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Autor*innen: Goldammer, Ariane von; Mähler, Claudia; Bockmann, Ann-Katrin; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Vorhersage früher Schriftsprachleistungen aus vorschulischen Kompetenzen der Sprache und der phonologischen Informationsverarbeitung
In: Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 42 (2010) 1, S. 48-56
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Deutschland; Gedächtnis; Grammatik; Grundschulalter; Informationsverarbeitung; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Leistung; Lesekompetenz; Phonologie; Prognose; Rechtschreibtest; Schriftsprache; Sprache; Spracherwerb; Vorschulalter; Wortschatz
Abstract: Im deutschen Sprachraum werden seit vielen Jahren Kompetenzen im Bereich der phonologischen Informationsverarbeitung im Zusammenhang mit dem Schriftspracherwerb untersucht. Als stärkster Prädiktor von frühen Lese- und Rechtschreibkompetenzen gilt die vorschulische phonologische Bewusstheit. Studien aus dem angloamerikanischen und skandinavischen Sprachraum deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass auch breitere sprachliche Kompetenzen (Wortschatz, Grammatik) den Erwerb der Schriftsprache vorhersagen. An der vorliegenden Längsschnittstudie nahmen 53 Kinder teil, die im Alter von 5 Jahren hinsichtlich ihrer Kompetenzen im Bereich der Sprache und der phonologischen Informationsverarbeitung sowieim Alter von 8 Jahren hinsichtlich ihrer Lese-Rechtschreibleistungen untersucht wurden. Als stärkster Prädiktor der frühen Lese- und Rechtschreibkompetenz konnte dabei die vorschulische Satzgedächtnisleistung identifiziert werden. Diese wiederum lässt sich durch die Größe des Wortschatzes und die Kapazität des phonologischen Arbeitsgedächtnisses erklären. Mit dem Nachsprechen von Sätzen liegt damit ein ökonomisches Maß vor, mit dem bereits im VorschulalterSchriftsprachleistungen vorhergesagt werden können. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): Interrelationships between phonological processing and written language acquisition have been examined for many years in the German-language area. Phonological awareness at preschool age is regarded as the strongest predictor of reading and spelling competencies at primary school age. Nevertheless, studies from the Anglo-American and Scandinavian language areas point out that broader linguistic competencies (vocabulary, grammar) also predict the acquisition of written language. In the present study 53 children were examined at the age of 5 years concerning their competencies in language and phonological processing and as at the age of 8 years concerning their reading and spelling achievements. The sentence memory capacity at preschool age was identified as the strongest peculiar of later reading and spelling competencies. Sentence memory, in turn, is determined by the capacity of vocabulary and phonological working memory. Repeating sentences at preschool age is an economic measure that can predict later competencies in the acquisition of written language.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Goldhammer, Frank; Rauch, Wolfgang; Schweizer, Karl; Moosbrugger, Helfried
Titel: Differential effects of intelligence, perceptual speed and age on growth in attentional speed and accuracy
In: Intelligence, 38 (2010) 1, S. 83-92
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Alter; Aufmerksamkeit; Genauigkeit; Geschwindigkeit; Intelligenz; kognitive Prozesse; Leistung; Lernprozess; Test; Unterschied; Wahrnehmung
Abstract (english): The study investigates the effects of intelligence, perceptual speed and age on intraindividualgrowth in attentional speed and attentional accuracy over the course of a 6-minute testing session. A sample of 193 subjects completed the Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Vienna Matrices Test representing intelligence, the tests Alertness and GoNogo representing simple perceptualprocessing, and the Frankfurt Adaptive Concentration- Performance Test, a measure of executiveattention. Growth curve modeling demonstrated an increase of attentional speed and accuracyperformance following linear and logarithmic trajectories, respectively. For attentional speed,intelligence significantly predicted baseline performance, but not performance growth, while forperceptual speed the reverse pattern of results held. For attentional accuracy, intelligence did nothave an effect, neither on baseline performance nor on performance growth, whereas perceptualspeed influenced both baseline performance and performance growth. Thus, intelligence was notassociated with the ability to learn to perform the attention task quickly and accurately. Agedifferences were mainly related to baseline performance. Results indicate that the concurrent performance aspects, speed and accuracy, are distinct in the shape of growth and in the predictionof growth curve parameters by intelligence, perceptual speed, and age.(DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Autor*innen: Hirschmann, Doris
Titel: Linkempfehlungen zum Schwerpunkt "Mehr Bildung, mehr Fachkräfte"
In: Weiterbildung, 21 (2010) 6, S. 42-43
URL: http://www.bildungsserver.de/zeigen.html?seite=8823
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Bibliografien/Rezensionen u.ä. (z.B. Linktipps)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Betriebliche Weiterbildung; Deutschland; E-Learning; Erwachsener; Gesundheitserziehung; Internet; Qualifizierung; Quellensammlung; Unternehmen; Weiterbildung; Wissensmanagement
Abstract: Derzeit ist die betriebliche Weiterbildung stark geprägt von den Themen Qualifizierung Älterer und Ungelernter. Deshalb werden in diesen Linkempfehlungen in der Hauptsache Projekte und Programme zu diesen Themen vorgestellt. Außerdem werden Internetquellen zu E-Learning in Betrieben und zur betrieblichen Gesundheitsbildung empfohlen.
DIPF-Abteilung: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Autor*innen: Hirschmann, Doris
Titel: Linkempfehlungen zum Schwerpunkt "Leistungsstark im Alter"
In: Weiterbildung, 21 (2010) 4, S. 44-45
URL: http://www.bildungsserver.de/zeigen.html?seite=8530
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Bibliografien/Rezensionen u.ä. (z.B. Linktipps)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Deutschland; Europa; Fachinformation; Gesellschaft; Internet; Politik; Qualifizierung; Quellensammlung; Senioren; Transformation (Soz); Wirtschaft (Handel)
Abstract: Die Themen Alter und ältere Menschen sind in vielen Bereichen im Fokus. Für diese Ausgabe wurde eine Auswahl aus den Gebieten Politik, Fachinformation, Qualifizierung und Europa getroffen. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Abteilung: Informationszentrum Bildung
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Autor*innen: Lehmann, Martin; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: The dynamics of free recall and their relation to rehearsal between 8 and 10 years of age
In: Child Development, 81 (2010) 3, S. 1006-1020
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01448.x
URL: https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01448.x
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Analyse; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Gedächtnis; Grundschulalter; Kind; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Prozesse; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Lernpsychologie; Strategie; Testdurchführung; Videofilm; Wiederholung
Abstract (english): The present study longitudinally examined changes in recall in children between the ages of 8 and 10 years. Given the increasingly sophisticated use of memory strategies during this developmental period, correspondences between study and recall dynamics were of particular interest. Seventy-six children performed free-recall tasks on 5 occasions over a 2-year period. Video and audio analyses revealed that children tended to recall items successively from nearby serial positions. This so- called lag-recency effect was particularly pronounced when items from nearby serial positions were conjunctly rehearsed during study. Implications for understanding study-recall correspondences are discussed in relation to other developmental changes of this period including memory capacity. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Lövdén, Martin; Bodammer, Nils Christian; Kühn, Simone; Kaufmann, Jörn; Schütze, Hartmut; Tempelmann, Claus; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Düzel, Emrah; Schmiedek, Florian; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Experience-dependent plasticity of white-matter microstructure extends into old age
In: Neuropsychologia, 48 (2010) 13, S. 3878-3883
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.026
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.026
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Erfahrung; Erwachsener; Gedächtnis; Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Test; Wahrnehmung; Zeit
Abstract (english): Experience-dependent alterations in the human brains white-matter microstructure occur in early adult-hood, but it is unknown whether such plasticity extends throughout life.We used cognitive training, diffusion- tensor imaging(DTI),and structura lMRI to investigate plasticity of the white- mattertracts that connect the left and right hemisphere of the frontallobes. Over a period of about 180days, 20 younger adults and 12 older adults trained for a total of one hundred and one -1h sessions on a set¤of three working memory, three episodicmemory,and six perceptual speedtasks. Control groups were assessed at pre-and post-test. Training affected several DTI metrics and increased the area of the anterior part of the corpuscallosum. These alterations were of similar magnitude in younger and older adults. The findings indicate that experience-dependent plasticity of white- mattermicrostructure extends into old age and that disruptions of structural interhemispheric connectivity in old age, which are pronounced in aging, are modifiable by experience and amenable to treatment.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Bäckmann, Lars; Schäfer, Sabine; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: A theoretical framework for the study of adult cognitive plasticity
In: Psychological Bulletin, 136 (2010) 4, S. 659-676
DOI: 10.1037/a0020080
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020080
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Empirische Forschung; Erwachsener; Flexibilität; Gerontologie; Hirnforschung; Hirnfunktion; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Fähigkeit; Konzeption; Reaktion; Training; Verhaltensänderung
Abstract (english): Does plasticity contribute to adult cognitive development, and if so, in what ways? The vague and overused concept of plasticity makes these controversial questions difficult to answer. In this article, we refine the notion of adult cognitive plasticity and sharpen its conceptual distinctiveness. According to our framework, adult cognitive plasticity is driven by a prolonged mismatch between functional organismic supplies and environmental demands and denotes the brain's capacity for anatomically implementing reactive changes in behavioral flexibility (i.e., the possible range of performance and function). We distinguish between 2 interconnected but distinct cognitive outcomes of adult cognitive plasticity: alterations in processing efficiency and alterations in representations. We demonstrate the usefulness of our framework in evaluating and interpreting (a) increments in frontal brain activations in the course of normal aging and (b) the effects of cognitive training in adulthood and old age. Finally, we outline new research questions and predictions generated by the present framework and recommend design features for future cognitive-training studies. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Schmiedek, Florian; Bauer, Colin; Lövdén, Martin; Brose, Annette; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Cognitive enrichment in old age. Web-based training programs
In: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 23 (2010) 2, S. 59-67
DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000013
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000013
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Akzeptanz; Alter Mensch; Altern; Computerprogramm; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Deutschland; Gedächtnis; Internet; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Fähigkeit; Technologie; Testmethodik; Training
Abstract (english): Lifestyles with high levels of cognitive activity have been linked to weaker declines in cognitive abilities with aging. Hence,computer-based cognitive training programs that facilitate intense, daily, cognitive practice may help older adults to maintain and improvetheir cognitive functioning. We present the rationale for and implementation of an internet-based training environment that includes tasksof perceptual speed, episodic memory, and working memory. It was implemented as platform-independent internet- based testing softwareand used in the COGITO study to investigate intraindividual variability and plasticity in 101 younger (age 20-31) and 103 older (age65-80) adults across an average of 100 daily practice sessions. Observations from this study and retrospective self-report evaluations demonstrate the program's feasibility and acceptance among participants. ( DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Hundred days of cognitive training enhance broad cognitive abilities in adulthood. Findings from the COGITO study
In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, (2010) , S. 2:27
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00027
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2010.00027/full
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Altersgruppe; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Erwachsener; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Gedächtnis; Kognitive Fähigkeit; Leistungsmessung; Leistungssteigerung; Messverfahren; Test; Training; Transfer
Abstract (english): [The authors] examined whether positive transfer of cognitive training, which so far has been observed for individual tests only, also generalizes to cognitive abilities, thereby carrying greater promise for improving everyday intellectualcompetence in adulthood and old age. In the COGITO Study, 101 younger and 103 older adults practiced six tests of perceptual speed (PS), three tests of working memory (WM), and three tests of episodic memory (EM) for over 100 daily 1-h sessions. Transfer assessment included multiple tests of PS, WM, EM, and reasoning. In both age groups, reliable positive transfer was found not only for individual tests but also for cognitive abilities, represented as latent factors. Furthermore, the pattern of correlations between latent change factors of practiced and latent change factors of transfer tasks indicates systematic relations at the level of broad abilities, making the interpretation of effects as resulting from unspecific increases in motivation or self-concept less likely. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Titz, Cora; Behrendt, Jörg; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Tomatoes and apples or red and green lines. Are age-related interference effects based on competition among concepts or percepts?
In: Experimental Aging Research, 36 (2010) 3, S. 346-358
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Aufmerksamkeit; Deutschland; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Gerontologie; Kognitive Fähigkeit; Leistungsfähigkeit; Reaktion; Wahrnehmung
Abstract (english): Using a negative priming paradigm, the authors tested whether age-related interference effects are due to age differences in perceptual distractibility or in resolving conceptual competition. In samples of 40 younger adults ( aged 22-34) and 40 older adults (aged 58-76), the authors found a greater reduction in processing speed for older than for younger adults in trials in which targets were superimposed with distracting objects as compared to single-target trials. When trials were paralleled for perceptual features, that is, when single-target trials were supplemented with nonsense distractors, the age effect became nonsignificant. The results suggest that age-related interferenceeffects are primarily due to age differences in perceptual distractibility. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung