-studierender-gegenueber-internationalen-studierenden-in-deutschland-die-rolle-von-sprachkenntnissen-und-kultureller-aehnlichkeit
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache:
Deutsch
Schlagwörter:
Aktivität; Ausländischer Student; Auslandsstudium; Befragung; Datenanalyse; Deutscher; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Entscheidung; Fragebogen; Freizeit; Herkunft; Hochschule; Inklusion; Kultur; Leistung; Mannheim; Online; Peergroup; Soziale Integration; Sprachfertigkeit; Student; Studium; Varianzanalyse
Abstract:
In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Rolle von Sprachkenntnissen und kultureller Ähnlichkeit für Inklusionsentscheidungen von deutschen und bildungsinländischen Studierenden (N = 117, 77 % weiblich, MAlter = 21,69, SD = 2,35, Range 18-28 Jahre) gegenüber internationalen Studierenden untersucht. Dabei wurde auch die Rolle des Kontexts (Leistungssituation vs. Freizeitsituation) betrachtet. Mit Hilfe hypothetischer Szenarien konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei der Entscheidung zwischen einer Person, die kulturell ähnlich ist, aber nur über geringe Deutschkenntnisse verfügt, und einer Person, die zwar über gute Deutschkenntnisse verfügt, aber kulturell unähnlich ist, die Wahl eher auf die kulturell unähnliche Person mit guten Deutschkenntnissen fällt. Dies war insbesondre im Leistungskontext der Fall. Auch in den offenen Begründungen der Inklusionsentscheidungen zeichnet sich die Bedeutung von Sprachkenntnissen ab, ebenfalls besonders im Leistungskontext. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Considerations in feedback and periodization for the multimodal learning experience of running via […]
Cardenas-Hernandez, Fernando Pedro; Schneider, Jan
Sammelbandbeitrag
| Aus: Mat Sanusi, Khaleel Asyraaf; Limbu, Bilbeg; Schneider, Jan; Di Mitri, Daniele; Klemke, Roland (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimodal Immersive Learning Systems (MILeS 2022) at the Seventeenth European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2022), Toulouse, France, September 12th-16th, 2022 | Aachen: RWTH | 2022
43467 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Cardenas-Hernandez, Fernando Pedro; Schneider, Jan
Titel:
Considerations in feedback and periodization for the multimodal learning experience of running via wearable devices
Aus:
Mat Sanusi, Khaleel Asyraaf; Limbu, Bilbeg; Schneider, Jan; Di Mitri, Daniele; Klemke, Roland (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimodal Immersive Learning Systems (MILeS 2022) at the Seventeenth European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2022), Toulouse, France, September 12th-16th, 2022, Aachen: RWTH, 2022 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3247), S. 28-33
URL:
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3247/paper5.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Beiträge in Proceedings mit Peer-Review-System
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Feedback; Fertigkeit; Lernerfahrung; Psychomotorik; Technologie; Tool; Training; Virtuelle Realität
Abstract (english):
For the integral learning/training of a psychomotor activity such as running, it is necessary to target not only the physical aspects but also the technical and mental aspects that make it up, an alternative to solve this issue is through the understanding and consideration of feedback and periodization, which are elements that constitute and influence transcendentally and differently each of the three aspects involved. That is why, in this paper, some of the definitions and classifications commonly used in the study of psychomotor skills are first cited. Likewise, the use of wearable devices is proposed as a multimodal and main technology to analyze both elements since they have provided positive results in the same field of research. Subsequently, important considerations are discussed which could serve as a starting point or a conceptual reference for the correct application and analysis of feedback and periodization in each aspect of running and possibly other similar psychomotor skills. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Informationszentrum Bildung
We can teach more than we can tell. Combining deliberate practice, embodied cognition, and […]
Limbu, Bibeg; Van Gelden, Gitte; Schneider, Jan; Specht, Marcus
Sammelbandbeitrag
| Aus: Mat Sanusi, Khaleel Asyraaf; Limbu, Bilbeg; Schneider, Jan; Di Mitri, Daniele; Klemke, Roland (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimodal Immersive Learning Systems (MILeS 2022) at the Seventeenth European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2022), Toulouse, France, September 12th-16th, 2022 | Aachen: RWTH | 2022
43469 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Limbu, Bibeg; Van Gelden, Gitte; Schneider, Jan; Specht, Marcus
Titel:
We can teach more than we can tell. Combining deliberate practice, embodied cognition, and multimodal learning
Aus:
Mat Sanusi, Khaleel Asyraaf; Limbu, Bilbeg; Schneider, Jan; Di Mitri, Daniele; Klemke, Roland (Hrsg.): Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimodal Immersive Learning Systems (MILeS 2022) at the Seventeenth European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2022), Toulouse, France, September 12th-16th, 2022, Aachen: RWTH, 2022 , S. 15-21
URL:
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3247/paper3.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
4. Beiträge in Sammelbänden; Beiträge in Proceedings mit Peer-Review-System
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Badminton; Bewusstheit; Fertigkeit; Kognition; Können; Körpertechnik; Lernen; Multimodalität; Praxis; Training; Umwelt
Abstract (english):
Acquisition and internalisation of many fundamental skills rely on repeated authentic practice and teachers providing support during practice. Despite this well accepted norms in skills acquisition, much of our assumptions about learning skills, mostly from a cognitive perspective, remain nebulous. Besides splitting hairs to classify skills acquisition into a paradigm, much of findings of related research from educational science and psychology have struggled to transfer into the domain of skills acquisition. Instead, in this paper, we propose to shift our view of skills acquisition from a cognitive approach to an embodied one with the help of multimodal technologies and provide a use-case which combines deliberate practice framework, embodied cognition principles, and multimodal learning. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Informationszentrum Bildung
Examining the relevance of basic numerical skills for mathematical achievement in secondary school […]
Blume, Friederike; Dresler, Thomas; Gawrilow, Caterina; Ehlis, Ann-Christine; Goellner, Richard; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Acta Psychologica | 2021
41013 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Blume, Friederike; Dresler, Thomas; Gawrilow, Caterina; Ehlis, Ann-Christine; Goellner, Richard; Moeller, Korbinian
Titel:
Examining the relevance of basic numerical skills for mathematical achievement in secondary school using a within-task assessment approach
In:
Acta Psychologica, 215 (2021) , S. 103289
DOI:
10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103289
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691821000391
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Rechnen; Fertigkeit; Mathematische Kompetenz; Mathematikkunterricht; Schulnote; Sekundarstufe I; Schuljahr 05; Schuljahr 06; Schüler; Test; Regessionsanalyse; Baden-Württemberg; Deutschland
Abstract:
Previous research repeatedly found basic numerical abilities (e.g., magnitude understanding, arithmetic fact knowledge, etc.) to predict young students' current and later arithmetic achievement as assessed by achievement tests - even when controlling for the influence of domain-general abilities (e.g., intelligence, working memory). However, to the best of our knowledge, previous studies hardly addressed this issue in secondary school students. Additionally, they primarily assessed basic numerical abilities in a between-task approach (i.e., using different tasks for different abilities). Finally, their relevance for real-life academic outcomes such as mathematics grades has only rarely been investigated. The present study therefore pursued an approach using one and the same task (i.e., a within-task approach) to reduce confounding effects driven by between-task differences. In particular, we evaluated the relevance of i) number magnitude understanding, ii) arithmetic fact knowledge, and iii) conceptual and procedural knowledge for the mathematics grades of 81 students aged between ten and thirteen (i.e., in Grades 5 and 6) employing the number bisection task. Results indicated that number magnitude understanding, arithmetic fact knowledge, and conceptual and procedural knowledge contributed to explaining mathematics grades even when controlling for domain-general cognitive abilities. Methodological and practical implications of the results are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Development and evaluation of a framework for the performance-based testing of ICT skills
Engelhardt, Lena; Naumann, Johannes; Goldhammer, Frank; Frey, Andreas; Horz, Holger; Hartig, Katja; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Frontiers in Education | 2021
41203 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Engelhardt, Lena; Naumann, Johannes; Goldhammer, Frank; Frey, Andreas; Horz, Holger; Hartig, Katja; Wenzel, S. Franziska C.
Titel:
Development and evaluation of a framework for the performance-based testing of ICT skills
In:
Frontiers in Education, 6 (2021) , S. 668860
DOI:
10.3389/feduc.2021.668860
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.668860/full
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie; Praktische Fertigkeit; Wissen; Problemlösen; Textverständnis; Bildverstehen; Bewertung; Modell; Item; Entwicklung; Testvalidität; Itemanalyse; Rasch-Modell; Implementation; Evaluation; Test; Testverhalten; Schüler; Sekundarstufe I; Baden-Württemberg; Rheinland-Pfalz; Deutschland
Abstract (english):
This paper addresses the development of performance-based assessment items for ICT skills, skills in dealing with information and communication technologies, a construct which is rather broadly and only operationally defined. Item development followed a construct-driven approach to ensure that test scores could be interpreted as intended. Specifically, ICT-specific knowledge as well as problem-solving and the comprehension of text and graphics were defined as components of ICT skills and cognitive ICT tasks (i.e., accessing, managing, integrating, evaluating, creating). In order to capture the construct in a valid way, design principles for constructing the simulation environment and response format were formulated. To empirically evaluate the very heterogeneous items and detect malfunctioning items, item difficulties were analyzed and behavior-related indicators with item-specific thresholds were developed and applied. The 69 item's difficulty scores from the Rasch model fell within a comparable range for each cognitive task. Process indicators addressing time use and test-taker interactions were used to analyze whether most test-takers executed the intended processes, exhibited disengagement, or got lost among the items. Most items were capable of eliciting the intended behavior; for the few exceptions, conclusions for item revisions were drawn. The results affirm the utility of the proposed framework for developing and implementing performance-based items to assess ICT skills. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Controlling speed in component skills of reading improves the explanation of reading comprehension
Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Journal of Educational Psychology | 2021
41462 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul
Titel:
Controlling speed in component skills of reading improves the explanation of reading comprehension
In:
Journal of Educational Psychology, 113 (2021) 5, S. 861-878
DOI:
10.1037/edu0000655
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237977
URL:
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237977
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Lesekompetenz; Fertigkeit; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistung; Antwort; Zeit; Wort; Semantik; Text; Leseverstehen; PISA <Programme for International Student Assessment>; Schüler; Messverfahren; Test; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Empirische Untersuchung; Deutschland
Abstract:
Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the latent variables of ability and speed. Interpreting only ability or speed as efficiency may be misleading because there is a within-person dependency between both variables (speed-ability tradeoff [SAT]). Therefore, the present study measures efficiency as ability conditional on speed by controlling speed experimentally with item-level time limits. The proposed timed ability measures of reading component skills are expected to have a clearer interpretation in terms of efficiency and to be better predictors for reading comprehension. To support this claim, this study investigates two component skills, visual word recognition and sentence-level semantic integration (sentence reading), to understand how differences in ability in a timed condition are related to differences in ability and speed in a traditional untimed condition. Moreover, untimed and timed reading component skill measures were used to explain reading comprehension. A German subsample from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 completed the reading component skills tasks with and without item-level time limits and PISA reading tasks. The results showed that timed ability is only moderately related to untimed ability. Furthermore, timed ability measures proved to be stronger predictors of sentence-level and text-level reading comprehension than the corresponding untimed ability and speed measures, although using untimed ability and speed jointly as predictors increased the amount of explained variance.
Abstract (english):
Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the latent variables of ability and speed. Interpreting only ability or speed as efficiency may be misleading because there is a within-person dependency between both variables (speed-ability tradeoff [SAT]). Therefore, the present study measures efficiency as ability conditional on speed by controlling speed experimentally with item-level time limits. The proposed timed ability measures of reading component skills are expected to have a clearer interpretation in terms of efficiency and to be better predictors for reading comprehension. To support this claim, this study investigates two component skills, visual word recognition and sentence-level semantic integration (sentence reading), to understand how differences in ability in a timed condition are related to differences in ability and speed in a traditional untimed condition. Moreover, untimed and timed reading component skill measures were used to explain reading comprehension. A German subsample from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 completed the reading component skills tasks with and without item-level time limits and PISA reading tasks. The results showed that timed ability is only moderately related to untimed ability. Furthermore, timed ability measures proved to be stronger predictors of sentence-level and text-level reading comprehension than the corresponding untimed ability and speed measures, although using untimed ability and speed jointly as predictors increased the amount of explained variance.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
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