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Does variability in cognitive performance correlate with frontal brain volume?
Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: NeuroImage | 2013
33147 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Lövdén, Martin; Schmiedek, Florian; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Raz, Naftali
Titel:
Does variability in cognitive performance correlate with frontal brain volume?
In:
NeuroImage, 22 (2013) 64, S. 209-215
DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.039
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811912009494
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Arbeitsgedächtnis; Hirnforschung; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Kompetenz; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistungsfähigkeit; Messung; Regressionsanalyse; Senior
Abstract:
Little is known about the neural correlates of within-person variability in cognitive performance. We investigated associations between regional brain volumes and trial-to-trial, block-to-block, and day-to-day variability in choice-reaction time, and episodic and working memory accuracy. Healthy younger (n=25) and older (n=18) adults underwent 101 daily assessments of cognitive performance, and their regional brain volumes were measured manually on magnetic resonance images. Results showed that smaller prefrontal white matter volumes were associated with higher block-to-block variability in choice-reaction time performance, with a stronger association observed among older adults. Smaller volumes of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex covaried with higher block-to-block variability in episodic memory (number-word pair) performance. This association was stronger for younger adults. The observed associations between variability and brain volume were not due to individual differences in mean performance. Trial-to-trial and day-to-day variability in cognitive performance were unrelated to regional brain volume. We thus report novel findings demonstrating that block-by-block variability in cognitive performance is associated with integrity of the prefrontal regions and that between-person differences in different measures of variability of cognitive performance reflect different age-related constellations of behavioral and neural antecedents.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Grey matter alterations co-localize with functional abnormalities in developmental dyslexia. An ALE […]
Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Lonnemann, Jan; Lindberg, Sven; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Fiebach, Christian J.
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: PLoSOne | 2012
32841 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Lonnemann, Jan; Lindberg, Sven; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Fiebach, Christian J.
Titel:
Grey matter alterations co-localize with functional abnormalities in developmental dyslexia. An ALE meta-analysis
In:
PLoSOne, 7 (2012) 8, S. e43122
URL:
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0043122
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Lesestörung; Metaanalyse; Neurophysiologie; Phonologie
Abstract (english):
The neural correlates of developmental dyslexia have been investigated intensively over the last two decades and reliable evidence for a dysfunction of left-hemispheric reading systems in dyslexic readers has been found in functional neuroimaging studies. In addition, structural imaging studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated grey matter reductions in dyslexics in several brain regions. To objectively assess the consistency of these findings, we performed activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on nine published VBM studies reporting 62 foci of grey matter reduction in dyslexic readers. We found six significant clusters of convergence in bilateral temporo-parietal and left occipito-temporal cortical regions and in the cerebellum bilaterally. To identify possible overlaps between structural and functional deviations in dyslexic readers, we conducted additional ALE meta-analyses of imaging studies reporting functional underactivations (125 foci from 24 studies) or overactivations (95 foci from 11 studies ) in dyslexics. Subsequent conjunction analyses revealed overlaps between the results of the VBM meta-analysis and the meta-analysis of functional underactivations in the fusiform and supramarginal gyri of the left hemisphere. An overlap between VBM results and the meta-analysis of functional overactivations was found in the left cerebellum. The results of our study provide evidence for consistent grey matter variations bilaterally in the dyslexic brain and substantial overlap of these structural variations with functional abnormalities in left hemispheric regions.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Micro and macro pattern analyses of FMRI data support both early and late interaction of numerical […]
Koten, Jan Willem; Lonnemann, Jan; Willmes, Klaus; Knops, André
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience | 2011
32096 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Koten, Jan Willem; Lonnemann, Jan; Willmes, Klaus; Knops, André
Titel:
Micro and macro pattern analyses of FMRI data support both early and late interaction of numerical and spatial information
In:
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, (2011) , S. 5:115
DOI:
10.3389/fnhum.2011.00115/full
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00115/full
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Clusteranalyse; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Hirnforschung; Kognitive Prozesse; Neuropsychologie; Raumvorstellung; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Zahlensystem
Abstract (english):
Numbers and space are two semantic primitives that interact with each other. Both recruit brain regions along the dorsal pathway, notably parietal cortex. This makes parietal cor- tex a candidate for the origin of numerical spatial interaction. The underlying cognitive architecture of the interaction is still under scrutiny. Two classes of explanations can be dis- tinguished. The early interaction approach assumes that numerical and spatial information are integrated into a single representation at a semantic level. A second approach pos- tulates independent semantic representations. Only at the stage of response selection and preparation these two streams interact. In this study we used a numerical landmark task to identify the locus of the interaction between numbers and space. While lying in an MR scanner participants decided on the smaller of two numerical intervals in a visually presented number triplet. The spatial position of the middle number was varied; hence spatial intervals were congruent or incongruent with the numerical intervals. Responses in incongruent trials were slower and less accurate than in congruent trials. By combining across-vertex correlations (micro pattern) with a cluster analysis (macro pattern) we identi- fied large-scale networks that were devoted to number processing, eye movements, and sensory motor functions. Using support vector classification in different regions of inter- est along the intraparietal sulcus, the frontal eye fields, and supplementary motor area we were able to distinguish between congruent and incongruent trials in each of the networks. We suggest that the identified networks participate in the integration of numerical and spa- tial information and that the exclusive assumption of either an early or a late interaction between numerical and spatial information does not do justice to the complex interaction between both dimensions.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Event-related brain potential correlates of identity negative priming from overlapping pictures
Behrendt, Jörg; Gibbons, Henning; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Ihrke, Matthias; Herrmann, J. Michael; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychophysiology | 2010
30106 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Behrendt, Jörg; Gibbons, Henning; Schrobsdorff, Hecke; Ihrke, Matthias; Herrmann, J. Michael; Hasselhorn, Marcus
Titel:
Event-related brain potential correlates of identity negative priming from overlapping pictures
In:
Psychophysiology, 47 (2010) 5, S. 921-930
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00989.x
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00989.x
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Gedächtnis; Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Identifikation (Psychologie); Kognitive Prozesse; Neuropsychologie; Reaktion; Test; Wahrnehmung
Abstract (english):
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained from an identity priming task, where a green target had to be selected¤against a superimposed red distractor. Several priming conditions were realized in a mix of control ( CO), negative¤priming (NP), and positive priming (PP) trials. PP and NP effects in reaction times (RTs) were significant. ERP results¤conceptually replicate earlier findings of left-posterior P300 reduction in PP and NP trials compared to CO. This ERP¤effect may reflect the detection of prime-probe similarity corresponding to the concept of a retrieval cue. A novel¤finding concerned amplitude increase of the frontal late positive complex (LPC) in the order NP, CO, and PP. NP¤therefore seemed to induce brain activity related to cognitive control and/or memory processes, with reduced LPC¤amplitude indicating effortful processing. Overall, retrieval-based explanations of identity NP are supported. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Experience-dependent plasticity of white-matter microstructure extends into old age
Lövdén, Martin; Bodammer, Nils Christian; Kühn, Simone; Kaufmann, Jörn; Schütze, Hartmut; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Neuropsychologia | 2010
31077 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Lövdén, Martin; Bodammer, Nils Christian; Kühn, Simone; Kaufmann, Jörn; Schütze, Hartmut; Tempelmann, Claus; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Düzel, Emrah; Schmiedek, Florian; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel:
Experience-dependent plasticity of white-matter microstructure extends into old age
In:
Neuropsychologia, 48 (2010) 13, S. 3878-3883
DOI:
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.026
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.026
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Erfahrung; Erwachsener; Gedächtnis; Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Kognitive Prozesse; Messung; Test; Wahrnehmung; Zeit
Abstract (english):
Experience-dependent alterations in the human brains white-matter microstructure occur in early adult-hood, but it is unknown whether such plasticity extends throughout life.We used cognitive training, diffusion- tensor imaging(DTI),and structura lMRI to investigate plasticity of the white- mattertracts that connect the left and right hemisphere of the frontallobes. Over a period of about 180days, 20 younger adults and 12 older adults trained for a total of one hundred and one -1h sessions on a set¤of three working memory, three episodicmemory,and six perceptual speedtasks. Control groups were assessed at pre-and post-test. Training affected several DTI metrics and increased the area of the anterior part of the corpuscallosum. These alterations were of similar magnitude in younger and older adults. The findings indicate that experience-dependent plasticity of white- mattermicrostructure extends into old age and that disruptions of structural interhemispheric connectivity in old age, which are pronounced in aging, are modifiable by experience and amenable to treatment.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
A theoretical framework for the study of adult cognitive plasticity
Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Bäckmann, Lars; Schäfer, Sabine; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychological Bulletin | 2010
30100 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Bäckmann, Lars; Schäfer, Sabine; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
A theoretical framework for the study of adult cognitive plasticity
In:
Psychological Bulletin, 136 (2010) 4, S. 659-676
DOI:
10.1037/a0020080
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020080
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Empirische Forschung; Erwachsener; Flexibilität; Gerontologie; Hirnforschung; Hirnfunktion; Kognitive Entwicklung; Kognitive Fähigkeit; Konzeption; Reaktion; Training; Verhaltensänderung
Abstract (english):
Does plasticity contribute to adult cognitive development, and if so, in what ways? The vague and overused concept of plasticity makes these controversial questions difficult to answer. In this article, we refine the notion of adult cognitive plasticity and sharpen its conceptual distinctiveness. According to our framework, adult cognitive plasticity is driven by a prolonged mismatch between functional organismic supplies and environmental demands and denotes the brain's capacity for anatomically implementing reactive changes in behavioral flexibility (i.e., the possible range of performance and function). We distinguish between 2 interconnected but distinct cognitive outcomes of adult cognitive plasticity: alterations in processing efficiency and alterations in representations. We demonstrate the usefulness of our framework in evaluating and interpreting (a) increments in frontal brain activations in the course of normal aging and (b) the effects of cognitive training in adulthood and old age. Finally, we outline new research questions and predictions generated by the present framework and recommend design features for future cognitive-training studies. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne; Frith, Uta: The Learning Brain - Lessons for Education
Plath, Ingrid
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Report Psychologie | 2006
6962 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Plath, Ingrid
Titel:
Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne; Frith, Uta: The Learning Brain - Lessons for Education
In:
Report Psychologie, 31 (2006) 1, S. 17
Dokumenttyp:
3b. Beiträge in weiteren Zeitschriften; Bibliographien/Rezensionen u.ä. (z.B. Linktipps)
Sprache:
Deutsch
Schlagwörter:
Lernen; Hirnforschung; Hirnfunktion; Denken; Neurobiologie; Rezension
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Kultur
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