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Autor*innen: Lehmann-Wermser, Andreas; Weishaupt, Horst
Titel: Zur Situation des Musikunterrichts an den Grundschulen und zum zukünftigen Musiklehrkräftebedarf und -angebot für die Grundschule in Deutschland
In: Die Deutsche Schule, 112 (2020) 1, S. 40-60
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-204580
URL: http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-204580
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Musikunterricht; Grundschule; Lehrerbedarf; Lehrermangel; Altersstruktur; Entwicklung; Fachfremder Unterricht; Seiteneinsteiger; Nachqualifizierung; Stundentafel; Pflichtunterricht; Lehrerausbildung; Lehramt; Studienabschluss; Schülerzahl; Bundesland; Vergleich; Deutschland
Abstract: Im Auftrag des Deutschen Musikrats und der Landesmusikräte wurde eine Studie zum Musikunterricht in der Grundschule durchgeführt, über deren zentrale Ergebnisse berichtet wird. Die einleitende Situationsanalyse berichtet über die unterschiedlichen Vorgaben zwischen den Ländern zum Musikunterricht und die Umsetzung dieser Vorgaben insbesondere im Blick auf den fachfremd erteilten Unterricht. Die anschließenden Überlegungen zum zukünftigen Bedarf an Musiklehrkräften berücksichtigen den Bestand, die voraussichtlich aus Altersgründen ausscheidenden Lehrkräfte und den Bestand an jungen Musiklehrkräften unter 35 Jahren, die Schülerzahlenentwicklung, die Zahl der Absolventinnen und Absolventen mit einer 2. Lehramtsprüfung in Musik im letzten Jahrzehnt, die Zahl der Studienanfänger mit dem Fach Musik für die Grundschule und die Seiteneinstiege mit dem Fach Musik für die Grundschule. Mit diesen Informationen werden Modellrechnungen zum voraussichtlichen Bestand an Musiklehrkräften 2028 durchgeführt, die absehbaren Konsequenzen für den Musikunterricht und zu ergreifende Maßnahmen beschrieben.
Abstract (english): The German Music Council and federal state music councils commissioned a study on music education at primary schools in Germany, and central findings are reported here. The introductory analysis of the situation informs about different stipulations across federal states regarding music education and their implementation, particularly with respect to instruction by non-skilled teachers. The following considerations concerning the future need for trained music teachers take the situation into account, i.e. the teachers due to retire as well as the number of younger teachers aged under 35 years, together with the development of primary school population figures, the number of music teaching graduates with a second level state exam in the past decade, the number of students enrolled in music teaching at primary school level, and the number of career changers who opt for teaching music at primary school level. This information is used for model calculations on the prospective number of music teachers in 2028. Possible consequences for music education are described as well as measures that need to be taken.
DIPF-Abteilung: Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
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Autor*innen: Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Studying within-person variation and within-person couplings in intensive longitudinal data. Lessons learned and to be learned
In: Gerontology, 66 (2020) 4, S. 332-339
DOI: 10.1159/000507993
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-252201
URL: https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2022/25220/pdf/Gerontology_66_4_2020_Neubauer_et_al_Studying_within-person_variation_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Altersforschung; Psychologische Forschung; Altern; Wohlbefinden; Messung; Messverfahren; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Reliabilität; Heterogenität; Kausalität; Zeitpunkt; Diskussion
Abstract (english): Intensive longitudinal designs (e.g., experience sampling methods, daily diary studies, or ambulatory assessments) continue to gain importance in sychological aging research. Empirical research using these designs has greatly facilitated our understanding of short-term within-person processes and has started to approach the question how these processes shape long-term development across the life span. The aim of this viewpoint article is to point out four key issues in intensive longitudinal designs that in our opinion require more attention than they are currently given: (a) improvement in measurement reliability, (b) the necessity to investigate inter-individual differences in short-term dynamics, (c) considerations of the time scale across which dynamic effects unfold, and (d) targeting causality by incorporating experimental methods in intensive longitudinal designs. We illustrate these four key issues by referring to a prominent example of within-person dynamics in prior empirical research: the within-person coupling of stressor occurrence and well-being stress reactivity).
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Sliwinski, Martin J.; Smyth, Joshua M.
Titel: How was your day? Convergence of aggregated momentary and retrospective end-of-day affect ratings across the adult life span
In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119 (2020) 1, S. 185-203
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000248
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-228882
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2021/22888/pdf/JPSP_2020_1_Neubauer_et_al_How_was_your_day_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Wohlbefinden; Stress; Emotionaler Zustand; Altersgruppe; Erwachsener; Unterschied; Erinnerung; Gedächtnis; Tagesablauf; Tagebuch; Indikator; Gegenwart; Vergangenheit; Messverfahren; Befragung; Vergleich; USA
Abstract (english): Daily diary studies and experience sampling studies examine day-to-day variations in affect using different rating types: The former typically collect retrospective affect reports at the end of the day, whereas the latter collects multiple momentary assessments across the day. The present study examined the convergence of (aggregated) momentary assessments collected repeatedly within a day and retrospective assessments collected at the end of the day. Building on prior research on the memory-experience gap and the peak-and-end rule we predicted that participants would report more intense retrospective affect than aggregated momentary affect, and that retrospective affect would be biased toward the peak and the most recent affect of the day. Based on socioemotional selectivity theory and the strength and vulnerability integration model, age differences in these convergence indicators were expected. Findings from 2 age-heterogeneous ecological momentary assessment/daily diary hybrid studies (N = 242, 25-65 years; and N = 175, 20-79 years) revealed (a) a memory-experience gap for negative affect (more intense retrospective ratings than aggregated momentary ratings) that is attenuated with advancing age; (b) only a small memory-experience gap for positive affect for very old adults (66-79 years), but not younger adults; (c) relatively high convergence of aggregated momentary ratings and retrospective ratings despite (d) small biases of retrospective negative affect ratings toward peak and most recent negative affect. Findings suggest that both rating types can discriminate "good days" from "bad days" and provide overlapping but not necessarily exchangeable information. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Neubauer, Anna; Nemanti, Parvin; Schmid, Johanna; Gawrilow, Caterina; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Prosocial motivation and behavior in children with and without turkish immigrant background and in turkish children in Turkey
In: Journal of Educational Research Online, 12 (2020) 1, S. 5-25
DOI: 10.25656/01:19116
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-191167
URL: https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=19116
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Deutsches Kind; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Familie; Geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschied; Interdependenz; Internationaler Vergleich; Kindergartenkind; Migrationshintergrund; Modell; Motivation; Prosoziales Verhalten; Sozialpsychologie; Studie; Teilen; Test; Türkei; Verhaltenspsychologie; Vorschulalter
Abstract: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht prosoziale Motivation und prosoziales Verhalten von deutschen Kindern ohne Migrationshintergrund (n = 50) und Kindern mit einem türkischen Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland (n = 44) sowie türkischen Kindern ohne Migrationshintergrund in der Türkei (n = 68). Nur Mädchen mit einem türkischen Migrationshintergrund weisen sowohl ein hohes Level an prosozialer Motivation als auch an prosozialem Verhalten auf. Jungen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund und deutsche Kinder ohne Migrationshintergrund zeigten weder prosoziale Motivation noch prosoziales Verhalten. Dagegen zeigten türkische Kinder ohne Migrationshintergrund prosoziale Motivation, jedoch kein prosoziales Verhalten. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): The present study compares prosocial motivation and prosocial behavior of children with a Turkish immigrant background in Germany (n = 44) to German children living in Germany (n = 50) and Turkish children living in Turkey (n = 68). Only girls living in Germany with Turkish immigrant background were found to achieve high levels of prosocial motivation and behavior. Whereas boys with Turkish migrant background and German children without immigrant background showed low levels of prosocial motivation and prosocial behavior. In contrast, Turkish children without immigrant background were high in prosocial motivation but low in prosocial behavior. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Pläschke, Rachel N.; Patil, Kaustubh R.; Cieslik, Edna C.; Nostro, Alessandra D.; Varikuti, Deepthi P.; Plachti, Anna; Lösche, Patrick; Hoffstaedter, Felix; Kalenscher, Tobias; Langner, Robert; Eickhoff, Simon B.
Titel: Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity
In: Cortex, 132 (2020) , S. 441-459
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.012
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-232239
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Gehirn; Vernetzung; Altern; Lebensalter; Unterschied; Ruhe; Zustand; Magnetresonanzverfahren; Bildgebendes Verfahren; Maschine; Lernen; Leistung; Vorhersage; Explorative Studie; Deutschland
Abstract: Deterioration in working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with normal aging, but it remains unknown how age affects the relationship between WMC and connectivity within functional brain networks. We therefore examined the predictability of WMC from fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within eight meta-analytically defined functional brain networks and the connectome in young and old adults using relevance vector machine in a robust cross-validation scheme. Particular brain networks have been associated with mental functions linked to WMC to a varying degree and are associated with age-related differences in performance. Comparing prediction performance between the young and old sample revealed age-specific effects: In young adults, we found a general unpredictability of WMC from RSFC in networks subserving WM, cognitive action control, vigilant attention, theory-of-mind cognition, and semantic memory, whereas in older adults each network significantly predicted WMC. Moreover, both WM-related and WM-unrelated networks were differently predictive in older adults with low versus high WMC. These results indicate that the within-network functional coupling during task-free states is specifically related to individual task performance in advanced age, suggesting neural-level reorganization. In particular, our findings support the notion of a decreased segregation of functional brain networks, deterioration of network integrity within different networks and/or compensation by reorganization as factors driving associations between individual WMC and within-network RSFC in older adults. Thus, using multivariate pattern regression provided novel insights into age-related brain reorganization by linking cognitive capacity to brain network integrity. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Tracey, Danielle; Morin, Alexander J. S.; Pekrun, Reinhard; Arens, A. Katrin; Murayama, Kou; Lichtenfeld, Stephanie; Frenzel, Anne C.; Goetz, Thomas; Maïano, Christophe
Titel: Mathematics motivation in students with low cognitive ability. A longitudinal study of motivation and relations with effort, self-regulation, and grades
In: American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 125 (2020) 2, S. 125-147
DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.2.125
URL: https://www.aaiddjournals.org/doi/10.1352/1944-7558-125.2.125
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Schüler; Motivation; Kognitive Kompetenz; Schulnote; Mathematikunterricht; Mathematische Kompetenz; Lernschwäche; Schuljahr 05:Schuljahr 08; Heranwachsender; Vergleichsuntersuchung; Altersunterschied; Erwartung; Leistung; Werturteil; Selbstkontrolle; Deutschland
Abstract: Expectancy-value theory (EVT) is a popular framework to understand and improve students' motivation. Unfortunately, limited research has verified whether EVT predictions generalize to students with low levels of cognitive ability. This study relies on Grade 5 and 8 data from 177 students with low levels of cognitive ability and a matched sample of 177 students with average to high cognitive ability from the German "Project for the Analysis of Learning and Achievement in Mathematics." Results showed that students with low levels of cognitive ability were able to differentiate EVT components. Both groups demonstrated a similar downward developmental trend in motivation from early to middle adolescence, and similar relations between EVT components and levels of efforts, self-regulation, and mathematics class grades. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Brod, Garvin; Lee Shing, Yee
Titel: A boon and a bane. Comparing the effects of prior knowledge on memory across the lifespan
In: Developmental Psychology, 55 (2019) 6, S. 1326-1337
DOI: 10.1037/dev0000712
URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fdev0000712
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Vorwissen; Wissen; Wirkung; Gedächtnis; Lebensalter; Erinnerung; Fehler; Informationsverarbeitung; Objekt; Raum; Assoziation; Kind; Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Leistungsfähigkeit; Test; Altersgruppe; Vergleich
Abstract: We tested 6- to 7-year-olds, 18- to 22-year-olds, and 67- to 74-year-olds on an associative memory task that consisted of knowledge-congruent and knowledge-incongruent object-scene pairs that were highly familiar to all age groups. We compared the 3 age groups on their memory congruency effect (i.e., better memory for knowledge-congruent associations) and on a schema bias score, which measures participants' tendency to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors. We found that prior knowledge similarly benefited memory for items encoded in a congruent context in all age groups. However, for associative memory, older adults and, to a lesser extent, children overrelied on their prior knowledge, as indicated by an enhanced congruency effect and schema bias. Functional MRI (fMRI) performed during memory encoding revealed an age-independent Memory × Congruency interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Furthermore, the magnitude of vmPFC recruitment correlated positively with the schema bias. These findings suggest that older adults are most prone to rely on their prior knowledge for episodic memory decisions, but that children can also rely heavily on prior knowledge that they are well acquainted with. Furthermore, the fMRI results suggest that the vmPFC plays a key role in the assimilation of new information into existing knowledge structures across the entire life span. vmPFC recruitment leads to better memory for knowledge-congruent information but also to a heightened susceptibility to commit knowledge-congruent memory errors, in particular in children and older adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Höltge, Lea; Ehm, Jan-Henning; Hartmann, Ulrike; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs regarding assessment and promotion of school-relevant skills of preschool children
In: Early Child Development and Care, 189 (2019) 2, S. 339-351
DOI: 10.25656/01:17607
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-176073
URL: http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-176073
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Erzieher; Überzeugung; Einstellung <Psy>; Selbstwirksamkeit; Förderung; Leistungsbeurteilung; Kind; Vorschulalter; Kindertagesstätte; Kindergarten; Mathematische Kompetenz; Sprachkompetenz; Soziale Kompetenz; Emotionale Kompetenz; Qualifikation; Berufsausbildung; Studium; Befragung; Faktorenanalyse; Baden-Württemberg; Deutschland
Abstract (english): This study addresses preschool teachers' self-efficacy beliefs in assessment and promotion of children's early language, social-emotional, and mathematical skills. The aim of the study was to find out to what extent preschool teachers believe to be able to assess and promote those skills, respectively. In a sample of 368 German preschool teachers, average scores in all scales were quite homogenously high. However, average scores of self-efficacy beliefs between the domains differed, with self-efficacy beliefs regarding language skills being the strongest. Self-efficacy beliefs regarding assessment were stronger than in promotion in the social-emotional and the mathematical domain, but not in language. Yet, confirmatory factor analyses indicate that self-efficacy beliefs regarding assessment were highly correlated with self-efficacy beliefs regarding promotion of skills in all three domains. Possible explanations for these results and ideas for further research are discussed.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Lemmer, Rabea; Huschka, Sina; Geyer, Sabrina; Brandenburg, Janin; Ehm, Jan-Henning; Lausecker, Alina; Schulz, Petra; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Sind Fortbildungsmaßnahmen zu linguistisch fundierter Sprachförderung wirksam? Analysen zu den Kompetenzen von Fachkräften und mehrsprachigen Kindern
In: Frühe Bildung, 8 (2019) 4, S. 181-186
DOI: 10.1026/2191-9186/a000442
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237764
URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-237764
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Erzieher; Weiterbildung; Linguistik; Wirkung; Professionalisierung; Kind; Vorschulalter; Grundschulalter; Sprachförderung; Kompetenz; Mehrsprachigkeit; Testverfahren; Sprachkompetenz; Deutsch als Zweitsprache; Grammatik; Quasi-Experiment; Deutschland
Abstract: Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Effektivität einer Fortbildungsmaßnahme zu linguistisch fundierter Sprachförderung zu untersuchen. In einem Prätest-Posttest-Kontrollgruppen-Design wurden die Sprachförderkompetenz von Fachkräften (n = 33) und die produktiven Sprachfähigkeiten der von ihnen geförderten mehrsprachigen Kinder (n = 78) in den Bereichen Satzstruktur und Kasus erhoben. Die Sprachförderkompetenz der pädagogischen Fachkräfte aus der Experimentalgruppe (n = 18) war nach Abschluss der Fortbildungsmaßnahme signifikant höher als die Sprachförderkompetenz der pädagogischen Fachkräfte, die keine Fortbildung besucht haben (n = 15); zudem verbesserten sich die geförderten Kinder im Bereich der Satzstruktur signifikant gegenüber Kindern, deren Fachkräfte keine Fortbildung besuchten. Für den Erwerbsbereich Kasus gab es keine Effekte. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): This study investigates the effectiveness of professional training in linguistically based language intervention. In a pre-/posttest control group design we measured the languagetraining competencies of 33 early childhood educators and the language abilities of 78 bilingual children attending the day care centers of the trained childhood educators. The language training competencies of the trained group of early childhood educators (n = 18) increased significantly from pre- to posttest compared to non-trained educators (n = 15). Moreover, improvement regarding sentence structure was significantly higher in the bilingual children attending the daycare centers of the trained childhood educators than in the children of nontrained educators. No effects were found for improvement of case marking. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Lonnemann, Jan; Li, Su; Zhao, Pei; Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Lindberg, Sven; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Yan, Song
Titel: Differences in counting skills between Chinese and German children are accompanied by differences in processing of approximate numerical magnitude information
In: Frontiers in Psychology, 9 (2019) , S. 2656
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02656
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02656/full
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Kind; Vorschulalter; Zahlensystem; Fertigkeit; Kognitive Prozesse; Denkfähigkeit; Leistung; Test; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Vergleichsuntersuchung; Internationaler Vergleich; Frankfurt a.M.; Deutschland; Beijing; China
Abstract (english): Human beings are supposed to possess an approximate number system (ANS) dedicated to extracting and representing approximate numerical magnitude information as well as an object tracking system (OTS) for the rapid and accurate enumeration of small sets. It is assumed that the OTS and the ANS independently contribute to the acquisition of more elaborate numerical concepts. Chinese children have been shown to exhibit more elaborate numerical concepts than their non-Chinese peers, but it is still an open question whether similar cross-national differences exist with regard to the underlying systems, namely the ANS and the OTS. In the present study, we investigated this question by comparing Chinese and German preschool children with regard to their performance in a non-symbolic numerical magnitude comparison task (assessing the ANS) and in an enumeration task (assessing the OTS). In addition, we compared children's counting skills. To ensure that possible between-group differences could not be explained by differences in more general performance factors, we also assessed children's reasoning ability and processing speed. Chinese children showed a better counting performance and a more accurate performance in the non-symbolic numerical magnitude comparison task. These differences in performance could not be ascribed to differences in reasoning abilities and processing speed. In contrast, Chinese and German children did not differ signi cantly in the enumeration of small sets. The superior counting performance of Chinese children was thus found to be re ected in the ANS but not in the OTS. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung