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Negative priming persists in the absence of response-retrieval
Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Visser, Ingmar; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Experimental Psychology | 2013
34147 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Visser, Ingmar; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel:
Negative priming persists in the absence of response-retrieval
In:
Experimental Psychology, 60 (2013) 1, S. 12-21
DOI:
10.1027/1618-3169/a000169
URL:
https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/1618-3169/a000169
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Assoziation; Emotion; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Gedächtnis; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Reaktion; Test; Verhalten; Wirkung
Abstract:
The hypothesis that retrieval of the prime response is responsible for the negative priming (NP) effect has gained popularity in recent studies of visual identity NP. In the current study we report an experiment in which we aimed to remove the response from the prime memory trace by means of spatio-temporal separation. Compared to an identical experiment without this separation (Ihrke et al., 2011), we find that the response-retrieval-specific interaction is absent indicating that the separation was successful in preventing response-retrieval. Still, both negative and positive priming are present as main effects which show that processes other than response-retrieval can produce NP. In addition, based on recordings of the eye-movements during task processing, we localize the NP effect in a target-selection process while positive priming manifests in facilitated response-selection. Our results are in line with a multiple-route view of NP.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Neuronal response specificity as a marker of reading proficiency. Two-fold nature of the N170 […]
Korinth, Sebastian; Sommer, Werner; Breznitz, Zvia
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: NeuroReport | 2013
33425 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Korinth, Sebastian; Sommer, Werner; Breznitz, Zvia
Titel:
Neuronal response specificity as a marker of reading proficiency. Two-fold nature of the N170 revealed after massive repetition
In:
NeuroReport, 24 (2013) 2, S. 96-100
DOI:
10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835d20b1
URL:
https://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Fulltext/2013/01230/Neuronal_response_specificity_as_a_marker_of.9.aspx
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Experimentelle Untersuchung; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Lesegeschwindigkeit; Lesekompetenz; Lesen; Lesetest; Messung; Neurowissenschaften; Verhalten; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract:
Reading demands precise and efficient letter and word processing. This event-related potentials (ERP) study utilized massive repetition of visually presented single letters to trigger neuronal adaptation. Our aim was to explore whether the adaptation pattern of the N170 ERP component, serving as an indicator of neuronal response specificity, would differ for two reader groups. Forty German students, divided at the median into slow and fast readers, accomplished a visual oddball paradigm. ERPs of standard stimuli were computed separately for the first, second, and third part of the experiment. ERP waveforms and independent component analyses showed two subcomponents within the N170 time window. For both reader groups, the ERP amplitudes decreased over the time course of the experiment; however, only faster readers showed a subcomponent-specific adaptation response, restricted to the earlier N170 part. Results may reflect different degrees of neuronal response specificity in slow and fast readers, which might serve as a promising indicator for interindividual differences in visual recognition tasks such as reading.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Spatial representations of numbers and letters in children
Lonnemann, Jan; Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Nagler, Telse; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Lindberg, Sven
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Frontiers in Psychology | 2013
33730 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Lonnemann, Jan; Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Nagler, Telse; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Lindberg, Sven
Titel:
Spatial representations of numbers and letters in children
In:
Frontiers in Psychology, 4 (2013) , S. 544
DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00544
URL:
http://www.frontiersin.org/Cognition/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00544/full
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Experimentelle Untersuchung; Grundschüler; Informationsverarbeitung; Kind; Kognition; Raumvorstellung; Zahl
Abstract (english):
Different lines of evidence suggest that children's mental representations of numbers are spatially organized in form of a mental number line. It is, however, still unclear whether a spatial organization is specific for the numerical domain or also applies to other ordinal sequences in children. In the present study, children (n = 129) aged 8-9 years were asked to indicate the midpoint of lines flanked by task-irrelevant digits or letters. We found that the localization of the midpoint was systematically biased toward the larger digit. A similar, but less pronounced, effect was detected for letters with spatial biases toward the letter succeeding in the alphabet. Instead of assuming domain-specific forms of spatial representations, we suggest that ordinal information expressing relations between different items of a sequence might be spatially coded in children, whereby numbers seem to convey this kind of information in the most salient way.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Insights from classifying visual concepts with Multiple Kernel Learning
Binder, Alexander; Nakajima, Shinichi; Kloft, Marius; Müller, Christina; Samek, Wojciech; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: PLoS ONE | 2012
33575 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Binder, Alexander; Nakajima, Shinichi; Kloft, Marius; Müller, Christina; Samek, Wojciech; Brefeld, Ulf; Müller, Klaus-Robert; Kawanabe, Motoaki
Titel:
Insights from classifying visual concepts with Multiple Kernel Learning
In:
PLoS ONE, 7 (2012) 8, S. e38897
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0038897
URL:
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0038897
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Algorithmus; Bild; Computer; Daten; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Klassifikation; Lernen; Mustererkennung; Objekt
Abstract:
Combining information from various image features has become a standard technique in concept recognition tasks. However, the optimal way of fusing the resulting kernel functions is usually unknown in practical applications. Multiple kernel learning (MKL) techniques allow to determine an optimal linear combination of such similarity matrices. Classical approaches to MKL promote sparse mixtures. Unfortunately, 1-norm regularized MKL variants are often observed to be outperformed by an unweighted sum kernel. The main contributions of this paper are the following: we apply a recently developed non-sparse MKL variant to state-of-the-art concept recognition tasks from the application domain of computer vision. We provide insights on benefits and limits of non-sparse MKL and compare it against its direct competitors, the sum-kernel SVM and sparse MKL. We report empirical results for the PASCAL VOC 2009 Classification and ImageCLEF2010 Photo Annotation challenge data sets. Data sets (kernel matrices) as well as further information are available at http://doc.ml.tu-berlin.de/image_mkl/(Accessed 2012 Jun 25).
DIPF-Abteilung:
Informationszentrum Bildung
Explaining school mathematics performance from symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude processing: […]
Oliveira Ferreira, Fernanda de; Wood, Guilherme; Pinheiro-Chagas, Pedro; Lonnemann, Jan; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychology & Neuroscience | 2012
32798 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Oliveira Ferreira, Fernanda de; Wood, Guilherme; Pinheiro-Chagas, Pedro; Lonnemann, Jan; Krinzinger, Helga; Willmes, Klaus; Haase, Vitor Geraldi
Titel:
Explaining school mathematics performance from symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude processing: similarities and differences between typical and low-achieving children
In:
Psychology & Neuroscience, 5 (2012) 1, S. 37-46
DOI:
10.3922/j.psns.2012.1.06
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2012.1.06
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Brasilien; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Grundschulalter; Kind; Kognitive Prozesse; Lernschwierigkeit; Mathematikunterricht; Rechenschwäche; Rechentest; Schülerleistung; Symbol; Unterdurchschnittliche Leistung; Zahlensystem
Abstract (english):
Magnitude processing is one of the most central cognitive mechanisms that underlie persistent mathematics difficulties. No consensus has yet been reached about whether these difficulties can be predominantly attributed to deficits in symbolic or nonsymbolic magnitude processing. To investigate this issue, we assessed symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude representations in children with low or typical achievement in school mathematics. Response latencies and the distance effect were comparable between groups in both symbolic and nonsymbolic tasks. The results indicated that both typical and low achievers were able to access magnitude representation via symbolic and nonsymbolic processing. However, low achievers presented higher error rates than typical achievers, especially in the nonsymbolic task. Furthermore, measures of nonsymbolic magnitude explained individual differences in school mathematics better than measures of symbolic magnitude when considering all of the children together. When examining the groups separately, symbolic magnitude representation explained differences in school mathematics in low achievers but not in typical achievers. These results suggest that symbolic magnitude is more relevant to solving arithmetic problems when mathematics achievement is particularly low. In contrast, individual differences in nonsymbolic processing appear to be related to mathematics achievement in a more general manner.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Identity negative priming. A phenomenon of perception, recognition or selection?
Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Herrmann, J. Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: PLoSOne | 2012
32525 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Ihrke, Matthias; Behrendt, Jörg; Herrmann, J. Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel:
Identity negative priming. A phenomenon of perception, recognition or selection?
In:
PLoSOne, 7 (2012) 3, S. 1-11
URL:
http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032946
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufmerksamkeit; Auswahl; Erkennen; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Farbe; Kognitive Prozesse; Neurowissenschaften; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Wirkung
Abstract (english):
The present study addresses the problem whether negative priming (NP) is due to information processing in perception, recognition or selection. We argue that most NP studies confound priming and perceptual similarity of prime-probe episodes and implement a color-switch paradigm in order to resolve the issue. In a series of three identity negative priming experiments with verbal naming response, we determined when NP and positive priming (PP) occur during a trial. The first experiment assessed the impact of target color on priming effects. It consisted of two blocks, each with a different fixed target color. With respect to target color no differential priming effects were found. In Experiment 2 the target color was indicated by a cue for each trial. Here we resolved the confounding of perceptual similarity and priming condition. In trials with coinciding colors for prime and probe, we found priming effects similar to Experiment 1. However, trials with a target color switch showed such effects only in trials with role-reversal (distractor-to-target or target-to-distractor), whereas the positive priming (PP) effect in the target-repetition trials disappeared. Finally, Experiment 3 split trial processing into two phases by presenting the trial-wise color cue only after the stimulus objects had been recognized. We found recognition in every priming condition to be faster than in control trials. We were hence led to the conclusion that PP is strongly affected by perception, in contrast to NP which emerges during selection, i.e., the two effects cannot be explained by a single mechanism.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Addressing working memory in children with autism through behavioral intervention
Baltruschat, Lisa; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Tarbox, Jonathan; Dixon, Dennis R.; Najdowski, Adel C.; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders | 2011
31638 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Baltruschat, Lisa; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Tarbox, Jonathan; Dixon, Dennis R.; Najdowski, Adel C.; Mullins, Ryan D.; Gould, Evelyn R.
Titel:
Addressing working memory in children with autism through behavioral intervention
In:
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5 (2011) 1, S. 267-276
DOI:
10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.008
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.008
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Autismus; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Intervention; Kind; Leistungsmessung; Leistungssteigerung; Test; Verhalten
Abstract (english):
Children with autism often struggle with executive function (EF) deficits, particularly with regard to working memory (WM). Despite the documented deficits in these areas, very little controlled research has evaluated treatments for remediation of EF or WM deficits in children with autism. This study examined the use of positive reinforcement for improving performance on Counting Span tasks which are said to measure the central-executive component of working memory. Large improvements in performance were obtained for all participants, as was maintenance and generalization to untrained stimuli and untrained responses. Results suggest that basic behavioral intervention procedures may be successful in improving performance on complex behaviors such as those labeled as working memory.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
EEG alpha synchronization is related to top-down processing in convergent and divergent thinking
Benedek, Mathias; Bergner, Sabine; Könen, Tanja; Fink, Andreas; Neubauer, Aljoscha C.
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Neuropsychologia | 2011
31955 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Benedek, Mathias; Bergner, Sabine; Könen, Tanja; Fink, Andreas; Neubauer, Aljoscha C.
Titel:
EEG alpha synchronization is related to top-down processing in convergent and divergent thinking
In:
Neuropsychologia, 49 (2011) 12, S. 3505-3511
DOI:
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.004
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.004
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Denken; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Gehirn; Kognitive Prozesse; Kreativität; Neuropsychologie; Testaufgabe
Abstract (english):
Synchronization of EEG alpha activity has been referred to as being indicative of cortical idling, but according to more recent evidence it has also been associated with active internal processing and creative thinking. The main objective of this study was to investigate to what extent EEG alpha synchronization is related to internal processing demands and to specific cognitive process involved in creative thinking. To this end, EEG was measured during a convergent and a divergent thinking task (i.e., creativity-related task) which once were processed involving low and once involving high internal processing demands. High internal processing demands were established by masking the stimulus (after encoding) and thus preventing further bottom-up processing. Frontal alpha synchronization was observed during convergent and divergent thinking only under exclusive top-down control (high internal processing demands), but not when bottom-up processing was allowed (low internal processing demands). We conclude that frontal alpha synchronization is related to top-down control rather than to specific creativity-related cognitive processes. Frontal alpha synchronization, which has been observed in a variety of different creativity tasks, thus may not reflect a brain state that is specific for creative cognition but can probably be attributed to high internal processing demands which are typically involved in creative thinking.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Query reformulation behavior in an interactive query expansion environment
Carstens, Carola; Mildner, Dorothea
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Datenbank-Spektrum | 2011
31903 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Carstens, Carola; Mildner, Dorothea
Titel:
Query reformulation behavior in an interactive query expansion environment
In:
Datenbank-Spektrum, 11 (2011) 3, S. 161-172
DOI:
10.1007/s13222-011-0069-z
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13222-011-0069-z
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Experimentelle Untersuchung; Information Retrieval; Information-Retrieval-System; Informationsverhalten; Informationswissenschaft; Nutzerverhalten; Recherche; Strategie
Abstract (english):
The article presents results of a study on search behavior in an interactive query expansion environment. In controlled experiments, users search behavior in retrieval system versions with varying levels of query expansion support is compared. On the one hand, the analysis of query logfiles reveals that interactive expansion term suggestions encourage users to utilize a wider variety of term tactics for reformulating their queries than users of a baseline group who are not offered any query expansion support. On the other hand, the experimental results indicate that the interactive expansion functionalities foster the application of facet expansion tactics in favor of the replacement tactic which prevails in system versions that do not offer interactive query expansion support. In summary, the study gives evidence that the implementation of interactive expansion term suggestions adds both to the complexity of the users queries and to the variety of their query vocabulary.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Informationszentrum Bildung
Dissociable age effects in focus-switching. Out of sight, out of mind
Dorbath, Lara; Titz, Cora
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry | 2011
31877 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Dorbath, Lara; Titz, Cora
Titel:
Dissociable age effects in focus-switching. Out of sight, out of mind
In:
The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 24 (2011) 2, S. 103-109
DOI:
10.1024/1662-9647/a000034
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000034
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Altersgruppe; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufgabe; Aufmerksamkeit; Deutschland; Erwachsener; Experimentelle Untersuchung
Abstract (english):
Focus-switching has recently been identified as an executive control process with differential age sensitivity. To date, the assumption of dissociable age effects is based on only two kinds of tasks constricting its conclusiveness. In a study with 85 younger (19 35 years) and 91 older adults (59 80 years), age effects were again dissociable in two alternative tasks with respect to the availability and the accessibility of representations. The results validate earlier findings that focus-switching is primarily affected in maintaining representations rather than in accessing them.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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