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Back to the future. Examining age differences in processes before stressor exposure
Neupert, Shevaun D.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Hyun, Jinshil; Sliwinski, Martin J.
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences | 2019
38480 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Neupert, Shevaun D.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Scott, Stacey B.; Hyun, Jinshil; Sliwinski, Martin J.
Titel:
Back to the future. Examining age differences in processes before stressor exposure
In:
Journals of Gerontology. Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 74 (2019) 1, S. 1-6
DOI:
10.1093/geronb/gby074
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-189687
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/18968/pdf/JGPS_2019_1_Neupert_et_al_Back_to_the_future_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Beitrag in Sonderheft
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Alltag; Alter Mensch; Altersgruppe; Bewältigung; Coping; Emotion; Erwartung; Junger Erwachsener; Kognition; Prognose; Resilienz; Strategie; Stress; Vergleich; Wirkung
Abstract:
Although it is generally accepted that stress is associated with poorer health and cognitive functioning, previous work has focused on what happens after stressors occur [...]. In this special section, we present a novel conceptual framework and initial empirical work that integrates the temporal space of anticipation before stressors occur. Understanding processes that may prevent exposure to or reduce the effects of stressors can have tremendous benefits for longevity and successful aging. In this overview, we describe our conceptual framework and relevant aging theories that form the foundation for our predictions across studies. We also briefly introduce the data sets and study designs and propose preliminary implications. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Paper-based assessment of the effects of aging on response time in processing speed. A diffusion […]
Dirk, Judith; Kratzsch, Gesa Katharina; Prindle, John P.; Kröhne, Ulf; Goldhammer, Frank; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Journal of Intelligence | 2017
37296 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Dirk, Judith; Kratzsch, Gesa Katharina; Prindle, John P.; Kröhne, Ulf; Goldhammer, Frank; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Paper-based assessment of the effects of aging on response time in processing speed. A diffusion model analysis
In:
Journal of Intelligence, 5 (2017) 2, S. 1-16
DOI:
10.3390/jintelligence5020012
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-191786
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/19178/pdf/jintelligence_2017_2_Dirk_et_al_Paper-based_assessment_of_the_effects_of_aging_on_response_time_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Alter Mensch; Altern; Antwort; Deutschland; Empirische Untersuchung; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitionspsychologie; Leistung; Messung; Modell; Vergleichsuntersuchung; Zeit
Abstract:
The effects of aging on response time were examined in a paper-based lexical-decision experiment with younger (age 18-36) and older (age 64-75) adults, applying Ratcliff's diffusion model. Using digital pens allowed the paper-based assessment of response times for single items. Age differences previously reported by Ratcliff and colleagues in computer-based experiments were partly replicated: older adults responded more conservatively than younger adults and showed a slowing of their nondecision components of RT by 53 ms. The rates of evidence accumulation (drift rate) showed no age-related differences. Participants with a higher score in a vocabulary test also had higher drift rates. The experiment demonstrates the possibility to use formal processing models with paper-based tests. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung; Bildungsqualität und Evaluation
Age differences in coupling of intraindividual variability in mnemonic strategies and […]
Hertzog, Christopher; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychology and Aging | 2017
38050 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Hertzog, Christopher; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Age differences in coupling of intraindividual variability in mnemonic strategies and practice-related associative recall improvements
In:
Psychology and Aging, 32 (2017) 6, S. 557-571
DOI:
10.1037/pag0000177
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Gedächtnis; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Gedächtnishilfe; Strategie; Assoziation; Kognitive Prozesse; Leistungsfähigkeit; Wirkung; Effektivität; Leistungssteigerung; Test; Empirische Untersuchung; Vergleich
Abstract:
The importance of encoding strategies for associative recall is well established, but there have been no studies of aging and intraindividual variability (IAV) in strategy use during extended practice. We observed strategy use and cued-recall test performance over 101 days of practice in 101 younger adults (M = 25.6 years) and 103 older adults (M = 71.3 years) sandwiched by a pretest and posttest battery including an associative recall test. Each practice session included 2 lists of 12 number-noun paired-associate (PA) items (e.g., 23-DOGS), presented for brief exposures titrated to maintain below-ceiling performance throughout practice. Participants reported strategy use (e.g., rote repetition, imagery) after each test. Substantial IAV in strategy use was detected that was coupled with performance; lists studied with normatively effective strategies (e.g., imagery) generated higher PA recall than lists studied with less effective strategies (e.g., rote repetition). In comparison to younger adults, older adults' practice (a) relied more on repetition and less on effective strategies, (b) showed lower levels of IAV in effective strategy use, and (c) had lower within-person strategy-recall coupling, especially late in practice. Individual differences in pretest-posttest gains in PA recall were predicted by average level of effective strategy use in young adults but by strategy-recall coupling in older adults. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that experiencing variability in strategic outcomes during practice helps hone the effectiveness of strategic encoding behavior, and that older adults' reduced degree of pretest-posttest gains is influenced by lower likelihood of using and optimizing effective strategies through practice. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Reduced impact of alcohol use on next-day tiredness in older relative to younger adults. A role for […]
Lydon-Staley, David M.; Ram, Nilam; Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Psychology and Aging | 2017
38049 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Lydon-Staley, David M.; Ram, Nilam; Brose, Annette; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Reduced impact of alcohol use on next-day tiredness in older relative to younger adults. A role for sleep duration
In:
Psychology and Aging, 32 (2017) 7, S. 642-653
DOI:
10.1037/pag0000198
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Schlaf; Dauer; Qualität; Alter Mensch; Junger Erwachsener; Alkoholkonsum; Wirkung; Einflussfaktor; Leistungsfähigkeit; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Empirische Untersuchung; Vergleich
Abstract:
Recent work has suggested that older adults may be less susceptible to the next-day effects of alcohol relative to younger adults. The effects of alcohol in younger adults may be mediated by sleep duration, but due to age differences in the contexts of alcohol use, this mediation process may not generalize to older adults. The present study examined age-group (younger vs. older adults) differences in how alcohol use influenced next-day tiredness during daily life. Reports of alcohol use, sleep duration, and next-day tiredness obtained on ∼101 days from 91 younger adults (ages 20-31 years) and 75 older adults (ages 65-80 years) were modeled using a multilevel, moderated mediation framework. Findings indicated that (a) greater-than-usual alcohol use was associated with greater-than-usual tiredness in younger adults only, (b) greater-than-usual alcohol use was associated with shorter-than-usual sleep duration in younger adults only, and (c) shorter-than-usual sleep duration was associated with greater tiredness in both younger and older adults. For the prototypical younger adult, a significant portion (43%) of the association between alcohol use and next-day tiredness could be explained assuming mediation through sleep duration, whereas there was no evidence of mediation for the prototypical older adult. Findings of age differences in the mediation process underlying associations among alcohol use, sleep, and tiredness provide insight into the mechanisms driving recent observations of reduced next-day effects of alcohol in older relative to younger adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Long-term effects of an extensive cognitive training on personality development
Sander, Julia; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Wagner, Gert G.; Specht, Jule
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Journal of Personality | 2017
36804 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Sander, Julia; Schmiedek, Florian; Brose, Annette; Wagner, Gert G.; Specht, Jule
Titel:
Long-term effects of an extensive cognitive training on personality development
In:
Journal of Personality, 85 (2017) 4, S. 454-463
DOI:
10.1111/jopy.12252
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-176691
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2019/17669/pdf/Schmiedek_2017_long-term_JoP_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Gedächtnis; Training; Kognitive Entwicklung; Wirkung; Persönlichkeitsentwicklung; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Veränderung; Junger Erwachsener; Alter Mensch; Aufmerksamkeit; Reaktion; Dauer; Erkenntnis; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Leistungsfähigkeit; Leistungstest; Altersgruppe; Vergleich; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Längsschnittuntersuchung
Abstract:
Previous research found that cognitive training increases the Big Five personality trait openness to experience during and some weeks after the intervention. The present study investigated whether long-term changes happen in openness to experience and other personality traits after an extensive cognitive training of memory and perceptual speed. Method: Intervention group consisted of 204 adults (20-31 years and 65-80 years, 50% female), who received daily one-hour cognitive training sessions for about 100 days. The control group consisted of 86 adults (21-29 years and 65-82 years, 51% female), who received no cognitive training. All participants answered the NEO Five-Factor Inventory before and two years after the cognitive training. Latent change models were applied that controlled for age group (young vs. old) and gender. In the long-run the cognitive training did not affect changes in any facet of openness to experience. This was true for young and old participants as well as for men and women. Instead, the cognitive training lowered the general increase of conscientiousness. Conclusion: Even an extensive cognitive training on memory and perceptual speed does not serve as a sufficient intervention for enduring changes in openness to experiences or one of its facets. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Still doing fine? The interplay of negative life events and self-esteem during young adulthood
Tetzner, Julia; Becker, Michael; Baumert, Jürgen
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: European Journal of Personality | 2016
36728 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Tetzner, Julia; Becker, Michael; Baumert, Jürgen
Titel:
Still doing fine? The interplay of negative life events and self-esteem during young adulthood
In:
European Journal of Personality, 30 (2016) 4, S. 358-373
DOI:
10.1002/per.2066
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-203054
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2020/20305/pdf/EJP_2016_4_Tetzner_Becker_Baumert_Still_doing_fine_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Adoleszenz; Deutschland; Einflussfaktor; Entwicklung; Erlebnis; Junger Erwachsener; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Negativität; Selbstwertgefühl; Übergang; Veränderung; Wirkung
Abstract (english):
This longitudinal study investigated the bidirectional relationship between negative life events and self-esteem during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (N = 2272). Drawing on theories of human development over the lifespan and just-world theory, we analyzed age-graded changes in self-esteem and their interplay with negative life events at three measurement points over a 12-year period. We addressed both the short-term and the longer term effects of single as well as multiple negative life events on changes in self-esteem (socialization effects). We further investigated whether the pre-event level of self-esteem affected the likelihood of negative life events occurring (selection effects) and, finally, whether it had protective effects in terms of helping people adjust to negative events. Latent change models yielded four main findings: (i) self-esteem increased during young adulthood; (ii) socialization effects were observed over shorter and longer timespans, but (iii) selection effects were only found for multiple negative life events, with low self-esteem predicting a high number of negative life events; (iv) high pre-event self-esteem acted as a protective factor, attenuating declines in self-esteem after experience of multiple negative life events. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Struktur und Steuerung des Bildungswesens
Lower baseline performance but greater plasticity of working memory for carriers of the val allele […]
Bellander, Martin; Bäckman, Lars; Liu, Tian; M.Schjeide, Brit-Maren; Bertram, Lars; […]
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Neuropsychology | 2015
35364 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Bellander, Martin; Bäckman, Lars; Liu, Tian; M.Schjeide, Brit-Maren; Bertram, Lars; Schmiedek, Florian; Lindenberger, Ulman; Lövdén, Martin
Titel:
Lower baseline performance but greater plasticity of working memory for carriers of the val allele of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism
In:
Neuropsychology, 29 (2015) 2, S. 247-254
DOI:
10.1037/neu0000088
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-180838
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2019/18083/pdf/Bellander_et_al_2015_Effect_of_COMT_on_wm_performance_and_plasticity_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Alter Mensch; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Einflussfaktor; Empirische Untersuchung; Genetik; Intelligenztest; Junger Erwachsener; Kognitive Kompetenz; Kognitive Prozesse; Training; Vergleich; Wirkung
Abstract:
Objective: Little is known about genetic contributions to individual differences in cognitive plasticity. Given that the neurotransmitter dopamine is critical for cognition and associated with cognitive plasticity, we investigated the effects of 3 polymorphisms of dopamine-related genes (LMX1A, DRD2, COMT) on baseline performance and plasticity of working memory (WM), perceptual speed, and reasoning. Method: One hundred one younger and 103 older adults underwent approximately 100 days of cognitive training, and extensive testing before and after training. We analyzed the baseline and posttest data using latent change score models. Results: For working memory, carriers of the val allele of the COMT polymorphism had lower baseline performance and larger performance gains from training than carriers of the met allele. There was no significant effect of the other genes or on other cognitive domains. Conclusions: We relate this result to available evidence indicating that met carriers perform better than val carriers in WM tasks taxing maintenance, whereas val carriers perform better at updating tasks. We suggest that val carriers may show larger training gains because updating operations carry greater potential for plasticity than maintenance operations. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Differences in the between-person and within-person structures of affect are a matter of degree
Brose, Annette; Voelke, Manuel C.; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: European Journal of Personality | 2015
35382 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Brose, Annette; Voelke, Manuel C.; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel:
Differences in the between-person and within-person structures of affect are a matter of degree
In:
European Journal of Personality, 29 (2015) 1, S. 55-71
DOI:
10.1002/per.1961
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Affekt; Emotionaler Zustand; Interaktion; Junger Erwachsener; Messung; Messverfahren; Persönlichkeit; Stress; Struktur; Strukturgleichungsmodell; Test; Wohlbefinden; Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung
Abstract:
This study tested whether the structure of affect observed on the basis of between-person (BP) differences is equivalent to the affect structures that organize the variability of affective states within persons (WP) over time. Further aims were to identify individual differences in the degree of divergence between the WP and BP structure and examine its association to dispositional and contextual variables (neuroticism, extraversion, well-being and stress). In 100 daily sessions, 101 younger adults rated their mood on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Variability of five negative affect items across time was so low that they were excluded from the analyses. We thus worked with a modified negative affect subscale. WP affect structures diverged reliably from the BP structure, with individual differences in the degree of divergence. Differences in the WP structural characteristics and the degree of divergence could be predicted by well-being and stress. We conclude that BP and WP structures of affect are not equivalent and that BP and WP variation should be considered as distinct phenomena. It would be wrong, for example, to conceive of positive and negative affect as independent at the WP level, as suggested by BP findings. Yet, individual differences in WP structural characteristics are related to stable BP differences, and the degree to which individuals' affect structures diverge from the BP structure can provide important insights into intraindividual functioning. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Characterizing lifespan development of three aspects of coherence in life narratives. A […]
Köber, Christin; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Developmental Psychology | 2015
35231 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Köber, Christin; Schmiedek, Florian; Habermas, Tilmann
Titel:
Characterizing lifespan development of three aspects of coherence in life narratives. A cohort-sequential study
In:
Developmental Psychology, 51 (2015) 2, S. 260-275
DOI:
10.1037/a0038668
URN:
urn:nbn:de:0111-dipfdocs-165574
URL:
http://www.dipfdocs.de/volltexte/2019/16557/pdf/2015_Schmiedek_Characterizing_lifespan_development_neu_A.pdf
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwörter:
Autobiografie; Biografie; Entwicklung; Erinnerung; Erzählen; Identität; Junger Erwachsener; Kind; Längsschnittuntersuchung
Abstract:
The ability to narrate stories and a synchronic self-concept develop in the pre- and primary school years. Life story theory proposes that both developments extend to an even later developmental stage, that is, to adolescents' acquisition of a coherent life story. Cross-sectional evidence supports the emergence of a life story in adolescence, but is mixed in terms of later life span development. The present study examines longitudinally the development of global coherence in life narratives across almost the entire life span. Starting in 2003, a total of 172 participants narrated their lives over the course of 8 years (aged 16, 20, 24, 28, 44, and 69 when last tested) resulting in up to 4 life narratives per person. Three aspects of global life narrative coherence-temporal, causal-motivational, and thematic coherence-were measured with global ratings and predicted by their respective textual indicators. Children lacked most aspects of global coherence. Almost all indicators of temporal and causal-motivational coherence increased substantially across adolescence up to early adulthood, as did thematic coherence, which continued to develop throughout middle adulthood. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung:
Bildung und Entwicklung
Linkempfehlungen zur Rubrik Online: Intergeneratives Lernen: Hintergründe und Konzepte
Tilgner, Renate
Zeitschriftenbeitrag
| In: Weiterbildung | 2015
35757 Endnote
Autor*innen:
Tilgner, Renate
Titel:
Linkempfehlungen zur Rubrik Online: Intergeneratives Lernen: Hintergründe und Konzepte
In:
Weiterbildung, 26 (2015) 4, S. 45-46
URL:
http://www.bildungsserver.de/Zeitschrift-Weiterbildung-4-2015-Linkempfehlungen-zum-Schwerpunkt-Intergeneratives-lernen-Gewinn-fuer-Alt-und-Jung--11430.html
Dokumenttyp:
3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Bibliografien/Rezensionen u.ä. (z.B. Linktipps)
Sprache:
Deutsch
Schlagwörter:
Alter Mensch; Altern; Arbeitswelt; Austausch; Betrieb; Bildung; Deutschland; Digitale Medien; Erfahrung; Generationenbeziehung; Hilfe; Junger Erwachsener; Kooperatives Lernen; Kreativität; Studium; Wissenstransfer; Wohnen
Abstract:
Vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels gewinnen Bildungsprozesse und gesellschaftliche Beteiligung Älterer an Bedeutung, auch spielen der Austausch zwischen den Generationen und das gemeinsame Lernen Älterer und Jüngerer eine größere Rolle. Es wird über verschiedene Beiträge informiert, die intergeneratives Lernen aus einer allgemeineren Perspektive betrachten oder den Schwerpunkt auf die Arbeitswelt legen. Außerdem werden Praxisbeispiele vorgestellt, die Aspekte wie das Seniorenstudium, mediale Bildung, Mentoring oder gemeinschaftliches Wohnen berücksichtigen. (DIPF/Autor)
DIPF-Abteilung:
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