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(Personen: "Schmiedek," und "Florian")

It counts in every single lesson. Between- and within-person associations of teaching quality and […] Blume, Friederike; Schmiedek, Florian Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Learning and Instruction | 2024 44849 Endnote: Autor*innen: Blume, Friederike; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: It counts in every single lesson. Between- and within-person associations of teaching quality and student self-regulation
In: Learning and Instruction, 91 (2024) , S. 101908
DOI: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101908
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959475224000355
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Background The significant influence that classroom interactions have on the development of students' self-regulation has been acknowledged for a long time. Nonetheless, past research has emphasised their impact on differences in self-regulation amongst students, without considering intra-individual variations. Aims We examined whether there is a link between average and lesson-level student-perceived teaching quality, which includes student support, classroom management and cognitive activation, and student self-regulation in individual lessons. Moreover, we investigated whether the magnitude of the associations depended on students' dispositional self-regulation. Sample We analysed data collected from 61 students (recruited sample N = 64 students; Mage = 11.71, SDage = 0.93). Methods Participants completed a baseline questionnaire (demographics, dispositional self-regulation) as well as 15 daily diaries in which they reported on their own self-regulation and the perceived quality of teaching in the last lesson of the day. Results The findings revealed positive associations between student support and classroom management, both at the average and lesson level, and student self-regulation in individual lessons. No associations were found between the average and lesson level cognitive activation and students' self-regulation in individual lessons. The aforementioned associations were not moderated by students' dispositional self-regulation. Conclusions The findings emphasise the importance of student-perceived teaching quality at both the average and lesson-level for student self-regulation in individual lessons.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

State‐level working memory and dysregulated eating in children and adolescents. An exploratory […] Goldschmidt, Andrea; Goldstein, Stephanie; Schmiedek, Florian; Stalvey, Erin; Irizarry, Bailey; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: International Journal of Eating Disorders | 2024 44441 Endnote: Autor*innen: Goldschmidt, Andrea; Goldstein, Stephanie; Schmiedek, Florian; Stalvey, Erin; Irizarry, Bailey; Thomas, Graham
Titel: State‐level working memory and dysregulated eating in children and adolescents. An exploratory ecological momentary assessment study
In: International Journal of Eating Disorders, 57 (2024) 1, S. 93-103
DOI: 10.1002/eat.24087
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eat.24087
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Background: Children with loss of control (LOC) eating and overweight/obesity have relative deficiencies in trait-level working memory (WM), which may limit adaptive responding to intra- and extra-personal cues related to eating. Understanding of how WM performance relates to eating behavior in real-time is currently limited. Methods: We studied 32 youth (ages 10-17 years) with LOC eating and overweight/obesity (LOC-OW; n = 9), overweight/obesity only (OW; n = 16), and non-overweight status (NW; n = 7). Youth completed spatial and numerical WM tasks requiring varying degrees of cognitive effort and reported on their eating behavior daily for 14 days via smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment. Linear mixed effects models estimated group-level differences in WM performance, as well as associations between contemporaneously completed measures of WM and dysregulated eating. Results: LOC-OW were less accurate on numerical WM tasks compared to OW and NW (ps < .01); groups did not differ on spatial task accuracy (p = .41). Adjusting for between-subject effects (reflecting differences between individuals in their mean WM performance and its association with eating behavior), within-subject effects (reflecting variations in moment-to-moment associations) revealed that more accurate responding on the less demanding numerical WM task, compared to one's own average, was associated with greater overeating severity across the full sample (p = .013). There were no associations between WM performance and LOC eating severity (ps > .05). Conclusions: Youth with LOC eating and overweight/obesity demonstrated difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life, replicating prior laboratory-based research. Overeating may be related to improved WM, regardless of LOC status, but temporality and causality should be further explored.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Perspectives on resilience. Trait resilience, correlates of resilience in daily life, and […] Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Schmiedek, Florian; Siebert, Stefan; Richter, David; Brose, Annette Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Stress and Health | 2023 43272 Endnote: Autor*innen: Blanke, Elisabeth S.; Schmiedek, Florian; Siebert, Stefan; Richter, David; Brose, Annette
Titel: Perspectives on resilience. Trait resilience, correlates of resilience in daily life, and longer-term change in affective distress
In: Stress and Health, 39 (2023) 1, S. 59-73
DOI: 10.1002/smi.3164
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smi.3164
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Resilience describes successful adaptation in the face of adversity, commonly inferred from trajectories of well-being following major life events. Alternatively, resilience was conceptualised as a psychological trait, facilitating adaptation through stable individual characteristics. Both perspectives may relate to individual differences in how stress is regulated in daily life. In the present study, we combined these perspectives on resilience. Our sample consisted of N = 132 middle-aged adults, who experienced major life events in between two waves of a longitudinal study. We implemented latent change regression models to predict change in affective distress. As predictors, we investigated trait resilience and correlates of resilience in daily life (stressor occurrence, stress reactivity, positive reappraisal, mindful attention, and acceptance), measured using experience sampling (T = 70 occasions). Unexpectedly, trait resilience was not associated with change in distress. In contrast, resilience correlates in daily life, most notably lower stress reactivity, were associated with more favourable change. Higher trait resilience related to higher average mindfulness, higher reappraisal, and lower negative affect. Overall, while trait resilience translated into everyday correlates of resilience, it was not predictive of changes in affective distress. Instead, precursors of changes in well-being may be found in correlates of resilience in daily life. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

The impact of affective information on working memory. A psychometric approach Brose, Annette; Rueschkamp, Johanna M.G.; Kuppens, Peter; Gerstorf, Denis; Schmiedek, Florian Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. | 2023 43394 Endnote: Autor*innen: Brose, Annette; Rueschkamp, Johanna M.G.; Kuppens, Peter; Gerstorf, Denis; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: The impact of affective information on working memory. A psychometric approach
In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition., 49 (2023) 7, S. 1091-1098
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001165
URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2022-93068-001
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: It has been debated whether working memory (WM) performance is modulated by the valence of the stimuli that are being processed. A recent meta-analysis revealed that at the behavioral level and in individuals without mental health problems, mean-level performance differences in WM tasks with neutral versus affective conditions are small to negligible. We took this finding an important step further by employing a psychometric approach. This is an important refinement of previous work because even in the absence of mean-level differences, differential processing of affective versus nonaffective information may still be occurring. We examined whether at the construct level, 2 latent WM factors could be distinguished in capturing the processing of neutral and affective stimuli, respectively. Applying confirmatory factor analyses (N = 183 university students) to a battery of 18 tasks (3 n-back paradigms crossed with 3 stimulus types and neutral vs. affective valence), the 2 factors correlated perfectly. This result was replicated when neutral stimuli were analyzed together with either positive or negative stimuli. Based on individual differences, the processing of affective versus nonaffective stimuli in WM therefore cannot be distinguished, at least not in a student sample of younger adults. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Generalised anxiety and panic symptoms in the German National Cohort (NAKO) Erhardt, Angelika; Gelbrich, Götz; Klinger-König, Johanna; Streit, Fabian; Kleineidam, Luca; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry | 2023 42843 Endnote: Autor*innen: Erhardt, Angelika; Gelbrich, Götz; Klinger-König, Johanna; Streit, Fabian; Kleineidam, Luca; Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.; Schmidt, Börge; Schmiedek, Florian; Wagner, Michael; Grabe, Hans-J.; Rietschel, Marcella; Berger, Klaus; Deckert, Jürgen
Titel: Generalised anxiety and panic symptoms in the German National Cohort (NAKO)
In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24 (2023) 10, S. 881-896
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2011409
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Objectives Anxiety disorders (AD) are common in the general population, leading to high emotional distress and disability. The German National Cohort (NAKO) is a population-based mega-cohort study, examining participants in 16 German regions. The present study includes data of the first 101,667 participants and investigates the frequency and severity of generalised anxiety symptoms and panic attacks (PA). Methods The Generalised Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Scale (GAD-7) and the first part of the Patient Health Questionnaire Panic Disorder (PHQ-PD) were filled out by NAKO participants (93,002). We examined the correlation of GAD-7 and PHQ-PD with demographic variables, stress (PHQ-Stress), depression (PHQ-9) and childhood trauma (CTS). Results The total proportion of prior lifetime diagnoses of AD in the NAKO cohort reached 7.8%. Panic attacks were reported by 6.0% and possible/probable current GAD symptoms in 5.2% of the examined participants. Higher anxiety severity was associated with female sex, lower education level, German as a foreign language and younger age as well as high perceived stress and depression. Conclusions Clinically relevant GAD symptoms as well as panic attacks are frequent in the NAKO and are associated with sociodemographic factors, and high anxiety symptoms are accompanied by pronounced stress and depression levels.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

Associations between youth's daily social media use and well-being are mediated by upward […] Irmer, Andrea; Schmiedek, Florian Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Communications Psychology | 2023 44024 Endnote: Autor*innen: Irmer, Andrea; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: Associations between youth's daily social media use and well-being are mediated by upward comparisons
In: Communications Psychology, 1 (2023) , S. 12
DOI: 10.1038/s44271-023-00013-0
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s44271-023-00013-0
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract (english): Studies examining the associations between social media use and subjective well-being have revealed inconsistent results and mainly refer to the between-person level. We conducted a 14-day diary study among 200 youths ages 10 to 14 to examine within- and between-person associations of social media use (Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube), subjective well-being (positive/negative self-worth, positive/negative affect), and upward social comparisons (general impression of others being better off). Multilevel structural equation models showed that social media use was linked to lower positive and higher negative self-worth on a daily basis, and that upward social comparisons were linked to diminished subjective well-being on all dimensions. Furthermore, our findings were consistent with (partial) mediation of the effect of social media use on subjective well-being by upward social comparisons on the between- and within-person levels. Youths' feelings that others are better off than themselves may help explain part of the heterogeneity of previous findings. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

How accurately do children indicate their smartphone social media use? A comparison of subjective […] Irmer, Andrea; Schmiedek, Florian Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie | 2023 44304 Endnote: Autor*innen: Irmer, Andrea; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: How accurately do children indicate their smartphone social media use? A comparison of subjective and objective reports in children's everyday lives
In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 231 (2023) 4, S. 243-251
DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000535
URL: https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/2151-2604/a000535
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Empirical research revealed that subjective time estimates of social media use show rather low accuracy as compared to objective log measures of use. The present work examined a different subjective measure, that is, intensity of use indicated on a 5-point scale and tested its congruence with an objective measure. A daily diary study with 200 children (103 female; Mage = 11.71, SDage = 1.02) was conducted, with children reporting their daily subjective and objective smartphone use of Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. On the between-person and within-person level, subjective and objective use of the three social media platforms were positively associated with each other, with explained variance (based on pseudo-R2) ranging from 77% to 95% on between-person levels and from 36% to 58% on within-person levels. Furthermore, we identified person-level variables and daily characteristics of social media use that were linked to higher or lower congruence of subjective and objective measures.
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

The assessment of cognitive function in the German National Cohort (NAKO) Associations of […] Kleineidam, Luca; Stark, Melina; Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.; Pabst, Alexander; Schmiedek, Florian; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry | 2023 42850 Endnote: Autor*innen: Kleineidam, Luca; Stark, Melina; Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.; Pabst, Alexander; Schmiedek, Florian; Streit, Fabian; Rietschel, Marcella; Klinger-König, Johanna; Grabe, Hans J.; Erhardt, Angelika; Gelbrich, Götz; Schmidt, Börge; Berger, Klaus; Wagner, Michael
Titel: The assessment of cognitive function in the German National Cohort (NAKO) Associations of demographics and psychiatric symptoms with cognitive test performance
In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24 (2023) 10, S. 909-923
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2011408
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Objectives: To describe the cognitive test battery of the German National Cohort (NAKO), a population-based mega cohort of 205,000 randomly selected participants, and to examine associations with demographic variables and selected psychiatric and neurological conditions. Methods: Initial data from 96,401 participants providing data on the cognitive performance measured by a brief cognitive test battery (12-word list recall task, semantic fluency, Stroop test, digit span backwards) was examined. Test results were summarised in cognitive domain scores using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Associations with sociodemographic and psychiatric factors were analysed using linear regression and generalised additive models. Results: Cognitive test results were best represented by two domain scores reflecting memory and executive functions. Lower cognitive functions were associated with increasing age and male sex. Higher education and absence of childhood trauma were associated with better cognitive function. Moderate to severe levels of anxiety and depression, and a history of stroke, were related to lower cognitive function with a stronger effect on executive function as compared to memory. Some associations with cognition differed by German language proficiency. Conclusions: The NAKO cognitive test battery and the derived cognitive domain scores for memory and executive function are sensitive measures of cognition. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

The assessment of childhood maltreatment and its associations with affective symptoms in adulthood. […] Klinger-König, Johanna; Streit, Fabian; Erhardt, Angelika; Kleineidam, Luca; Schmiedek, Florian; […] Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry | 2023 42842 Endnote: Autor*innen: Klinger-König, Johanna; Streit, Fabian; Erhardt, Angelika; Kleineidam, Luca; Schmiedek, Florian; Schmidt, Börge; Wagner, Michael; Deckert, Jürgen; Rietschel, Marcella; Berger, Klaus; Grabe, H.-J
Titel: The assessment of childhood maltreatment and its associations with affective symptoms in adulthood. Results of the German National Cohort (NAKO)
In: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24 (2023) 10, S. 897-908
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2011406
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Objectives : Childhood maltreatment affects 20-30% of the German population and is an important risk factor for physical and mental diseases in adult life. This study reports first results of the distribution of childhood maltreatment in the population-based mega cohort German National Cohort (NAKO) and estimates associations with affective symptoms in adulthood. Methods : The Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS), a short version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, was used in 83,995 adults (age: 20-72 years; 47.3% men) of NAKO. The five-item CTS assesses the severity of three types of childhood abuse and two types of childhood neglect. Results : Overall, 21,131 participants (27.5%) reported at least one type of childhood maltreatment; 14,017 participants (18.3%) reported exactly one type and 250 participants (0.3%) reported all five types of childhood maltreatment. Small differences regarding age (mean absolute deviation around the mean (MAD)=0.47), sex (MAD = 0.07) and education (MAD = 0.82) were observed. The severity of childhood maltreatment was associated with more severe symptoms of depression (β = 0.23), anxiety (β = 0.21) and perceived stress (β = 0.23) in adulthood, validated particularly for emotional abuse and emotional neglect. Conclusions : The distribution of childhood maltreatment in NAKO is similar to previous reports. Additionally, our results suggest differential associations with psychopathological symptoms for the five types of childhood maltreatment. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung

The effectiveness of a slow-paced diaphragmatic breathing exercise in children's daily life. A […] Kramer, Andrea C.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian Zeitschriftenbeitrag | In: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology | 2023 42768 Endnote: Autor*innen: Kramer, Andrea C.; Neubauer, Andreas B.; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel: The effectiveness of a slow-paced diaphragmatic breathing exercise in children's daily life. A micro-randomized trial
In: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 52 (2023) 6, S. 797-810
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2084743
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15374416.2022.2084743
Dokumenttyp: 3a. Beiträge in begutachteten Zeitschriften; Aufsatz (keine besondere Kategorie)
Sprache: Englisch
Abstract: Objective: Breathing exercises have been proposed as an effective intervention to improve subjective well-being and manage anxiety symptoms. As they are comparatively easy to learn and to implement, breathing exercises may be particularly beneficial for children. Although breathing exercises are ultimately supposed to provide salutary effects in individuals' everyday lives, immediate effects of breathing exercises in naturalistic contexts have received limited empirical attention. The purpose of this study was to examine immediate effects of slow-paced diaphragmatic breathing on negative affect as well as on relaxation in an ecologically valid setting. To that end, we conducted a micro-randomized trial in children's daily life. Method: On each of 15 days, children (N = 171, aged 9-13 years, 54% female) were randomized to different conditions: performing a video-guided slow-paced diaphragmatic breathing exercise (experimental condition), watching a different video (active control condition), or a passive control condition. Results: The breathing exercise had no immediate effects on negative affect or relaxation compared to both control conditions. However, in situations when children reported higher levels of worries than usual, relaxation was higher when children performed the breathing exercise compared to the passive control condition. Compared to the active control condition, the breathing exercise did not result in higher levels of relaxation in situations when children worried more than normally. Conclusions: Findings highlight that context-specific factors can modulate the effectiveness of breathing exercises and should be taken into account to tailor interventions to individuals' needs. (DIPF/Orig.)
DIPF-Abteilung: Bildung und Entwicklung