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Autor*innen: Gawrilow, Caterina; Rauch, Wolfgang
Titel: Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten und exekutive Funktionen im Entwicklungsverlauf bei Vorschul- und Schulkindern
Aus: Hartmann, Ulrike;Hasselhorn, Marcus;Gold, Andreas (Hrsg.): Entwicklungsverläufe verstehen - Kinder mit Bildungsrisiken wirksam fördern: Forschungsergebnisse des Frankfurter IDeA-Zentrums, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2017 , S. 158-174
Dokumenttyp: 4. Beiträge in Sammelwerken; Sammelband (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Kind; Vorschulalter; Grundschulalter; Selbstregulation; Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Störung; Begriff; Definition; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Kognition; Emotion; Motivation; Wille; Schülerleistung; Entwicklungsstörung; Diagnostik; Training; Förderung; Kontrolle
Abstract: Selbstregulation ist die Fähigkeit, eigene Gedanken, Gefühle und Verhalten an die Anforderungen einer bestimmten Situation anzupassen, um persönliche Ziele optimal verfolgen zu können. Vielfältige Forschung zeigt, dass Kinder, die sich gut selbst regulieren können, im Vergleich zu Kindern, die damit Probleme haben, langfristig bessere Schulleistungen zeigen und beliebter bei Gleichaltrigen, Eltern und Lehrkräften sind. Auch darüber hinaus führt die Fähigkeit zur Selbstregulation zu einer adaptiven Entwicklung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Selbstregulationskompetenzen tragen also essenziell zu erfolgreichem Lernen in allen Altersstufen bei. Diese Erkenntnis führte in den vergangenen Jahren dazu, dass Selbstregulation als Schlüsselkomponente eines erfolgreichen Lebens umfänglich in verschiedenen Kontexten untersucht wurde und somit mittlerweile zu einem zentralen Konzept der Psychologie gehört (Vohs & Baumeister, 2011). Vor allem der Einfluss selbstregulativer Fähigkeiten auf akademische Vorläuferfertigkeiten und Leistungen ist beeindruckend: Neben domänenspezifischen Fertigkeiten (wie z.B. Vorläuferfertigkeiten in Mathematik) und domänenspezifischem Vorwissen (wie z.B. Buchstabenkenntnis) erwies sich Selbstregulation als domänenübergreifende Fähigkeit in vielen Studien als äußerst prädikativ für Schulleistungen (Blair, 2012; Mischel, 2015). Daher soll in diesem Kapitel Selbstregulation im Kontext vorschulischer und schulischer Entwicklung genauer umschrieben werden. Vor allem der Zusammenhang zu sich entwickelnden kognitiven Leistungen wie den exekutiven Funktionen steht dabei im Fokus. Zudem werden aktuelle Studien des IDeA-Zentrums berichtet, die Kinder mit Selbstregulationsstörungen - wie zum Beispiel Kinder, die unter einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung leiden (ADHS) - in den Blick nehmen. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Kuger, Susanne; Marcus, Jan; Spieß, Katharina
Titel: Does quality of early childhood education and care affect the home learning environment of children?
Erscheinungsvermerk: Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, 2017
URL: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.565109.de/dp1687.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 5. Arbeits- und Diskussionspapiere; Arbeits- und Diskussionspapier (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Befragung; Benachteiligtes Kind; Eltern; Emotionale Entwicklung; Erzieher; Familie; Frühkindliche Bildung; Kindertagesstätte; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kooperation; Lernbedingungen; Lernumgebung; Motivation; Qualität; USA; Vorschulalter; Wirkung
Abstract (english): Both, a high quality of the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) setting and a high quality of the home learning environment foster children's development. However, we know little about the interactions between ECEC quality and the home learning environment. We examine whether the child's attendance in a high ECEC quality setting improves the quality of her home learning environment. We use very rich data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), which provides detailed panel information through children`s age of 6 months to 9 years on ECEC quality and on the child's home learning environment. Our analysis is based on a sample of 700 children who have been in non-family child care for at least 10 hours/week. We estimate level and value-added specifications and show that ECEC quality improves the home learning environment at various measurement points. The effects sizes indicate that an increase in ECEC quality by one standard deviation increases the home learning environment by about 0.08 standard deviations. Furthermore, results differ by sub-groups: The home learning environment from more advantaged children benefits more from higher ECEC quality. Thus the potential of high ECEC quality on the home learning environment is not effectively used for disadvantaged children. Policies could work on this potential link, in particular. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Autor*innen: Arens, A. Katrin; Morin, Alexandre J. S.
Titel: Relations between teachers' emotional exhaustion and students' educational outcomes
In: Journal of Educational Psychology, 108 (2016) 6, S. 800-813
DOI: 10.1037/edu0000105
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-166089
URL: http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-166089
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Datenanalyse; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Emotionaler Zustand; Kompetenz; Lehrer; Schüler; Schülerleistung; Sekundäranalyse; Selbsteinschätzung; Selbstkonzept; Unterstützung; Wahrnehmung; Zufriedenheit
Abstract (english): Studies investigating the effects of emotional exhaustion among teachers have primarily focused on its relations with teacher-related outcome variables but little research has been done for examining its relations with student outcomes. Therefore, this study examines the relations between teachers' emotional exhaustion and educational outcomes among students. Students' educational outcomes considered here cover a wide range of cognitive (i.e., achievement in terms of school grades and standardized achievement test scores) and noncognitive (competence self-perceptions, school satisfaction, and perceptions of teacher support) outcomes. The analyses are based on the PIRLS 2006 German data including 380 teachers and 7,899 4th grade students. The results demonstrated direct negative relations between teachers' emotional exhaustion and the class average of students' school grades, standardized achievement test scores, school satisfaction, and perceptions of teacher support, but not competence self-perceptions. At the individual student level, the results showed significant relations between noncognitive outcomes and academic achievement. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Beißert, Hanna M.; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Individual differences in moral development. Does intelligence really affect children's moral reasoning and moral emotions?
In: Frontiers in Psychology, (2016) , S. 7:1961
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01961
URL: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01961/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Psychology&id=223508
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Emotionale Entwicklung; Empirische Untersuchung; Grundschulalter; Intelligenz; Intelligenzmessung; Intelligenztest; Interview; Kind; Kognitive Entwicklung; Moral; Reliabilität; Urteilsbildung
Abstract (english): This study investigates the relationship between intelligence and individual differences in children's moral development across a range of different moral transgressions. Taking up prior research that showed morality and intelligence to be related in adolescents and adults, the current study wants to test if these findings can be extended to younger children. The study was designed to address some of the shortcomings in prior research by examining young children aged between 6 years; 4 months and 8 years; 10 months, using a broad concept of moral development including emotional aspects and applying an approach that is closely connected to children's daily lives. Participants (N = 129) completed a standardized intelligence test and were presented four moral transgression stories to assess moral development. Results demonstrated that findings from prior research with adolescents or adults cannot simply be extended to younger participants. No significant correlations of moral development and intelligence were found for any of the presented stories. This provides first evidence that - at least in middle childhood - moral developmental status seems to be independent from children's general intelligence assessed by figural inductive reasoning tests. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Dicke, Theresa; Holzberger, Doris; Kunina-Habenicht, Olga; Linninger, Christina; Schulze-Stocker, Franziska; Seidel, Tina; Terhart, Ewald; Leutner, Detlev; Kunter, Mareike
Titel: "Doppelter Praxisschock" auf dem Weg ins Lehramt? Verlauf und potentielle Einflussfaktoren emotionaler Erschöpfung während des Vorbereitungsdienstes und nach dem Berufseintritt
In: Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 63 (2016) 4, S. 244-257
DOI: 10.2378/peu2016.art20d
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Deutsch
Schlagwörter: Arbeitsbedingungen; Belastung; Berufsanfänger; Berufsanforderung; Bewältigung; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Emotionaler Zustand; Empirische Untersuchung; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Lehramt; Lehrerausbildung; Messung; Nordrhein-Westfalen; Praxis; Quasi-Experiment; Referendariat; Reform; Schule; Stress; Veränderung
Abstract: Lehrkräfte am Anfang ihrer Berufstätigkeit werden häufig mit einem hohen Beanspruchungsniveau und dem sogenannten Praxisschock assoziiert. Obwohl der in Deutschland durchgeführte Vorbereitungsdienst einen schonenden Einstieg gewährleisten soll, unterliegt dieser häufig Kritik, sodass im Jahr 2009 eine umfassende Reform des Vorbereitungsdienstes beschlossen wurde. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht daher in einem quasi-experimentellen (Vergleich der Kohorte vor der Reform mit der danach) Prä-Post-Post-Design den Verlauf und potenzielle Einflussfaktoren auf emotionale Erschöpfung zu Beginn (Messzeitpunkt 1) und Ende (Messzeitpunkt 2) des Vorbereitungsdienstes sowie nach dem Berufseintritt (Messzeitpunkt 3) für Lehramtsanwärterinnen und -anwärter in Nordrhein-Westfalen (N = 1749). Es zeigte sich nach Abnahme der emotionalen Erschöpfung im Verlauf des Vorbereitungsdienstes ein Anstieg während des ersten Jahres als Lehrkraft, was als Indiz für das Vorliegen eines zweiten Praxisschocks angesehen werden kann. In Bezug auf Einflussfaktoren der subjektiv empfundenen Beanspruchung scheinen weder die Reform des Vorbereitungsdienstes noch die Schulform, an der die Lehramtsanwärterinnen und -anwärter unterrichten, einen Einfluss zu haben. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english): Beginning teachers are often associated with high strain and the so called reality shock. Although the German teacher induction process is supposed to ensure a smooth transition to becoming a teacher it is often a subject to criticism. Thus, in 2009 a reform of teacher induction was initiated. Applying a quasi-experimental (contrasting the last cohort before and the first after reform) pre-post-post design the current study examines the development of emotional exhaustion at the beginning (Time 1) and end (Time 2) of induction time, and after having worked as fully licensed teacher for one year (Time 3) for beginning teachers in North Rhine-Westphalia (N = 1,749). Results of latent change models provided evidence for a second reality shock; following an initial decrease during induction time, emotional exhaustion increased after the first year of fully licensed teaching. Neither the reform nor school type revealed any influencing effects on this development. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Autor*innen: Kaspar, Roman; Hartig, Johannes
Titel: Emotional competencies in geriatric nursing. Empirical evidence from a computer based large scale assessment calibration study
In: Advances in Health Sciences Education, 21 (2016) 1, S. 105-109
DOI: 10.1007/s10459-015-9616-y
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Berufsanforderung; Berufsausbildung; Bewertung; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren; Deutschland; Emotionale Kompetenz; Empathie; Geriatrie; Item-Response-Theory; Krankenpflege; Krankenpflegeberuf; Professionalität; Test; Testkonstruktion
Abstract (english): The care of older people was described as involving substantial emotion-related affordances. Scholars in vocational training and nursing disagree whether emotion-related skills could be conceptualized and assessed as a professional competence. Studies on emotion work and empathy regularly neglect the multidimensionality of these phenomena and their relation to the care process, and are rarely conclusive with respect to nursing behavior in practice. To test the status of emotion-related skills as a facet of client-directed geriatric nursing competence, 402 final-year nursing students from 24 German schools responded to a 62-item computer-based test. 14 items were developed to represent emotion-related affordances. Multi-dimensional IRT modeling was employed to assess a potential subdomain structure. Emotion-related test items did not form a separate subdomain, and were found to be discriminating across the whole competence continuum. Tasks concerning emotion work and empathy are reliable indicators for various levels of client-directed nursing competence. Claims for a distinct emotion-related competence in geriatric nursing, however, appear excessive with a process-oriented perspective. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
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Autor*innen: Könen, Tanja; Dirk, Judith; Leonhardt, Anja; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: The interplay between sleep behavior and affect in elementary school children's daily life
In: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 150 (2016) , S. 1-15
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.04.003
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Alltag; Dauer; Deutschland; Emotionaler Zustand; Grundschulalter; Kind; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Mehrebenenanalyse; Qualität; Schlaf; Schlafstörung; Schuljahr 03; Schuljahr 04; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Recent reviews raised the idea of a bidirectional relation between sleep behavior and affect in adults, but little is known about this interplay in general and especially regarding children. In this micro-longitudinal study, the interplay of sleep and affect was captured directly in children's daily life context in and out of school through ambulatory assessment. For 31 consecutive days, 110 elementary school children (8-11 years old) provided information about their last night's sleep and reported their current affect at four daily occasions in school and at home on smartphones. A multilevel approach was used to analyze the relation between sleep and affect the next day (morning, noon, and afternoon) and the relation between evening affect and subsequent sleep. At the withinperson level, sleep quality was related to all observed facets of affect the next day and the strongest effects were found in the morning. The effect of sleep quality on positive affect was particularly pronounced for children who on average went to bed early and slept long. There were, however, no direct within-person effects of sleep quantity on affect. Furthermore, evening affect was related to subsequent sleep. The findings support the idea of a bidirectional relation between affect and sleep in children's daily life (including school). They suggest that good sleep provides a basis and resource for children's affective well-being the next day and demonstrate the importance of analyzing within-person variations of children's sleep. Micro-longitudinal findings can contribute to explain how macro-longitudinal relations between sleep and affect develop over time. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Kunter, Mareike; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel: Children at risk of poor educational outcomes. How educational research can support early identification and improve prevention
In: Journal for Educational Research Online, 8 (2016) 1, S. 3-6
DOI: 10.1007/s12187-014-9262-6
URL: http://www.j-e-r-o.com/index.php/jero/article/view/618/255
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Bibliografien/Rezensionen u.ä. (z.B. Linktipps)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Einführung; Emotionale Entwicklung; Empirische Forschung; Individuelle Förderung; Intervention; Legasthenie; Lernstörung; Qualität; Risikokind; Schüler; Soziale Entwicklung; Unterricht; Wirkung
Abstract (english): The editorial presents the papers of this special issue regarding children at risk of poor educational outcomes. The articles "provide a cross-section of the multifaceted research carried out within this framework. This research demonstrates the various theoretical and methodological approaches that can be used to tackle the question of how to provide support for students at risk." (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Leonhardt, Anja; Könen, Tanja; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: How differentiated do children experience affect? An investigation of the within- and between-person structure of children's affect
In: Psychological Assessment, 28 (2016) 5, S. 575-585
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Affekt; Befragung; Emotionale Kompetenz; Emotionaler Zustand; Faktorenanalyse; Grundschulalter; Kind; Kognitive Kompetenz; Modell; Schuljahr 03; Schuljahr 04; Selbstreflexion; Selbstregulation; Stimmung; Vergleich
Abstract: Research on the structure of children's affect is limited. It is possible that children's perception of their own affect might be less differentiated than that of adults. Support for the 2-factor model of positive and negative affect and the pleasure-arousal model suggests that children in middle childhood can distinguish positive and negative affect as well as valence and arousal. Whether children are able to differentiate further aspects of affect, as proposed by the 3-dimensional model of affect (good-bad mood, alertness-tiredness, calmness-tension), is an unresolved issue. The aim of our study was the comparison of these 3 affect models to establish how differentiated children experience their affect and which model best describes affect in children. We examined affect structures on the between- and within-person level, acknowledging that affect varies across time and that no valid interpretation of either level is feasible if both are confounded. For this purpose, 214 children (age 8 -11 years) answered affect items once a day for 5 consecutive days on smartphones. We tested all affect models by means of 2-level confirmatory factor analysis. Although all affect models had an acceptable fit, the 3-dimensional model best described affect in children on both the within- and between-person level. Thus, children in middle childhood can already describe affect in a differentiated way. Also, affect structures were similar on the within- and between-person level. We conclude that in order to acquire a thorough picture of children's affect, measures for children should include items of all 3 affect dimensions. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
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Autor*innen: Schukajlow, Stanislaw; Rakoczy, Katrin
Titel: The power of emotions. Can enjoyment and boredom explain the impact of individual preconditions and teaching methods on interest and performance in mathematics?
In: Learning and Instruction, 44 (2016) , S. 117-127
DOI: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.05.001
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Deutschland; Emotion; Empirische Untersuchung; Freude; Gesamtschule; Interesse; Interessentest; Langeweile; Leistungstest; Mathematikunterricht; Motivation; Schüler; Schülerleistung; Schuljahr 09; Wirkung
Abstract (english): We investigated students' emotions as intervening variables between teaching methods, motivational and performance prerequisites, and outcomes. 144 students from German schools were assigned to two conditions. In one condition, students were prompted to develop multiple solutions for modelling problems that were missing information. In the other condition, students had to find one solution for modelling problems that were not missing information. Students' interest and performance were measured before and after the 5-lesson teaching unit, and students' enjoyment and boredom were measured during the teaching unit. The path analyses revealed: (1) Students who developed more solutions enjoyed their mathematics lessons more and were less bored than students in the other condition; (2) Enjoyment affected students' interest and performance at posttest and mediated the effects of prompting them to find multiple solutions on interest at posttest; (3) Students' enjoyment during learning mediated the effects of prior interest on interest at posttest. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildungsqualität und Evaluation