-
-
Autor*innen: Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Jurcoane, Alina; Lindberg, Sven; Kaiser, Jochen; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Fiebach, Christian J.; Lonnemann, Jan
Titel: The association between gray matter volume and reading proficiency. A longitudinal study of beginning readers
In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27 (2015) 2, S. 308-318
DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00710
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-179838
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/17983/pdf/JoCN_2015_2_Linkersdoerfer_et_al_The_association_between_gray_matter_volume_and_reading_proficiency_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Deutschland; Entwicklung; Gehirn; Grundschüler; Hessen; Hirnforschung; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Lesefertigkeit; Lesenlernen; Leseunterricht; Messung; Neurophysiologie; Physiologie
Abstract: Neural systems involved in the processing of written language have been identified by a number of functional imaging studies. Structural changes in cortical anatomy that occur in the course of literacy acquisition, however, remain largely unknown. Here, [the authors] follow elementary school children over their first 2 years of formal reading instruction and use tensor-based morphometry to relate reading proficiency to cortical volume at baseline and follow-up measurement as well as to intraindividual longitudinal volume development between the two measurement time points. A positive relationship was found between baseline gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and subsequent changes in reading proficiency. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between reading proficiency at the second measurement time point and intraindividual cortical volume development in the inferior parietal lobule and the precentral and postcentral gyri of the left hemisphere. These results are interpreted as evidence that reading acquisition is associated with preexisting structural differences as well as with experience-dependent structural changes involving dendritic and synaptic pruning. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Werkle-Bergner, Markus; Grandy, Thomas H.; Chicherio, Christian; Schmiedek, Florian; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman
Titel: Coordinated within-trial dynamics of low-frequency neural rhythms controls evidence accumulation
In: Journal of Neuroscience, 34 (2014) 25, S. 8519-8528
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3801-13.2014
URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-191034
URL: http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/19103/pdf/J_Neuroscience_2014_25_Werkle-Bergner_et_al_Coordinated_within-trial_dynamics_of_low-frequency_neural_rhythms_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Arbeitsgedächtnis; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Entscheidung; Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Kognitive Kompetenz; Kognitive Prozesse; Neurowissenschaften; Test; Verhalten
Abstract: Higher cognitive functions, such as human perceptual decision making, require information processing and transmission across widespread cortical networks. Temporally synchronized neural firing patterns are advantageous for efficiently representing and transmitting information within and between assemblies. Computational, empirical, and conceptual considerations all lead to the expectation that the informational redundancy of neural firing rates is positively related to their synchronization. Recent theorizing and initial evidence also suggest that the coding of stimulus characteristics and their integration with behavioral goal states require neural interactions across a hierarchy of timescales. However, most studies thus have focused on neural activity in a single frequency range or on a restricted set of brain regions. Here we provide evidence for cooperative spatiotemporal dynamics of slow and fast EEGsignals during perceptual decision making at the single-trial level. Participants performed three masked two-choice decision tasks, one each with numerical, verbal, or figural content. Decrements in posterior power (8 -14 Hz) were paralleled by increments in high-frequency (>30 Hz) signal entropy in trials demanding active sensory processing. Simultaneously, frontocentral power (4 -7 Hz) increased, indicating evidence integration. The coordinated a/0 dynamics were tightly linked to decision speed and remarkably similar across tasks, suggesting a domain-general mechanism. In sum, we demonstrate an inverse association between decision-related changes in widespread low-frequency power and local high-frequency entropy. The cooperation among mechanisms captured by these changes enhances the informational density of neural response patterns and qualifies as a neural coding system in the service of perceptual decision making.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Kühn, Simone; Schmiedek, Florian; Noack, Hannes; Wenger, Elisabeth; Bodammer, Nils C.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövden, Martin
Titel: The dynamics of change in striatal activity following updating training
In: Human Brain Mapping, 34 (2013) 7, S. 1530-1541
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22007
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Aktivität; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Gehirn; Messung; Neurophysiologie; Training
Abstract: Increases in striatal activity have been suggested to mediate training-related improvements
in working-memory ability. We investigated the temporal dynamics of changes in task-related brain
activity following training of working memory. Participants in an experimental group and an active
control group, trained on easier tasks of a constant difficulty in shorter sessions than the experimental
group, were measured before, after about 1 week, and after more than 50 days of training. In the experimental
group an initial increase of working-memory related activity in the functionally defined
right striatum and anatomically defined right and left putamen was followed by decreases, resulting in
an inverted u-shape function that relates activity to training over time. Activity increases in the striatum
developed slower in the active control group, observed at the second posttest after more than 50
days of training. In the functionally defined left striatum, initial activity increases were maintained after
more extensive training and the pattern was similar for the two groups. These results shed new
light on the relation between activity in the striatum (especially the putamen) and the effects of working
memory training, and illustrate the importance of multiple measurements for interpreting effects
of training on regional brain activity.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Raz, Naftali; Schmiedek, Florian; Rodrigue, Karen M.; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövdén, Martin
Titel: Differential brain shrinkage over 6 months shows limited association with cognitive practice
In: Brain and Cognition, 82 (2013) 2, S. 171-180
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Berlin; Deutschland; Gehirn; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Prozesse; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Lebensalter; Senior; Training; Veränderung
Abstract: The brain shrinks with age, but the timing of this process and the extent of its malleability are unclear.
We measured changes in regional brain volumes in younger (age 20-31) and older (age 65-80) adults
twice over a 6 months period, and examined the association between changes in volume, history of
hypertension, and cognitive training. Between two MRI scans, 49 participants underwent intensive practice
in three cognitive domains for 100 consecutive days, whereas 23 control group members performed
no laboratory cognitive tasks. Regional volumes of seven brain structures were measured manually and
adjusted for intracranial volume. We observed significant mean shrinkage in the lateral prefrontal cortex,
the hippocampus, the caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum, but no reliable mean change of the prefrontal
white matter, orbital-frontal cortex, and the primary visual cortex. Individual differences in change were
reliable in all regions. History of hypertension was associated with greater cerebellar shrinkage. The cerebellum
was the only region in which significantly reduced shrinkage was apparent in the experimental
group after completion of cognitive training. Thus, in healthy adults, differential brain shrinkage can be
observed in a narrow time window, vascular risk may aggravate it, and intensive cognitive activity may
have a limited effect on it.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Sasse, Nadine; Gibbons, Henning; Wilson, Lindsay; Martinez-Olivera, Ramon; Schmidt, Holger; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Steinbüchel, Nicole von; Wild, Klaus von
Titel: Self-awareness and health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 28 (2013) 6, S. 464-472
DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e318263977d
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Angst; Befragung; Depression; Emotion; Gehirnschädigung; Kognitive Prozesse; Kranker; Lebensqualität; Messung; Regressionsanalyse; Rehabilitation; Selbsteinschätzung; Stimmung; Therapie; Trauma <Psy>; Wahrnehmung; Wohlbefinden
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relations among self-awareness (SA), impaired SA, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: One hundred forty-one adults hospitalized with TBI and their significant others from a cross-sectional multicenter study. Using Glasgow Coma Scale classification, 32 participants had severe injuries, 29 moderate, 44 mild, and 25 complicated mild TBI. Measures: Patient Competency Rating Scale for Neurorehabilitation; Short Form-36 Health Survey; Cognitive Quality of Life; Quality Of Life after Brain Injury; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Profile of Mood States; Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended. Method: Patient Competency Rating Scale for Neurorehabilitation ratings made by participants and their significant others were used to assess SA and discrepancies between the 2 ratings were used to define impaired SA. Results: Significant associations were identified between SA and HRQOL, anxiety, depression, and severity of injury. Participants with and without impaired SA differed in cognitive HRQOL and leisure activities. Using multiple regression, no direct predictors of SA were identified, although interaction effects were observed. Conclusion: After TBI, lower SA is associated with higher estimates of HRQOL, particularly in the cognitive domain. Although the associations are modest, the assessment of SA should play a role in the interpretation of reported HRQOL after TBI.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Lonnemann, Jan; Lindberg, Sven; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Fiebach, Christian J.
Titel: Grey matter alterations co-localize with functional abnormalities in developmental dyslexia. An ALE meta-analysis
In: PLoSOne, 7 (2012) 8, S. e43122
URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0043122
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Gehirn; Hirnforschung; Lesestörung; Metaanalyse; Neurophysiologie; Phonologie
Abstract (english): The neural correlates of developmental dyslexia have been investigated intensively over the last two decades and reliable evidence for a dysfunction of left-hemispheric reading systems in dyslexic readers has been found in functional neuroimaging studies. In addition, structural imaging studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated grey matter reductions in dyslexics in several brain regions. To objectively assess the consistency of these findings, we performed activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on nine published VBM studies reporting 62 foci of grey matter reduction in dyslexic readers. We found six significant clusters of convergence in bilateral temporo-parietal and left occipito-temporal cortical regions and in the cerebellum bilaterally. To identify possible overlaps between structural and functional deviations in dyslexic readers, we conducted additional ALE meta-analyses of imaging studies reporting functional underactivations (125 foci from 24 studies) or overactivations (95 foci from 11 studies ) in dyslexics. Subsequent conjunction analyses revealed overlaps between the results of the VBM meta-analysis and the meta-analysis of functional underactivations in the fusiform and supramarginal gyri of the left hemisphere. An overlap between VBM results and the meta-analysis of functional overactivations was found in the left cerebellum. The results of our study provide evidence for consistent grey matter variations bilaterally in the dyslexic brain and substantial overlap of these structural variations with functional abnormalities in left hemispheric regions.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Benedek, Mathias; Bergner, Sabine; Könen, Tanja; Fink, Andreas; Neubauer, Aljoscha C.
Titel: EEG alpha synchronization is related to top-down processing in convergent and divergent thinking
In: Neuropsychologia, 49 (2011) 12, S. 3505-3511
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.004
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.004
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Denken; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Gehirn; Kognitive Prozesse; Kreativität; Neuropsychologie; Testaufgabe
Abstract (english): Synchronization of EEG alpha activity has been referred to as being indicative of cortical idling, but according to more recent evidence it has also been associated with active internal processing and creative thinking. The main objective of this study was to investigate to what extent EEG alpha synchronization is related to internal processing demands and to specific cognitive process involved in creative thinking. To this end, EEG was measured during a convergent and a divergent thinking task (i.e., creativity-related task) which once were processed involving low and once involving high internal processing demands. High internal processing demands were established by masking the stimulus (after encoding) and thus preventing further bottom-up processing. Frontal alpha synchronization was observed during convergent and divergent thinking only under exclusive top-down control (high internal processing demands), but not when bottom-up processing was allowed (low internal processing demands). We conclude that frontal alpha synchronization is related to top-down control rather than to specific creativity-related cognitive processes. Frontal alpha synchronization, which has been observed in a variety of different creativity tasks, thus may not reflect a brain state that is specific for creative cognition but can probably be attributed to high internal processing demands which are typically involved in creative thinking.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Heim, Sabine; Friedman, Jennifer Thomas; Keil, Andreas; Benasich, April A.
Titel: Reduced sensory oscillatory activity during rapid auditory processing as a correlate of language-learning impairment
In: Journal of Neurolinguistics, 24 (2011) 5, S. 538-555
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.09.006
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.09.006
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Entwicklungsstörung; Experimentelle Untersuchung; Gehirn; Hören; Informationsverarbeitung; Kind; Kognitive Prozesse; Linguistik; Neurowissenschaften; Sinneseindruck; Sprachentwicklung; Spracherkennung; USA
Abstract (english): Successful language acquisition has been hypothesized to involve the ability to integrate rapidly presented, brief acoustic cues in sensory cortex. A body of work has suggested that this ability is compromised in language-learning impairment (LLI). The present research aimed to examine sensory integration during rapid auditory processing by means of electrophysiological measures of oscillatory brain activity using data from a larger longitudinal study. Twenty-nine children with LLI and control participants with typical language development (n = 18) listened to tone doublets presented at a temporal interval that is essential for accurate speech processing (70-ms interstimulus interval). The children performed a deviant (pitch change of second tone) detection task, or listened passively. The electroencephalogram was recorded from 64 electrodes. Data were source-projected to the auditory cortices and submitted to wavelet analysis, resulting in time-frequency representations of electrocortical activity. Results show significantly reduced amplitude and phase-locking of early (45 75 ms) oscillations in the gamma-band range (29 52 Hz), specifically in the LLI group, for the second stimulus of the tone doublet. This suggests altered temporal organization of sensory oscillatory activity in LLI when processing rapid sequences.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Kühn, Simone; Schmiedek, Florian; Schott, Björn; Ratcliff, Roger; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Düzel, Emrah; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövdén, Martin
Titel: Brain areas consistently linked to individual
differences in perceptual decision-making in
younger as well as older adults before
and after training
In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23 (2011) 9, S. 2147-2158
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Alter; Entscheidung; Erwachsener; Gehirn; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistung; Modell; Neurowissenschaften; Test; Training; Unterschied; Wahrnehmung
Abstract: Perceptual decision-making performance depends on several
cognitive and neural processes. Here, we fit Ratcliff s diffusion
model to accuracy data and reaction-time distributions from
one numerical and one verbal two-choice perceptual-decision
task to deconstruct these performance measures into the rate
of evidence accumulation (i.e., drift rate), response criterion setting
(i.e., boundary separation), and peripheral aspects of performance
(i.e., nondecision time). These theoretical processes
are then related to individual differences in brain activation by
means of multiple regression. The sample consisted of 24 younger
and 15 older adults performing the task in fMRI before and after
100 daily 1-hr behavioral training sessions in a multitude of
cognitive tasks. Results showed that individual differences in
boundary separation were related to striatal activity, whereas differences
in drift rate were related to activity in the inferior parietal
lobe. These associations were not significantly modified by
adult age or perceptual expertise. We conclude that the striatum
is involved in regulating response thresholds, whereas the inferior
parietal lobe might represent decision-making evidence
related to letters and numbers.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung
-
-
Autor*innen: Lonnemann, Jan; Linkersdörfer, Janosch; Heselhaus, Vera; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Lindberg, Sven
Titel: Relations between balancing and arithmetic skills in children. Evidence of cerebellar involvement?
In: Journal of Neurolinguistics, 24 (2011) 5, S. 592-601
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2011.02.005
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2011.02.005
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Schlagwörter: Arithmetik; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Gehirn; Grundschüler; Korrelation; Mathematische Kompetenz; Motorik; Rechnen
Abstract (english): Reading performance has been shown to be linked with balancing skills, possibly indicating an involvement of the cerebellum in reading-related tasks. In our study, we examined whether a similar connection can be detected for arithmetic performance. We assessed basic arithmetic skills of 8 10-year-old children (n 1 4 53) and asked them to balance on the left or right foot, with eyes open or closed. Results revealed substantial correlations between performance in arithmetic tasks and in the balancing tasks with closed eyes even when controlling for attentional and reasoning capabilities. These findings are interpreted in terms of a cerebellar involvement in arithmetic tasks. We propose that verbally medi- ated arithmetic tasks like multiplication might be related to cerebellar functions in different ways than those arithmetic tasks that require elaboration strategies and quantity manipulations, such as subtraction.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung