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Autor*innen: Behrendt, Jörg; Gibbons, Henning; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Ihrke, Matthias; Herrmann, J. Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Event-related brain potential correlates of identity negative priming from overlapping pictures
In: Psychophysiology, 47 (2010) 5, S. 921-930
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00989.x
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00989.x
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Gedächtnis; Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Identifikation (Psychologie); Kognitive Prozesse; Neuropsychologie; Reaktion; Test; Wahrnehmung
Abstract (english): Event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained from an identity priming task, where a green target had to be selected¤against a superimposed red distractor. Several priming conditions were realized in a mix of control ( CO), negative¤priming (NP), and positive priming (PP) trials. PP and NP effects in reaction times (RTs) were significant. ERP results¤conceptually replicate earlier findings of left-posterior P300 reduction in PP and NP trials compared to CO. This ERP¤effect may reflect the detection of prime-probe similarity corresponding to the concept of a retrieval cue. A novel¤finding concerned amplitude increase of the frontal late positive complex (LPC) in the order NP, CO, and PP. NP¤therefore seemed to induce brain activity related to cognitive control and/or memory processes, with reduced LPC¤amplitude indicating effortful processing. Overall, retrieval-based explanations of identity NP are supported. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Lövdén, Martin; Bodammer, Nils Christian; Kühn, Simone; Kaufmann, Jörn; Schütze, Hartmut; Tempelmann, Claus; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Düzel, Emrah; Schmiedek, Florian; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Experience-dependent plasticity of white-matter microstructure extends into old age
In: Neuropsychologia, 48 (2010) 13, S. 3878-3883
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.026
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.026
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Erfahrung; Erwachsener; Gedächtnis; Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Test; Wahrnehmung; Zeit
Abstract (english): Experience-dependent alterations in the human brains white-matter microstructure occur in early adult-hood, but it is unknown whether such plasticity extends throughout life.We used cognitive training, diffusion- tensor imaging(DTI),and structura lMRI to investigate plasticity of the white- mattertracts that connect the left and right hemisphere of the frontallobes. Over a period of about 180days, 20 younger adults and 12 older adults trained for a total of one hundred and one -1h sessions on a set¤of three working memory, three episodicmemory,and six perceptual speedtasks. Control groups were assessed at pre-and post-test. Training affected several DTI metrics and increased the area of the anterior part of the corpuscallosum. These alterations were of similar magnitude in younger and older adults. The findings indicate that experience-dependent plasticity of white- mattermicrostructure extends into old age and that disruptions of structural interhemispheric connectivity in old age, which are pronounced in aging, are modifiable by experience and amenable to treatment.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Paul-Jordanov, Isabella; Bechtold, Marieke; Gawrilow, Caterina
Titel: Methylphenidate and if-then plans are comparable in modulating the P300 and increasing response inhibition in children with ADHD
In: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2 (2010) 3, S. 115-126
DOI: 10.1007/s12402-010-0028-9
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0028-9
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Aufmerksamkeit; Deutschland; Experiment; Förderung; Forschungsdesign; Gehirn; Hyperaktivität; Kind; Kognitive Prozesse; Neurophysiologie; Selbstregulation; Strategie
Abstract (english): A disturbed functioning of the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and an accordingly reduced P300 presumably underlies executive function deficits of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). Using a combined classification and Go/ NoGo task paradigm, the present study investigated whether medication with methylphenidate (MPH) modulates the P300 as measured by a high-density electroencephalogram ( EEG) and facilitates response inhibition in children with ADHD. Further, effects of MPH were compared with effects of self-regulation by if-then plans (Gollwitzer in Am Psychol 54: 493 503, 1999). MPH as well as if-then plans modulated the P300 and improved inhibition of an unwanted response on a Go/NoGo task to the same level observed in children without ADHD. Importantly, self-regulation strategies might be a valuable alternative to medication with MPH in children with ADHD.(DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Zaunmüller, Luisa; Domahs, Frank; Dressel, Katharina; Lonnemann, Jan; Klein, Elise; Ischebeck, Anja; Willmes, Klaus
Titel: Rehabilitation of arithmetic fact retrieval via extensive practice. A combined fMRI and behavioural case-study
In: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19 (2009) 3, S. 422-443
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Arithmetik; Kognitive Prozesse; Gehirnschädigung; Therapie; Übung; Training; Wirkung; Gehirn; Messung; Fallstudie; Neuropsychologie; Deutschland
Abstract (english): The present study investigates the effects of a training of arithmetic fact retrieval in a patient suffering from particular difficulties with multiplication facts. Over a period of four weeks simple multiplication facts were trained extensively. The outcome of the training was assessed behaviourally and changes in cerebral activation patterns were investigated using fMRI. The training led to a change in calculation strategies: Prior to training, the patient used predominantly time-consuming back-up strategies, after training he relied increasingly on the direct retrieval of arithmetic facts from long- term memory. Regarding the fMRI results, prefrontal activations were observed for untrained problems, which can be attributed to the application of back-up strategies strongly relying on fronto-executive functions. Interestingly, significant foci of activation for both trained and untrained items were found in the angular gyrus of the right hemisphere, which, however, differed in their exact localisation. For the trained condition, activations were observed in anterior parts of the angular gyrus which may be related to the training-based automatisation in fact retrieval. Activations in the untrained condition were found in a more posterior portion of the angular gyrus, that might be attributable to one of the patient's back-up strategies, namely to recite a whole multiplication row to get to the correct answer. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung