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The first partnership experience and personality development. A propensity score matching study in […]
Wagner, Jenny; Becker, Michael; Lüdtke, Oliver; Trautwein, Ulrich
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Social Psychological and Personality Science | 2015
35313 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Wagner, Jenny; Becker, Michael; Lüdtke, Oliver; Trautwein, Ulrich
Titel:
The first partnership experience and personality development. A propensity score matching study in young adulthood
In:
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6 (2015) 4, S. 455-463
DOI:
10.1177/1948550614566092
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-125469
URL:
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-125469
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Befragung; Bewusstsein; Depression; Einflussfaktor; Junger Erwachsener; Lebenserfahrung; Partnerschaft; Persönlichkeit; Persönlichkeitsentwicklung; Persönlichkeitsforschung; Regressionsanalyse; Selbstwertgefühl; Soziale Beziehung; Vergleich; Wirkung; Zufriedenheit
Abstract:
Personality development in young adulthood has been associated with the experience of a number of new social roles. However, the causal interpretation of these findings is complicated by the fact that it is not possible to randomize young adults by their life experiences. To address this problem in the context of the first partnership experience, we applied propensity score matching to a sample of initially inexperienced singles and followed them across 4 years. Using matched samples, results indicated that the first partnership experience relatively robust increased life satisfaction. The first partnership experience between the ages of 23 and 25 (but not in other ages) was also related to higher self-esteem, extraversion, and conscientiousness and to lower neuroticism. The discussion highlights the effect of the first partnership on the development of a mature personality and the potential for propensity score matching to make useful contributions to social and personality research. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
Motivationsprozesse im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Wie kann die Motivation für Schule und […]
Martens, Thomas
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: SchulVerwaltung. Ausgabe Bayern | 2015
35603 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Martens, Thomas
Titel:
Motivationsprozesse im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Wie kann die Motivation für Schule und Ausbildung gesteigert werden?
In:
SchulVerwaltung. Ausgabe Bayern, 38 (2015) 3, S. 71-73
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-109762
URL:
http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-109762
Dokumenttyp:
3b. Beiträge in weiteren Zeitschriften; praxisorientiert
Sprache:
Deutsch
Schlagwörter:
Ausbildung; Jugendlicher; Junger Erwachsener; Motivation; Motivationsförderung; Motivationspsychologie; Motivationstheorie; Schule
Abstract:
In diesem Beitrag werden die Bedingungen für eine gelingende Motivation für Bildung und Ausbildung analysiert: Warum fällt es vielen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen leicht, sich für Schule und Ausbildung zu motivieren, während es anderen sehr schwerfällt? Aus den identifizierten Motivationsprozessen werden dann Hinweise abgeleitet, welche Hilfestellung die Bildungsinstitutionen geben können. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english):
This article examines conditions for a successful motivation for education and training: Why can many teenagers and young adults easily motivate themselves for schools and education, while other show serious motivational difficulties? On the base of identified motivational processes measures are suggested that educational institutions can provide. (Author)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
Sexual orientation, psychological well-being, and mental health. A longitudinal analysis from […]
Becker, Michael; Cortina, Kai S.; Tsai, Yi-Miau; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity | 2014
34604 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Becker, Michael; Cortina, Kai S.; Tsai, Yi-Miau; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.
Titel:
Sexual orientation, psychological well-being, and mental health. A longitudinal analysis from adolescence to young adulthood
In:
Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1 (2014) 2, S. 132-145
DOI:
10.1037/sgd0000038
URL:
http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/sgd0000038
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Alkoholkonsum; Befragung; Depression; Entfremdung; Homosexualität; Jugendlicher; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Psychische Entwicklung; Psychosoziale Situation; Selbstmord; Selbstwertgefühl; Sexualverhalten; Stress; Vergleich; Wohlbefinden
Abstract:
Bisherige, im Wesentlichen querschnittlich angelegte Forschung hat gezeigt, dass nicht-heterosexuelle Personen im Vergleich zu heterosexuellen Personen über ein niedrigeres psychisches Wohlbefinden und ausgeprägtere psychische Gesundheitsbelastungen berichten. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die Entwicklungsverläufe psychischen Wohlbefindens und psychischer Gesundheit von nicht-heterosexuellen und heterosexuellen Personen von der Jugend bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter. Als theoretische Ansätze wurden die Minority Stress Theorie (Meyer, 2003) sowie Theorien der Lebensspanne und Identitätsentwicklung (Erikson, 1968) herangezogen. Die Michigan Study of Adolescent and Adult Life Transitions (MSALT) diente als Datengrundlage, um die Entwicklung von nicht-heterosexuellen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Alter von 16 bis 28 Jahren mit ihren heterosexuellen Altersgenossen zu vergleichen. Nicht-heterosexuelle Heranwachsende berichteten insgesamt über stärkeren depressiven Affekt, häufigere Suizidgedanken, stärkere soziale Entfremdung und ausgeprägteren Alkoholkonsum. Depressiver Affekt und soziale Entfremdung entwickelten sich in den beiden Gruppen während der Schulzeit auseinander, die Unterschiede nahmen aber im jungen Erwachsenenalter, nach Beendigung der Schulzeit, wieder ab. Eine konvergierende Entwicklung konnte ebenso für Suizidgedanken belegt werden. Hinsichtlich des Alkoholkonsums zeigte sich eine divergierende Entwicklung erst während des jungen Erwachsenenalters. Im Selbstwert zeigten sich insgesamt keine konsistenten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen. Interaktionen zwischen sexueller Orientierung und gender konnten statistisch nicht abgesichert werden. Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass von komplexeren Entwicklungsmustern auszugehen ist, als bisherige Studien dies nahelegten, und für Unterschiede im psychischen Befinden von nicht-heterosexuellen Personen im Vergleich zu heterosexuellen Personen eine substanzielle Entwicklungsdynamik besteht. Die Ergebnisse betonen sowohl das Potenzial als auch die Notwendigkeit, Entwicklungsrisiken und ungünstigen Entwicklungsverläufen vorzubeugen und zu begegnen.
Abstract (english):
In the past, mainly cross-sectional research has shown that nonheterosexuals report lower levels of psychological well-being and functioning than heterosexuals. Drawing on minority stress theory (Meyer, 2003), life span theory, and identity formation theory (Erikson, 1968), the present study analyzed developmental trajectories in psychological functioning from adolescence to young adulthood in nonheterosexual and heterosexual populations. Based on data from the Michigan Study of Adolescent and Adult Life Transitions (MSALT), nonheterosexual adolescents and young adults were compared with their heterosexual peers regarding their psychological development from the ages of 16 to 28. Overall levels of depressive affect, suicidal ideation, alcohol consumption, and social alienation were elevated for nonheterosexual young adolescents. For depressive affect and social alienation as well as suicidal ideation, the 2 groups grew apart during their high-school years but converged after leaving high school. For alcohol consumption, a divergent trend emerged after high school. No differences were found for self-esteem. None of the interactions between sexual orientation and gender reached statistical significance. The results point toward a higher degree of complexity in developmental patterns compared with results of previous studies. The study underscores the nonstatic nature of mental health disparities and highlights the potential and the need to prevent psychological maladjustment for nonheterosexual populations.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
Daily fluctuations in positive affect positively co-vary with working memory performance
Brose, Annette; Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Emotion | 2014
34401 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Brose, Annette; Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Daily fluctuations in positive affect positively co-vary with working memory performance
In:
Emotion, 14 (2014) 1, S. 1-6
DOI:
10.1037/a0035210
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-165901
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2019/16590/pdf/2014_Schmiedek_Daily_fluctuations_in_positive_affect_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Affekt; Alltag; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Einflussfaktor; Emotionaler Zustand; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Kompetenz; Leistungsfähigkeit; Motivation; Test; Testaufgabe; Wohlbefinden
Abstract:
Positive affect is related to cognitive performance in multiple ways. It is associated with motivational aspects of performance, affective states capture attention, and information processing modes are a function of affect. In this study, we examined whether these links are relevant within individuals across time when they experience minor ups and downs of positive affect and work on cognitive tasks in the laboratory on a day-to-day basis. Using a microlongitudinal design, 101 younger adults (20-31 years of age) worked on 3 working memory tasks on about 100 occasions. Every day, they also reported on their momentary affect and their motivation to work on the tasks. In 2 of the 3 tasks, performance was enhanced on days when positive affect was above average. This performance enhancement was also associated with more motivation. Importantly, increases in task performance on days with above-average positive affect were mainly unrelated to variations in negative affect. This study's results are in line with between-person findings suggesting that high levels of well-being are associated with successful outcomes. They imply that success on cognitively demanding tasks is more likely on days when feeling happier.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Generalization of the worst performance rule across the lifespan
Fernandez, Sebastien; Fagot, Delphine; Dirk, Judith; Ribaupierre, Anik de
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Intelligence | 2014
34271 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Fernandez, Sebastien; Fagot, Delphine; Dirk, Judith; Ribaupierre, Anik de
Titel:
Generalization of the worst performance rule across the lifespan
In:
Intelligence, 42 (2014) , S. 31-43
DOI:
10.1016/j.intell.2013.10.001
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-180695
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/18069/pdf/Dirk_2014_generalizationoftheworstperformanceruleacrossthelifespan_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Empirische Untersuchung; Intelligenz; Intelligenzmessung; Junger Erwachsener; Kind; Kognitive Prozesse; Lebensalter; Leistungsfähigkeit; Leistungsschwäche; Reaktion; Regressionsanalyse; Senior; Test; Zeit
Abstract:
The worst performance rule (WPR) predicts that the slowest trials in reaction time (RT) tasks are more strongly related to intelligence than the fastest trials. To date, the WPR was observed mainly in young adults. The present study examined if the WPR holds not only in young adults but also in children and older adults in three kinds of RT tasks (simple RT, choice RT, and inhibition). Results showed that in each age group slowest and fastest trials were related to intelligence but the former correlated with intelligence to a greater extent than the latter. These results support the assumption that the WPR can be generalized across the lifespan.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Younger adults show long-term effects of cognitive training on broad cognitive abilities over 2 […]
Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Developmental Psychology | 2014
34825 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel:
Younger adults show long-term effects of cognitive training on broad cognitive abilities over 2 years
In:
Developmental Psychology, 50 (2014) 9, S. 2304-2310
DOI:
10.1037/a0037388
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-180700
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/18070/pdf/Schmiedek_etal_2014_Younger_adults_show_long-term_effects_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Gedächtnis; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Kompetenz; Längsschnituntersuchung; Training; Transfer; Wirkung; Wirkungsforschung
Abstract:
In the COGITO study (Schmiedek, Lövdén, & Lindenberger, 2010), 101 younger adults practiced 12 tests of perceptual speed, working memory, and episodic memory for over 100 daily 1-hr sessions. The intervention resulted in positive transfer to broad cognitive abilities, including reasoning and episodic memory. Here, we examine whether these ability-based transfer effects are maintained over time. Two years after the end of the training, 80 participants returned for follow-up assessments of the comprehensive battery of transfer tasks. We found reliable positive long-term transfer effects for reasoning and episodic memory, controlling for retest effects by including participants from the original control group. This shows, for the first time, that intensive cognitive training interventions can have long-term broad transfer at the level of cognitive abilities. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Affective states contribute to trait reports of affective well-being
Brose, Annette; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Emotion | 2013
34073 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Brose, Annette; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Affective states contribute to trait reports of affective well-being
In:
Emotion, 13 (2013) 5, S. 940-948
DOI:
10.1037/a0032401
URL:
http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/a0032401
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Affekt; Emotion; Junger Erwachsener; Messung; Selbsteinschätzung; Senior; Stimmung; Test; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract:
Asking people to provide global judgments, or trait reports, of their affective experience is a standard method for assessing trait affective well-being, with countless applications in the social sciences. Trait reports reflect numerous influences that generally go unnoticed. Although state affect is a highly plausible candidate for such influences, this source of unwanted variance does not receive much attention and is usually not controlled for in empirical studies. Using 100-day data from the COGITO study, we provide direct and strong evidence that trait reports of affect depend on how people feel at the time they provide the evaluations (i.e., their affective state). For example, participants experiencing more positive affect on a specific day relative to their individual mean also provide more positive ratings of their global affective experience. Furthermore, we found that current affect influences trait ratings in a surprisingly differentiated way - those particular facets of affect that are more/less prevalent at a certain moment are believed to occur more/less often in general. We stress the need for repeated observations within individuals to estimate state contributions to standard assessments of trait affect, to distinguish between state and trait in psychological assessment, and to achieve good indicators of affective experiences in the social and medical sciences.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Life contexts make a difference. Emotional stability in younger and older adults
Brose, Annette; Scheibe, Susanne; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychology and Aging | 2013
33753 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Brose, Annette; Scheibe, Susanne; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Life contexts make a difference. Emotional stability in younger and older adults
In:
Psychology and Aging, 28 (2013) 1, S. 148-159
DOI:
10.1037/a0030047
URL:
http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/a0030047
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Affektive Entwicklung; Altern; Einflussfaktor; Emotionale Entwicklung; Emotionaler Zustand; Empirische Untersuchung; Junger Erwachsener; Reaktion; Regressionsanalyse; Senior; Stress; Umwelteinfluss; Vergleich; Wohlbefinden
Abstract (english):
Emotional stability, as indicated by low affect variability and low affective reactivity to daily events, for example, tends to increase across the adult life span. This study investigated a contextual explanation for such age differences, relating affect variability and affective reactivity to age-group-specific life contexts. A sample of 101 younger and 103 older adults reported daily stressors and negative affect across 100 days. Compared with younger adults, older adults (a) experienced fewer stressors overall, (b) had less heterogeneous stressor profiles, and (c) reported that stressors had less impact on daily routines. As expected, these contextual factors were relevant for interindividual differences in emotional stability. Multiple regression analyses revealed that reduced affect variability and affective reactivity in older adults were associated with these age-group specific life contexts. Moreover, matching younger and older adults on the contextual factors to explore the effects of context on age-group differences further provided support for the (partially) contextual explanation of age differences in emotional stability. Matched subgroups of younger and older adults that were comparable on contextual variables were identified. Affective variability, but not affective reactivity, was more similar in the matched subsamples than in the total samples of younger and older adults. We conclude that contexts in which affective experiences emerge require more attention when aiming to explain interindividual and age group differences in emotional stability. Moreover, future studies need to disentangle the extent to which contexts interact with active self-regulatory processes to shape affective experiences across adulthood.
Peak individual alpha frequency qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker in healthy […]
Grandy, Thomas H.; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Chicherio, Christian; Schmiedek, Florian; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychophysiology | 2013
33488 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Grandy, Thomas H.; Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Chicherio, Christian; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel:
Peak individual alpha frequency qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker in healthy younger and older adults
In:
Psychophysiology, 50 (2013) 6, S. 570-582
DOI:
10.1111/psyp.12043
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Intervention; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Neurophysiologie; Reliabilität; Senior; Training
Abstract (english):
The individual alpha frequency (IAF) of the human EEG reflects systemic properties of the brain, is highly heritable, and relates to cognitive functioning. Not much is known about the modifiability of IAF by cognitive interventions.We report analyses of resting EEG from a large-scale training study in which healthy younger (20-31 years, N = 30) and older(65-80 years, N = 28) adults practiced 12 cognitive tasks for ~100 1-h sessions. EEG was recorded before and after the cognitive training intervention. In both age groups, IAF (and, in a control analysis, alpha amplitude) did not change, despite large gains in cognitive performance. As within-session reliability and test-retest stability were high for both age groups, imprecise measurements cannot account for the findings. In sum, IAF is highly stable in healthy adults up to 80 years, not easily modifiable by cognitive interventions alone, and thus qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Lifespan trends of autobiographical remembering. Episodicity and search for meaning
Habermas, Tilmann; Diel, Verena; Welzer, Harald
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Consciousness and Cognition | 2013
33735 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Habermas, Tilmann; Diel, Verena; Welzer, Harald
Titel:
Lifespan trends of autobiographical remembering. Episodicity and search for meaning
In:
Consciousness and Cognition, 22 (2013) 3, S. 1061-1073
DOI:
10.1016/j.concog.2013.07.010
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810013001037
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Autobiografie; Deutschland; Erinnerung; Erwachsener; Erzählen; Interview; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Schüler; Semantik; Senior
Abstract:
Autobiographical memories of older adults show fewer episodic and more non-episodic elements than those of younger adults. This semantization effect is attributed to a loss of episodic memory ability. However the alternative explanation by an increasing proclivity to search for meaning has not been ruled out to date. To test whether a decrease in episodicity and an increase in meaning-making in autobiographical narratives are related across the lifespan, we used different instructions, one focussing on specific episodes, the other on embedding events in life, in two lifespan samples. A continuous decrease of episodic quality of memory (memory specificity, narrative quality) was confirmed. An increase of search for meaning (interpretation, life story integration) was confirmed only up to middle adulthood. This non-inverse development of episodicity and searching for meaning in older age speaks for an autonomous semantization effect that is not merely due to an increase in interpretative preferences.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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