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Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Affective states contribute to trait reports of affective well-being
In: Emotion, 13 (2013) 5, S. 940-948
DOI: 10.1037/a0032401
URL: http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/a0032401
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Emotion; Junger Erwachsener; Messung; Selbsteinschätzung; Senior; Stimmung; Test; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Asking people to provide global judgments, or trait reports, of their affective experience is a standard method for assessing trait affective well-being, with countless applications in the social sciences. Trait reports reflect numerous influences that generally go unnoticed. Although state affect is a highly plausible candidate for such influences, this source of unwanted variance does not receive much attention and is usually not controlled for in empirical studies. Using 100-day data from the COGITO study, we provide direct and strong evidence that trait reports of affect depend on how people feel at the time they provide the evaluations (i.e., their affective state). For example, participants experiencing more positive affect on a specific day relative to their individual mean also provide more positive ratings of their global affective experience. Furthermore, we found that current affect influences trait ratings in a surprisingly differentiated way - those particular facets of affect that are more/less prevalent at a certain moment are believed to occur more/less often in general. We stress the need for repeated observations within individuals to estimate state contributions to standard assessments of trait affect, to distinguish between state and trait in psychological assessment, and to achieve good indicators of affective experiences in the social and medical sciences.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Scheibe, Susanne; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Life contexts make a difference. Emotional stability in younger and older adults
In: Psychology and Aging, 28 (2013) 1, S. 148-159
DOI: 10.1037/a0030047
URL: http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/a0030047
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affektive Entwicklung; Altern; Einflussfaktor; Emotionale Entwicklung; Emotionaler Zustand; Empirische Untersuchung; Junger Erwachsener; Reaktion; Regressionsanalyse; Senior; Stress; Umwelteinfluss; Vergleich; Wohlbefinden
Abstract (english): Emotional stability, as indicated by low affect variability and low affective reactivity to daily events, for example, tends to increase across the adult life span. This study investigated a contextual explanation for such age differences, relating affect variability and affective reactivity to age-group-specific life contexts. A sample of 101 younger and 103 older adults reported daily stressors and negative affect across 100 days. Compared with younger adults, older adults (a) experienced fewer stressors overall, (b) had less heterogeneous stressor profiles, and (c) reported that stressors had less impact on daily routines. As expected, these contextual factors were relevant for interindividual differences in emotional stability. Multiple regression analyses revealed that reduced affect variability and affective reactivity in older adults were associated with these age-group specific life contexts. Moreover, matching younger and older adults on the contextual factors to explore the effects of context on age-group differences further provided support for the (partially) contextual explanation of age differences in emotional stability. Matched subgroups of younger and older adults that were comparable on contextual variables were identified. Affective variability, but not affective reactivity, was more similar in the matched subsamples than in the total samples of younger and older adults. We conclude that contexts in which affective experiences emerge require more attention when aiming to explain interindividual and age group differences in emotional stability. Moreover, future studies need to disentangle the extent to which contexts interact with active self-regulatory processes to shape affective experiences across adulthood.
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Autor*innen: Kühnhausen, Jan; Leonhardt, Anja; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Physical activity and affect in elementary school children's daily lives
In: Frontiers in Movement Science and Sport Psychology, (2013) , S. 4:456
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00456
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00456/full
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Aktivität; Alltag; Bewegung <Motorische>; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Grundschüler; Messung; Wirkung
Abstract: A positive influence of physical activity (PA) on affect has been shown in numerous studies. However, this relationship has not yet been studied in the daily life of children. We present a part of the FLUX study that attempts to contribute to filling that gap. To this end, a proper way to measure PA and affect in the daily life of children is needed. In pre-studies of the FLUX study, we were able to show that affect can be measured in children with self-report items that are answered using smartphones. In the current article, we show that it is feasible to objectively measure children's PA with accelerometers for a period of several weeks and report descriptive information on the amount of activity of 51 children from 3rd and 4th grade. Additionally, we investigate the influence of daily PA on daily affect in children. Mixed effects models show no effect of PA on any of the four measured dimensions of affect. We discuss that this might be due to effects taking place at shorter time intervals, which can be investigated in future analyses.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Roick, Thorsten; Gölitz, Dietmar; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Affektive Komponenten der Mathematikkompetenz. Die Mathematikangst-Ratingskala für vierte bis sechste Klassen (MARS 4-6)
Aus: Hasselhorn, Marcus; Heinze, Aiso; Schneider, Wolfgang; Trautwein, Ulrich (Hrsg.): Diagnostik mathematischer Kompetenzen, Göttingen: Hogrefe, 2013 (Tests und Trends. N.F., 11), S. 205-221
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Angst; Fragebogen; Grundschule; Mathematikunterricht; Mathematische Kompetenz; Modell; Qualität; Schüler; Schuljahr 04; Schuljahr 05; Schuljahr 06; Sekundarstufe I; Testkonstruktion; Testverfahren
Abstract: Mathematikkompetenz und Mathe(matik)angst stehen in einem negativen Zusammenhang. Die Wirkrichtung dieses Zusammenhangs ist ebenso ungeklärt wie die Frage, ob alle Teilbereiche der Mathematikkompetenz gleichermaßen betroffen sind. Während im englischsprachigen Raum bereits seit den 1970er Jahren Fragebogenverfahren zur Erfassung der Matheangst vorliegen, wurde diesen im deutschen Sprachraum bislang wenig Aufmerksamkeit zuteil/ Die Mathematikangst-Ratingskala für vierte bis sechste Klassen basiert auf einem im amerikanischen Sprachraum weit verbreiteten Fragebogenverfahren zur Bestimmung der Matheangst im Grundschulalter.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Daily variability in working memory is coupled with negative affect. The role of attention and motivation
In: Emotion, 12 (2012) 3, S. 605-617
DOI: 10.1037/a0024436
URL: https://doi.apa.org/record/2011-15460-001
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufgabe; Aufmerksamkeit; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Deutschland; Individuum; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Leistungsfähigkeit; Motivation; Test; Unterschied
Abstract (english): Across days, individuals experience varying levels of negative affect, control of attention, and motivation. We
investigated whether this intraindividual variability was coupled with daily fluctuations in working memory
(WM) performance. In 100 days, 101 younger individuals worked on a spatial N-back task and rated negative
affect, control of attention, and motivation. Results showed that individuals differed in how reliably WM
performance fluctuated across days, and that subjective experiences were primarily linked to performance
accuracy. WM performance was lower on days with higher levels of negative affect, reduced control of
attention, and reduced task-related motivation. Thus, variables that were found to predict WM in betweensubjects designs showed important relationships to WM at the within-person level. In addition, there was shared predictive variance among predictors of WM. Days with increased negative affect and reduced performance were also days with reduced control of attention and reduced motivation to work on tasks. These findings are in line with proposed mechanisms linking negative affect and cognitive performance.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Eckensberger, Lutz H.
Titel: Culture inclusive action theory. Action theory in dialectics and dialectics in action theory
Aus: Valsiner, Jaan (Hrsg.): Oxford handbook of culture and psychology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012 , S. 357-402
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Lexika/Enzyklopädie o.ä.
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Deutschland; Dialektik; Emotion; Empirische Untersuchung; Entwicklungspsychologie; Handlung; Handlungsforschung; Handlungstheorie; Individuum; Interkulturelle Psychologie; Kognition; Kohlberg; Lawrence; Kranker; Krebs <Med>; Kultur; Kulturelle Identität; Kulturpsychologie; Methode; Moral; Motiv <Psy>; Norm <Ethik>; Persönlichkeit; Philosophie; Piaget; Jean; Region; Saarland; Selbstreflexion; Sozialisation; Soziokulturelle Bedingungen; Systemtheorie; Theorie; Urteilsbildung; Verantwortung; Wert; Wertvorstellung
Abstract (english): The chapter deals with the concept of Culture-Inclusive Action Theory and research the author and his co-workers conducted primarily in Saarbrücken (and later in Frankfurt) over the last 35 years in two (complementary) subject areas, which also form the roots of the chapter: cross-cultural research and development of moral judgment in the tradition of Piaget/Kohlberg. In cross-cultural psychology, the duality "person versus culture" is unavoidable. In moral development, the dualities "content versus structure," "facts versus norms," and "affects versus cognition" are likewise unavoidable. In both research fields, the assumption of a dialectical relation between these dualities and the role of action theory in relation to dialectics was and still is attractive. In the following this role is interpreted also within Dynamic System Theory, by the concepts of upward emergence and downward selection, which are synthesized by the human action. This theoretical orientation from the very beginning called for its justification vìs-a-vìs mainstream psychology by implying meta-theoretical reflections. After a short introduction into dialectics and action theory in psychology, a more detailed treatment of the two research subjects are presented. The first step in both topics was (biographically) a systematic theoretical analysis dealing with the meaning of culture for psychology and the deep structure of moral development. In both topics the (descriptive) application of action theory and the (interpretative) appropriation of dialectics was productive and lead to contextualized research by conceptualizing a "regional cultural identity" on the one hand and formulating "types of everyday morality" on the other. This cultural contextualization is the reason for calling our approach Culture-Inclusive Action Theory. A later study on the process of coming to terms with cancer was based on the same theoretical model; developed in both fields (culture and morality), it was also methodically contextualized from the very beginnings.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Martens, Thomas
Titel: Was ist aus dem Integrierten Handlungsmodell geworden?
Aus: Kempf, Wilhelm; Langeheine, Rolf (Hrsg.): Item-Repsonse-Modelle in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung, Berlin: Regener, 2012 , S. 210-229
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-opus-84766
URL: http://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2013/8476/pdf/Martens_2012_Was_ist_aus_dem_Integrierten_Handlungsmodell_geworden.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Befragung; Deutschland; Emotion; Empirische Untersuchung; Fragebogenerhebung; Handlung; Handlungsforschung; Handlungstheorie; Hochschulunterricht; Kognitive Prozesse; Lernen; Lernprozess; Lernstil; Lernstrategie; Modell; Motivation; Rasch-Modell; Regulation; Statistik; Student
Abstract: Das Integrierte Handlungsmodell von Jürgen Rost und Thomas Martens (1998) verbindet die motivational-emotionale und die kognitive Dynamik der Handlungsregulation miteinander und wurde ursprünglich für die verschiedenen Kontexte des Umwelthandelns konzipiert. Rückblickend betrachtet kann es als universelles Handlungsmodell die Regulationsprozesse in den verschiedensten Handlungskontexten erklären, insbesondere auch Prozesse des Lernens, wenn Lernen als spezielle Handlungsform aufgefasst werden kann. Es wird inbesonderte gezeigt, wie das Handlungsmodell mit den Arbeiten von Julius Kuhl (2000) korrepondiert und erweitert werden kann. Bei der empirischen Überprüfung des Integrierten Handlungsmodells muss der Prozesscharakter des Modells besonders berücksichtigt werden. Bei einer Messung mit Hilfe von Querschnittsdaten müssen also insbesondere verschiedene Prozesszustände statistisch abgebildet werden. Dies kann etwa durch die Verwendung von Mischverteilungsmodellen gesichert werden, die in der Lage sind alle Moderatorhypothesen simultan zu prüfen. Es wird ein Beispiel für die Anwendung des Integrierten Handlungsmodells in dem Bereich "Lernen von Statistik" und den entsprechenden Analysen der empirischen Daten mit Hilfe von Mischverteilungsmodellen berichtet.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Autor*innen: Arens, A. Katrin; Yeung, Alexander Seeshing; Craven, Rhonda G.; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: The twofold multidimensionality of academic self-concept. Domain specificity and separation between competence and affect components
In: Journal of Educational Psychology, 103 (2011) 4, S. 970-981
DOI: 10.1037/a0025047
URL: https://doi.apa.org/record/2011-18446-001
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Deutschland; Deutschunterricht; Empirische Untersuchung; Faktorenanalyse; Grundschule; Kompetenz; Lesekompetenz; Mathematikunterricht; Mathematische Kompetenz; Messverfahren; Modell; Schüler; Schülerleistung; Schulform; Sekundarstufe I; Selbstkonzept; Validität
Abstract (english): Academic self-concept is consistently proven to be multidimensional rather than unidimensional as it is domain specific in nature. However, each specific self-concept domain may be further separated into competence and affect components. This study examines the twofold multidimensionality of academic self-concept (i.e., its domain specificity and competence affect distinction) and extends previous research by applying both within-network and between-network approaches to construct validation. The academic self-concept scales of a German version of the Self Description Questionnaire I (SDQ I) were administered to students from 3rd to 6th grades (N = 1,958). Confirmatory factor analysis models positing separate factors for competence and affect components of math, German, and general school self-concepts fitted better than models assuming domain specificity only. This was demonstrated for the total sample as well as for different subsamples based on age and gender. Although the competence and affect components within each academic self-concept domain were substantially correlated, they were found to be separable constructs. In between-network studies, the competence component was found to be more highly correlated with achievement than the affect component within and across matching academic domains, providing a new argument for the separation of competence and affect components of academic self-concept. Implications of the distinctiveness of competence and affect components of academic self-concept for self-concept theory, research, and practice are discussed.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Normal aging dampens the link between intrusive. Thoughts and negative affect in reaction to daily stressors
In: Psychology and Aging, 26 (2011) 2, S. 488-502
DOI: 10.1037/a0022287
URL: https://doi.apa.org/record/2011-07463-001
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Beeinflussung; Belastung; Datenanalyse; Emotionaler Zustand; Empirische Untersuchung; Erwachsener; Junger Erwachsener; Phänomenologie; Psyche; Testaufgabe; Unterschied; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: We charted daily variations in intrusive thoughts to gain access to adult age differences in affective reactivity
to daily stressors. On 100 days, 101 younger and 103 older adults reported stressors, intrusive thoughts, and
negative affect. Although increments in intrusive thoughts were similar in both age groups on days with
stressors, older adults negative affect increased less than younger adults on such days. In addition, (a) levels
of intrusive thoughts and negative affect across study time were positively associated; (b) days with increased
thoughts were days with increased negative affect; and (c) experiencing above-average intrusive thoughts
about stressors strengthened affective reactions to stress. Relative to younger adults, all three associations were
reduced in older adults. We tentatively conclude that normal aging dampens the stress-induced link between
intrusive thoughts and affect. This dampening may contribute to preserved affective well-being and reduced
affective reactivity to daily stress in old age.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Buff, Alex; Reusser, Kurt; Rakoczy, Katrin; Pauli, Christine
Titel: Activating positive affective experiences in the classroom. "Nice to have" or something more?
In: Learning and Instruction, 21 (2011) 3, S. 452-466
DOI: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.07.008
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.07.008
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affektive Entwicklung; Kognitive Prozesse; Lernerfolg; Mathematische Kompetenz; Motivation; Schüler
Abstract (english): This study investigated students activating positive affective experiences in mathematics lessons, their antecedents, their cognitive and motivational consequences, as well as their effect on achievement. The participants were 682 Grade 8 and 9 students from 37 classes from Germany and Switzerland who participated in a video study of lessons on the Pythagorean theorem. Control and value beliefs as well as autonomy support proved to be relevant predictors of positive affective experiences. Moreover, positive affective experiences were associated with more cognitive activity during the lessons, which for its part predicted achievement in the posttest. In a follow-up test, there was also an indirect effect of positive affective experiences on achievement, mediated by cognitive activity and expectancy of success.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Autor*innen: Riediger, Michaela; Wrzus, Cornelia; Schmiedek, Florian; Wagner, Gert G.; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Is seeking bad mood cognitively demanding? Contra-hedonic orientation and working-memory capacity
in everyday life
In: Emotion, 11 (2011) 3, S. 656-665
DOI: 10.1037/a0022756 656
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022756 656
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Alltag; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Emotionaler Zustand; Empirische Forschung; Kognitive Kompetenz; Methodologie; Selbstregulation; Wirkung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Hedonism, or wanting to feel good, is central to human motivation. At times, however, people also seek to maintain or enhance negative affect or to dampen positive affect, and this can be instrumental for the later attainment of their goals. Here, we investigate the assumption that such contra-hedonic orientation is cognitively more demanding than prohedonic orientation, above and beyond the effects of momentary affective experience. We provided 378 participants with mobile phones that they carried with them for 3 weeks while pursuing their daily routines. The phones prompted participants at least 54 times to report their current affect-regulation orientation and to work on two trials of a cognitively demanding working memory task. As expected, contra-hedonic orientation was substantially less prevalent than prohedonic orientation. It was reported in 15% of the measurement occasions. Participants who reported on average more contra-hedonic orientation showed lower average working memory performance throughout the study interval. Further, controlling for the effects of accompanying affective experiences, momentary occurrences of contra-hedonic orientation were associated with temporary declines in working memory performance within individuals, and this could neither be explained by lacking task compliance nor by other characteristics of the individual or the situation. Prohedonic orientation showed a considerably smaller association with working memory performance. These findings are consistent with the view that contra-hedonic orientation is accompanied by momentarily more diminished cognitive resources than is prohedonic orientation.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung