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Assessing affect in adolescents with e-diaries. Multilevel confirmatory factor analyses of […]
Limberger, Matthias F.; Schmiedek, Florian; Santangelo, Philip S.; Reichert, Markus; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Frontiers in Psychology | 2023
44303 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Limberger, Matthias F.; Schmiedek, Florian; Santangelo, Philip S.; Reichert, Markus; Wieland, Lena M.; Berhe, Oksana; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Tost, Heike; Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich
Titel:
Assessing affect in adolescents with e-diaries. Multilevel confirmatory factor analyses of different factor models
In:
Frontiers in Psychology, 14 (2023) , S. 1061229
DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1061229
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1061229/full
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
In the last two decades, e-diary studies have gained increasing interest, with a dominant focus on mood and affect. Although requested in current guidelines, psychometric properties are rarely reported, and methodological investigations of factor structure, model fit, and the reliability of mood and affect assessment are limited. We used a seven-day e-diary dataset of 189 adolescent participants (12-17 years). The e-diary affect assessments revealed a considerable portion of within-person variance. The six-factor model showed the best model fit compared to the less complex models. Factor loadings also improved with the complexity of the models. Accordingly, we recommend that future e-diary studies of adolescents use the six-factor model of affect as well as reporting psychometric properties and model fit. For future e-diary scale development, we recommend using a minimum of three items per scale to enable the use of confirmatory multilevel factor analyses.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Lifespan effects of current age and of age the time of remembered events on the affective tone of […]
Martin, Theresa; Kemper, Nina F.; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Memory & Cognition | 2023
44301 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Martin, Theresa; Kemper, Nina F.; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Titel:
Lifespan effects of current age and of age the time of remembered events on the affective tone of life narrative memories. Early adolescence and older age are more negative
In:
Memory & Cognition, 51 (2023) 6, S. 1265-1286
DOI:
10.3758/s13421-023-01401-x
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
The affective tone of autobiographical memories may be influenced by age in two ways-by the current age of the remembering individual and by the age of the remembered self at the time of the remembered event. While aging has been associated with more positive autobiographical memories, young adulthood is remembered more positively than other parts of life. We tested whether these effects also show in life story memories and how they act jointly on affective tone; also, we wanted to explore their effects on remembered lifetimes other than early adulthood. We tested effects of current age and age at event on affective tone with brief entire life narratives provided up to five times across 16 years by 172 Germans of both genders, ages 8 to 81 years. Multilevel analyses found an unexpected negativity effect of aging for current age and confirmed a "golden 20s" effect of remembered age. In addition, women told more negative life stories, and affective tone dipped in early adolescence for current age and was remembered as such up to mid-adulthood. Thus, the affective tone of life story memories is jointly influenced by current and remembered age. The absence of a positivity effect in aging is explained by the specific requirements of telling an entire life. We suggest the turmoil of puberty as a reason for the early adolescence dip. Gender differences are potentially explained by differences in narrative style, in depression rates, and in real-life challenges.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Active time use and well-being in older adulthood. Results from a day reconstruction method study
Möwisch, Dave; Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Work, Aging and Retirement | 2023
42839 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Möwisch, Dave; Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Active time use and well-being in older adulthood. Results from a day reconstruction method study
In:
Work, Aging and Retirement, 9 (2023) 1, S. 7-18
DOI:
10.1093/workar/waab030
URL:
https://academic.oup.com/workar/article-abstract/9/1/7/6537005?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
Active time use is considered to be one of the keys to successful aging. Previous studies have investigated the influence of various activities on subjective well-being (SWB) and health in later life. As different activities have often been investigated in isolation, showing only minor influences of each activity on well-being, a more global measure of active time use might show a stronger relation to well-being. Moreover, empirical evidence is still insufficient regarding the relationship between active time use and SWB in very old age and regarding the impact of socioeconomic factors that can hinder or promote active time use. Therefore, we examined (1) the association between active time use and SWB using information from the day reconstruction method (DRM) as a more global approach to active time use; (2) the association between active time use and SWB until very old age, and (3) income and education as relevant correlates for active time use. The results indicated that a global measure of active time use was associated with higher levels of SWB. This pattern was present until very old age for several dimensions of negative affect (NA). Finally, higher levels of income and education were associated with a higher level of active time use, potentially pointing at contextual constraints of active time use. In sum, the results show that a global index for measuring active time use provides a comprehensive insight into the relationship between time use and SWB, and we suggest that it should be considered in further studies. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
How within-person effects shape-between person differences. A multilevel structural equation […]
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychological Methods | 2023
42745 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
How within-person effects shape-between person differences. A multilevel structural equation modeling perspective
In:
Psychological Methods, (2023) , S. 1069-1086
DOI:
10.1037/met0000481
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
Various theoretical accounts suggest that within-person effects relating to everyday experiences (assessed, e.g., via experience sampling studies or daily diary studies) are a central element for understanding between-person differences in future outcomes. In this regard, it is often assumed that the within-person effect of a time-varying predictor X on a time-varying mediator M contributes to the long-term development in an outcome variable Y. In the present work, we demonstrate that traditional multilevel mediation approaches fall short in capturing the proposed mechanism, however. We suggest that a model in which between-person differences in the strength of within-person effects predict the outcome Y mediated via mean levels in M more adequately aligns with the presumed theoretical account that within-person effects shape between-person differences. Using simulated data, we show that the central parameters of this multilevel structural equation model can be recovered well in most of the investigated scenarios. Our approach has important implications for whether or not to control for mean levels in models with within-person effects as predictors. We illustrate the model using empirical data targeting the question if the within-person association of occurrence of daily stressors (X) with daily experiences of negative affect (M) longitudinally predicts between-person differences in change in depressive symptoms (Y). Implications for other multilevel designs and intervention studies are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Approaching academic adjustment on multiple time scales. Eine Annäherung an Anpassungsprozesse in […]
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft | 2023
44070 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Approaching academic adjustment on multiple time scales. Eine Annäherung an Anpassungsprozesse in Bildungskontexten auf verschiedenen zeitlichen Ebenen
In:
Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, (2023) 27, S. 147-168
DOI:
10.1007/s11618-023-01182-8
URL:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11618-023-01182-8
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
In der Bildungsforschung wird der Prozess sozioemotionaler Anpassung häufig über Panel-Studien mit wiederholten Messungen über Monate und Jahre untersucht. Intensive Längsschnittdesigns wie Tagebuchstudien oder experience sampling Studien erlauben, diesen Prozess auf einer zeitlich kürzeren Ebene abzubilden. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir anhand eines empirischen Beispiels, dass diese beiden Ansätze ähnliche, aber nicht redundante Informationen zum Prozess sozioemotionaler Anpassung bei Studierenden liefern. Ergebnisse aus einer intensiv-längsschnittlichen Studie mit 250 Studierenden zeigten (a) Mittelwertsunterschiede in berichteter Studienzufriedenheit in Abhängigkeit der zeitlichen Auflösung der Erfassung, (b) differenzielle Veränderung in Studienzufriedenheit über sieben Wochen in einem Semester, und (c) die prognostische Validität von wiederholten, wöchentlichen Messungen der Studienzufriedenheit bei der Vorhersage von retrospektiver Studienzufriedenheit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen den Nutzen der Kombination von Panel-Studien mit intensiven Längsschnittdesigns auf. Implikationen für die Erfassung von momentanem Erleben, erinnertem Erleben und Selbstüberzeugungen werden diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
Abstract (english):
In educational research, the process of socioemotional adaptation is often examined using panel studies with repeated assessments across months or years. Intensive longitudinal designs (e.g., daily diaries or experience sampling methods) allow to target this process on a shorter time scale (e.g., from day to day or week to week). In this contribution, we demonstrate that these two approaches yield similar but not interchangeable information about the process of socioemotional adaptation in university students. Results of an intensive longitudinal study with 250 university students revealed (a) mean level differences in reported study satisfaction depending on the time frame of the assessment, (b) differential change in study satisfaction for daily vs. weekly ratings across seven weeks in one semester, and (c) the prognostic utility of repeated weekly assessments of study satisfaction for retrospective assessments of study satisfaction. Findings illustrate the benefit of combining panel studies with intensive longitudinal studies. Implications for the assessment of experiences, memories of experiences, and global self-beliefs are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Individual differences in revising the life story. Personality and event characteristics influence […]
Peters, Isabel; Kemper, Nina F.; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Journal of Personality | 2023
43684 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Peters, Isabel; Kemper, Nina F.; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Titel:
Individual differences in revising the life story. Personality and event characteristics influence change in the autobiographical meaning of life events
In:
Journal of Personality, (2023) 91, S. 1207-1222
DOI:
10.1111/jopy.12793
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
Objective: Repeated autobiographical narratives have recently received increased attention as measures of the stability of narrative identity. We propose that one way to map change in life narratives is to rate the degree to which the autobiographical meaning of renarrated events changes. We aimed to test the influence of age, traits (openness, extraversion), and event characteristics on how much autobiographical meaning changes. Method: In waves 3 and 4 of the MainLife study, 123 participants (15-72 years) narrated their lives twice, 4 years apart. Life events that were told both times were rated for change in autobiographical meaning (n = 531). Multilevel models tested individual and event characteristics as predictors. Results: Autobiographical meaning changed more the more individuals were open to experience, the more recently the events had happened, and the more negative emotions the event narratives contained. It was unrelated to extraversion and to the use of autobiographical arguments. A decrease in change with age was due to older individuals narrating older events. Conclusion: Our findings add to understanding how traits and life story are related and underscore the need to further study the role of event characteristics for stability and change in narrative identity. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
General cognitive ability assessment in the German National Cohort (NAKO) The block-adaptive number […]
Schmiedek, Florian; Kroehne, Ulf; Goldhammer, Frank; Prindle, John J.
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry | 2023
42691 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Schmiedek, Florian; Kroehne, Ulf; Goldhammer, Frank; Prindle, John J.
Titel:
General cognitive ability assessment in the German National Cohort (NAKO) The block-adaptive number series task
In:
World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24 (2023) 10, S. 924-935
DOI:
10.1080/15622975.2021.2011407
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
Objectives. Evaluate the block-adaptive number series task of reasoning, as a time-efficient proxy of general cognitive ability in the Level-2 sample of the German National Cohort (NAKO), a population-based mega cohort. Methods. The number series task consisted of two blocks of three items each, administered as part of the touchscreen-based assessment. Based on performance on the first three items, a second block of appropriate difficulty was automatically administered. Scoring of performance was based on the Rasch model. Relations of performance scores to age, sex, education, study centre, language proficiency, and scores on other cognitive tasks were examined. Results. Except for one very difficult item, the data of the remaining 14 items showed sufficient fit to the Rasch model (Infit: 0.89-1.04; Outfit: 0.80-1.08). The resulting performance scores (N = 21,056) had a distribution that was truncated at very high levels of ability. The reliability of the performance estimates was satisfactory. Relations to age, sex, education, and the executive function factor of the other cognitive tasks in the NAKO supported the validity. Conclusions. The number series task provides a valid proxy of general cognitive ability for the Level-2 sample of the NAKO, based on a highly time-efficient assessment procedure. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung; Lehr und Lernqualität in Bildungseinrichtungen
Practice-related changes in perceptual evidence accumulation correlate with changes in working […]
Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Ratcliff, Roger; Lindenberger, Ulman
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General | 2023
43393 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Ratcliff, Roger; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel:
Practice-related changes in perceptual evidence accumulation correlate with changes in working memory
In:
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152 (2023) 3, S. 763-779
DOI:
10.1037/xge0001290
URL:
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2023-03396-001
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
It has been proposed that evidence accumulation determines not only the speed and accuracy of simple perceptual decisions but also influences performance on tasks assessing higher-order cognitive abilities, such as working memory (WM). Accordingly, estimates of evidence accumulation based on diffusion decision modeling of perceptual decision-making tasks have been found to correlate with WM performance. Here we use diffusion decision modeling in combination with latent factor modeling to test the stronger prediction that practice-induced changes in evidence accumulation correlate with changes in WM performance. Analyses are based on data from the COGITO Study, in which 101 young adults practiced a battery of cognitive tasks, including three simple two-choice reaction time tasks and three WM tasks, in 100 day-to-day training sessions distributed over 6 months. In initial analyses, drift rates were found to correlate across the three choice tasks, such that latent factors of evidence accumulation could be established. These latent factors of evidence accumulation were positively correlated with latent factors of practiced and unpracticed WM tasks, both before and after practice. As predicted, individual differences in changes of evidence accumulation correlated positively with changes in WM performance. Our findings support the proposition that decision making and WM both rely on the active maintenance of task-relevant internal representations. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Lifetime and current depression in the German National Cohort (NAKO)
Streit, Fabian; Zillich, Lea; Frank, Josef; Kleineidam, Luca; Wagner, Michael; Baune, Bernhard T.; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry | 2023
42841 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Streit, Fabian; Zillich, Lea; Frank, Josef; Kleineidam, Luca; Wagner, Michael; Baune, Bernhard T.; Klinger-König, Johanna; Grabe, Hans J.; Pabst, Alexander; RiedelHeller, Steffi G.; Schmiedek, Florian; Schmidt, Börge; Erhardt, Angelika; Deckert, Jürgen; Rietschel, Marcella; Berger, Klaus
Titel:
Lifetime and current depression in the German National Cohort (NAKO)
In:
World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24 (2023) 10, S. 865-880
DOI:
10.1080/15622975.2021.2014152
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
Objectives: The present study introduces the assessment of depression and depressive symptoms in the German National Cohort (NAKO), a population-based mega cohort. Distribution of core measures, and associations with sociodemographic factors are examined. Methods: The current analysis includes data from the first 101,667 participants (NAKO data freeze 100,000). Depression and depressive symptoms were assessed using a modified version of the depression section of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), selfreported physician's diagnosis of depression, and the depression scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: A lifetime physician's diagnosis of depression was reported by 15.0% of participants. Of those, 47.6% reported having received treatment for depression within the last 12 months. Of the subset of 26,342 participants undergoing the full depression section of the modified MINI, 15.9% were classified by the MINI with a lifetime depressive episode. Based on the PHQ-9, 5.8% of the participants were classified as currently having a major or other depression by the diagnostic algorithm, and 7.8% according to the dimensional assessment (score 10). Increased frequency of depression measures and higher depression scores were observed in women and participants with lower education level or a family history of depression. Conclusions: The observed distributions of all depression measures and their associations with sociodemographic variables are consistent with the literature on depression. The NAKO represents a valuable epidemiologic resource to investigate depression, and the range of measures for lifetime and current depression allows users to select the most suitable instrument for their specific research question.
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Day‐to‐day variation in students' academic Success. The role of self‐regulation, working memory, […]
Blume, Friederike; Irmer, Andrea; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Developmental Science | 2022
42883 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Blume, Friederike; Irmer, Andrea; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Day‐to‐day variation in students' academic Success. The role of self‐regulation, working memory, and achievement goals
In:
Developmental Science, 25 (2022) 6, S. e13301
DOI:
10.1111/desc.13301
URL:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/desc.13301
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache:
Englisch
Abstract:
Self-regulation was found to be positively associated with school performance. Interrelations between self-regulation, working memory (WM), and achievement goals, in particular mastery goals, have been established, as well as associations with academic outcomes. It stands to reason that self-regulation, WM, achievement goals, and academic success are related on a daily level. However, previous research rarely considered this level of analysis. Here, we therefore addressed the relations of daily self-regulation, WM, and achievement goals, and their relevance for daily and general academic success. Data were obtained through ambulatory assessments in 90 students before (Study 1; Mage = 9.83, SDage = 0.50) and 108 students after their transition to secondary school (Study 2; Mage = 10.12, SDage = 0.45) across 20 school days. Students reported about daily achievement goals prior to school, self-regulation at school, and perceived academic success after school, as well as report card grades. Daily WM was assessed at school. Study 1 showed positive associations between daily mastery goals and self-regulation, but not with WM. Together, daily performance-approach goals and self-regulation, but not other goals or WM uniquely contributed to daily perceived academic success. Study 2 showed positive associations between daily mastery goals and self-regulation, but not with WM. Average daily mastery goals predicted daily WM. Together, daily mastery goals and self-regulation, but not WM, uniquely contributed to daily perceived academic success. In both studies, average levels of WM, but not achievement goals or self-regulation predicted report card grades. Results thus corroborate theoretical considerations on the importance of distinguishing self-regulation processes at between- and within-person levels. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
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